Question 1

Define the following terms: res publica

Accepted Answer

The term "res publica" is a Latin phrase that translates to "public affair" or "public matter" in English. It is the root of the word "republic," which refers to a form of government where the country's affairs are considered a public matter, with officials being representatives of the people and the state not being the private concern or property of a ruler.

In ancient Roman context, "res publica" referred to the Roman state and its administration, which was characterized by a mixed form of government that included elements of democracy, oligarchy, and monarchy. The Roman Republic, which lasted from around 509 BC until 27 BC, was founded on the principles of the res publica, emphasizing the importance of public service, civic duty, and the common good over individual interests.

The concept of res publica has had a significant influence on political theory and the development of modern republican and democratic systems of governance, where the state exists to serve the collective interests of its citizens, and the mechanisms of power are accountable to the people through the rule of law and a constitution.

Question 2

One result of Marius's military reform proposals was

Accepted Answer

A)  increased loyalty of the army to the senate. 
B)  the unpopularity of Marius with most soldiers. 
C)  the large-scale distribution of land to soldiers. 
D)  a shift in soldiers' loyalty from the senate to their commanders. 
E)  the creation of a permanent professional army composed mostly of defeated peoples. 
A)  increased loyalty of the army to the senate. 
B)  the unpopularity of Marius with most soldiers. 
C)  the large-scale distribution of land to soldiers. 
D)  a shift in soldiers' loyalty from the senate to their commanders. 
E)  the creation of a permanent professional army composed mostly of defeated peoples. D

Question 3

Julius Caesar was known as a great general as well as Roman leader. Summarize the career and achievements of Caesar. What reforms did he introduce and why was he murdered?

Accepted Answer

Students should be able to discuss his military and domestic exploits and accomplishments and some reasons for the antagonism he aroused. Again, look for facts and concrete examples to back up opinions. Students may also discuss how many of Caesar's reforms really were created to increase his power. Since he was popular in some areas and by some sectors of society, he conferred Roman citizenship on Cisalpine Italy, thereby increasing his power base. To increase his power inside the government, he enlarged the senate, supposedly expanding democracy, but the increase only added supporters to the government. Students should discuss that he was able to reduce the debt and introduced the Julian calendar, and that he was murdered because Romans still believed a restoration of the Republic and as emperor; they feared this would not be accomplished.

Question 4

Present a written portrait of Rome's government using Polybius's model of a mixed constitution. Show how this analysis of the Roman Republic is, or is not, borne out by history.

Accepted Answer

In addition to the student's ability to

Question 5

Define the following terms: the Gracchi

Accepted Answer

The Gracchi refers to two brothers, Tibe

Question 6

Referring to the chapter feature, "The Written Record: Spartacus Slave Revolt," which of the following statements is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The revolt produced a number of important reforms. 
B)  The revolt attracted many free men to its cause. 
C)  Spartacus attracted many to his side because he divided the profits among his fighters. 
D)  The prisoners taken by the Romans were crucified and lined up along the road to Rome. 
E)  The revolt became a symbol of all those who were suppressed by the Romans. 
A)  The revolt produced a number of important reforms. 
B)  The revolt attracted many free men to its cause. 
C)  Spartacus attracted many to his side because he divided the profits among his fighters. 
D)  The prisoners taken by the Romans were crucified and lined up along the road to Rome. 
E)  The revolt became a symbol of all those who were suppressed by the Romans.

Question 7

The main goal of the Gracchi, for which they were murdered, was to

Accepted Answer

A)  redistribute land on behalf of the poor. 
B)  seize power and replace the Republic with a monarchy. 
C)  replace traditional religion with Greek philosophy. 
D)  maintain laws prohibiting conspicuous consumption. 
E)  set themselves up as super-patrons. 
A)  redistribute land on behalf of the poor. 
B)  seize power and replace the Republic with a monarchy. 
C)  replace traditional religion with Greek philosophy. 
D)  maintain laws prohibiting conspicuous consumption. 
E)  set themselves up as super-patrons.

Question 8

Define the following terms: druids

Accepted Answer

Druids were members of the high-ranking

Question 9

Define the following terms: paterfamilias

Accepted Answer

The term "paterfamilias" is derived from

Question 10

Define the following terms: Appian Way

Accepted Answer

The Appian Way, known in Latin as Via Ap

Question 11

All of the following can be associated with Spartacus's slave revolt except

Accepted Answer

A)  general social discontent and repeated slave revolts. 
B)  a serious revolt of Roman allies and several major cities. 
C)  the defeat of nine Roman armies sent to suppress the revolt. 
D)  the crucifixion of 6,000 defeated rebels along the main road to Rome. 
E)  the elimination of the gladiators. 
A)  general social discontent and repeated slave revolts. 
B)  a serious revolt of Roman allies and several major cities. 
C)  the defeat of nine Roman armies sent to suppress the revolt. 
D)  the crucifixion of 6,000 defeated rebels along the main road to Rome. 
E)  the elimination of the gladiators.

Question 12

Define the following terms: latifundia

Accepted Answer

Latifundia refers to large landed estate

Question 13

The "conflict of the orders" was

Accepted Answer

A)  the war that followed the overthrow of the king. 
B)  a prolonged struggle between the patricians and plebeians. 
C)  a revolt of Roman allies. 
D)  a serious slave rebellion. 
E)  an attempt by non land owning farmers to acquire political power. 
A)  the war that followed the overthrow of the king. 
B)  a prolonged struggle between the patricians and plebeians. 
C)  a revolt of Roman allies. 
D)  a serious slave rebellion. 
E)  an attempt by non land owning farmers to acquire political power.

Question 14

Define the following terms: Latin

Accepted Answer

Latin is a classical language belonging

Question 15

Roman annexation of Carthage, Macedon, and Greece led to

Accepted Answer

A)  a dynamic expansion around the entire Mediterranean. 
B)  a significant Hellenization of Roman culture. 
C)  substantial economic growth and social dislocation. 
D)  the Roman Empire becoming a power on three continents. 
E)  All of these 
A)  a dynamic expansion around the entire Mediterranean. 
B)  a significant Hellenization of Roman culture. 
C)  substantial economic growth and social dislocation. 
D)  the Roman Empire becoming a power on three continents. 
E)  All of these

Question 16

Define the following terms: proletarii

Accepted Answer

The term "proletarii" refers to a class

Question 17

All of the following were characteristics of the Romans from origin to Republic to Empire, except they

Accepted Answer

A)  showed great open-mindedness in borrowing from other societies. 
B)  did not share citizenship with non-Romans. 
C)  enslaved whole peoples. 
D)  destroyed whole cites with little provocation. 
E)  showed great generosity to defeated peoples. 
A)  showed great open-mindedness in borrowing from other societies. 
B)  did not share citizenship with non-Romans. 
C)  enslaved whole peoples. 
D)  destroyed whole cites with little provocation. 
E)  showed great generosity to defeated peoples.

Question 18

Which of the following statements do not apply to Roman religion?

Accepted Answer

A)  In its earliest form, it was animistic. 
B)  Religion aimed at "binding" the gods to human requests. 
C)  The Roman state religion grew out of household religion. 
D)  Early Roman religion showed strong Egyptian influences. 
E)  The position of priests was opened to plebeians in 300 B.C. 
A)  In its earliest form, it was animistic. 
B)  Religion aimed at "binding" the gods to human requests. 
C)  The Roman state religion grew out of household religion. 
D)  Early Roman religion showed strong Egyptian influences. 
E)  The position of priests was opened to plebeians in 300 B.C.

Question 19

Define the following terms: Spartacus

Accepted Answer

Spartacus was a Thracian gladiator who i

Question 20

Define the following terms: orders

Accepted Answer

The term "orders" can have various meani

Exam 5: Rome, From Republic to Empire

Define the following terms: res publica

One result of Marius's military reform proposals was

Julius Caesar was known as a great general as well as Roman leader. Summarize the career and achievements of Caesar. What reforms did he introduce and why was he murdered?

Present a written portrait of Rome's government using Polybius's model of a mixed constitution. Show how this analysis of the Roman Republic is, or is not, borne out by history.

Define the following terms: the Gracchi

Referring to the chapter feature, "The Written Record: Spartacus Slave Revolt," which of the following statements is not correct?

The main goal of the Gracchi, for which they were murdered, was to

Define the following terms: druids

Define the following terms: paterfamilias

Define the following terms: Appian Way

All of the following can be associated with Spartacus's slave revolt except

Define the following terms: latifundia

The "conflict of the orders" was

Define the following terms: Latin

Roman annexation of Carthage, Macedon, and Greece led to

Define the following terms: proletarii

All of the following were characteristics of the Romans from origin to Republic to Empire, except they

Which of the following statements do not apply to Roman religion?

Define the following terms: Spartacus

Define the following terms: orders

The Ancestors of the West

The Ship, the Sword, and the Book: Western Asia, C.A 1500-400 B.C

The Greeks in the Polis to CA 350 B.C

Alexander the Great and the Spread of Greek Civilization, Ca 350-30 Bc

Imperial Rome, 31 Bc-Ad 284

The World of Late Antiquity, 284-CA 600

Early Medieval Civilizations, 600-900

The Expansion of Europe in the High Middle Ages, 900-1300

Medieval Civilization at Its Height, 900-1300

Crisis and Recovery in Late Medieval Europe, 1300-1500

The Renaissance

European Overseas Expansion to 1600

The Age of the Reformation

Europe in the Age of Religious Wars, 1560-1648

Europe in the Age of Louis Xiv, CA 1640-1715

A Revolution in Worldview

Europe on the Threshold of Modernity, CA 1715-1789

An Age of Revolution, 1789-1815

The Industrial Transformation of Europe, 1750-1850

Restoration, Reform, and Revolution, 1814-1848

Nationalism and Political Reform, 1850-1880

The Age of Optimism, 1850-1880

Imperialism and Escalating Tensions, 1880-1914

War and Revolution, 1914-1919

The Illusion of Stability, 1919-1930

The Tortured Decade, 1930-1939

The ERA of the Second World War, 1939-1949

An Anxious Stability: The Age of the Cold War, 1949-1989

A Continuing Experiment: The West and the World Since 1989

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