Exam 7: The Fourth Amendment: an Overview of Constitutional Searches and Seizures

Instances in which police officers are not aware that they are violating Fourth Amendment principles involve an exception to the law referred to as:

The primary purpose of having a neutral magistrate is to remove from the police the responsibility of determining probable cause.

Which of the following best describes the freedoms set forth by the Fourth Amendment?

One method courts use to determine reasonableness is the bright-line approach, which:

A ______________ is an examination of a person, place, or vehicle for contraband or evidence of a crime.

Describe two exceptions to the exclusionary rule. Use case law to further illustrate your point.

The Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act, 42 U.S.C. §1997, was passed in 1980, with the purposes of reducing acts of abuse and excessive use of force, and of correcting deplorable living conditions of inmates.

Explain the law of stop and frisk, and why it is needed.

The ________________________ is an exception to the exclusionary rule deeming evidence admissible, even if seized in violation of the Fourth Amendment, when it can be shown that the evidence would have been discovered through lawful means.

If a person is an employee of any governmental agency or is an agent of the government in any capacity, that person is bound by the Fourth Amendment.

Deterring government misconduct is the primary purpose of the:

Which of the following is not one of the five categories of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

One of the driving forces behind the Revolution was strong opposition to indiscriminate and baseless government searches and seizures, including ______________, which were used by revenue officers to search ships and other water vessels, as well as homes and businesses, for evidence of smuggled goods or goods on which taxes had not been paid.

Detective Klenowski and Detective Bell discover an illegal gambling racket occurring in a backroom apartment at a local bar. Because the illegal activity primarily happens at night, they ask the magistrate for a _________________ warrant.

In United States v. Banks, the Court held that officers must wait a reasonable amount of time after knocking and before forcible entry, and that a wait of_______________seconds (in this case) satisfied the Fourth Amendment.

The two basic source categories of probable cause are observational and informational.

Until the 1960s, the Court used the ____________________ approach, viewing the Reasonableness Clause and the Warrant Clause as intertwined and firmly connected.

In which case did the Court hold that the individual's flight at the sight of police was enough to provide reasonable suspicion for an investigatory stop?

Concepts critical to understanding the Fourth Amendment include all of the following, except:

In the _______________ principle, a legal assessment is made based on the sum total of layers of information and the synthesis of what the police have heard, what they know, and what they observe as trained officers.