Question 1

Define the following terms: Evangelical

Accepted Answer

The term "Evangelical" has its roots in the Greek word "euangelion," which means "good news" or "gospel." Historically, it refers to a movement within Protestant Christianity that emphasizes the following key aspects:

1. **Biblical Authority**: Evangelicals hold the Bible as the ultimate authority in matters of faith and practice. They believe that Scripture is inspired by God and is the primary source for teaching and guiding Christians.

2. **Personal Conversion**: A central tenet of Evangelicalism is the belief in the necessity of a personal conversion experience, often referred to as being "born again." This conversion involves an individual's personal decision to accept Jesus Christ as their Savior and to commit to following Him.

3. **Jesus Christ's Atonement**: Evangelicals stress the significance of Jesus Christ's atoning sacrifice on the cross, which they believe provides the sole basis for the forgiveness of sins and reconciliation with God.

4. **Evangelism and Mission**: The movement is characterized by a strong emphasis on evangelism—the sharing of the Christian gospel with others—and missionary work, with the aim of spreading the Christian faith.

5. **Active Expression of Faith**: Evangelicals are known for their active expression of faith through worship, prayer, and participation in church life. They also often engage in social activism and charitable work as an outgrowth of their faith.

6. **Importance of Community**: While personal faith is central, Evangelicals also value the role of the church community in the life of believers. They often encourage fellowship, discipleship, and accountability within the body of believers.

It's important to note that Evangelicalism is diverse and encompasses a wide range of denominations, independent churches, and organizations. It is not confined to any single denomination or tradition within Christianity, and its adherents can be found across the globe, with varying cultural expressions and theological emphases.

Question 2

Summarize the course of the Reformation in England, from the matrimonial problems of Henry VIII to the imposition of Protestantism in its Anglican form by Elizabeth.

Accepted Answer

The roles of Henry, Cranmer, and Cromwell should be discussed, as well as Mary's return to Catholicism and the policies of Elizabeth. The chapter does not mention her persecution of Catholics and other religious dissenters (she killed many more people than "Bloody Mary"), but it does refer to lack of enthusiasm among the English for the new religion.

Question 3

Define the following terms: Augsburg Confession

Accepted Answer

The Augsburg Confession is a foundational document of Lutheranism and one of the most important in the history of Protestantism. It was presented by a group of German rulers and free cities at the Diet of Augsburg on June 25, 1530, to Emperor Charles V. The document was written by Philip Melanchthon, a close collaborator of Martin Luther, although Luther himself could not be present at the Diet due to an imperial ban.

The Augsburg Confession consists of 28 articles that outline the basic tenets of Lutheran belief. The first 21 articles detail the theological positions of the reformers on issues such as the nature of God, original sin, the role of Christ, justification by faith, the use of the sacraments, and the church's public worship. These articles were intended to demonstrate that the Lutheran faith was in continuity with the historical Christian faith and the teachings of the early church, as well as to show that the Lutherans did not hold radical beliefs that would threaten the political order.

The remaining seven articles address abuses that the reformers felt had crept into the Roman Catholic Church, including issues such as the requirement of clerical celibacy, the Mass, and the jurisdiction of the bishops. The Augsburg Confession was intended to be a statement of faith that could serve as a basis for unity within the Christian church, and it sought to find common ground with the Roman Catholic authorities.

The Augsburg Confession became the primary confession of faith for the Lutheran Church and has been used as a basis for ecumenical discussions and dialogues with other Christian denominations. It is considered a classic statement of the Reformation's central beliefs and has had a profound influence on Protestant theology and the development of Christian doctrine.

Question 4

Survey the main elements of the Catholic reform movement, the long tradition of moral reform, the new religious orders, mysticism, the development of the baroque, and the importance of the Council of Trent.

Accepted Answer

The formulation of the questio

Question 5

Define the following terms: Saint Filippo Neri

Accepted Answer

Saint Filippo Neri, also known as Philip

Question 6

Define the following terms: Anabaptists

Accepted Answer

Anabaptists are a Christian movement tha

Question 7

Define the following terms: Act of Supremacy

Accepted Answer

The Act of Supremacy refers to legislati

Question 8

Explain the confessionalization of religion during the Reformation and Counter-Reformation.

Accepted Answer

Students should show an apprec

Question 9

Referring to El Greco's The Burial of the Count de Orgaz , how does the painting express the Christian understanding of death?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no need for a clergy to assist the soul to heaven as he must have lived a good life. 
B)  The body lies on a podium without any religious symbols. 
C)  There are no symbols from heaven, meaning the soul is now alone as it rises into heaven. 
D)  The knight's spirit is seen in a submissive pose in the background as it leaves it earthly realm. 
E)  Important saints are symbolically acting on the soul's admission into heaven. 
A)  There is no need for a clergy to assist the soul to heaven as he must have lived a good life. 
B)  The body lies on a podium without any religious symbols. 
C)  There are no symbols from heaven, meaning the soul is now alone as it rises into heaven. 
D)  The knight's spirit is seen in a submissive pose in the background as it leaves it earthly realm. 
E)  Important saints are symbolically acting on the soul's admission into heaven.

Question 10

Referring to the chapter feature, "The Visual Record: A Reformation Woodcut," how is the image of the wife and women not depicted?

Accepted Answer

A)  Overall, the woodcut symbolizes the social, religious, and political turmoil of the time. 
B)  The woodcut as a whole emphasizes the fears by many who saw women as potentially rebellious. 
C)  Henpecked husbands were shown doing womanly chores. 
D)  Symbolically, a religious figure is seen giving special power to the man. 
E)  Women were depicted carrying purses, swords, and her husband's pants. 
A)  Overall, the woodcut symbolizes the social, religious, and political turmoil of the time. 
B)  The woodcut as a whole emphasizes the fears by many who saw women as potentially rebellious. 
C)  Henpecked husbands were shown doing womanly chores. 
D)  Symbolically, a religious figure is seen giving special power to the man. 
E)  Women were depicted carrying purses, swords, and her husband's pants.

Question 11

Define the following terms: Kingdom of Righteousness

Accepted Answer

The term "Kingdom of Righteousness" is n

Question 12

How did the religious ideas of Zwingli differ from those of Luther? What consequences did they have?

Accepted Answer

Essays should mention Zwingli's emphasis

Question 13

The founder of the Reformation, Martin Luther, originally was

Accepted Answer

A)  a famous Catholic cardinal. 
B)  an obscure German theology professor deeply troubled about his own salvation. 
C)  the author of The Institutes of the Christian Religion , confident of his own "election." 
D)  a revolutionary Anabaptist. 
E)  a former knight-soldier. 
A)  a famous Catholic cardinal. 
B)  an obscure German theology professor deeply troubled about his own salvation. 
C)  the author of The Institutes of the Christian Religion , confident of his own "election." 
D)  a revolutionary Anabaptist. 
E)  a former knight-soldier.

Question 14

Which of the following was fundamental to the religious reform movement of the Reformation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Emphasis was placed on the community of worshippers. 
B)  Individual belief replaced religious participation. 
C)  Correct doctrine and orderliness in personal behavior was pursued. 
D)  State power was the source of religious reform. 
E)  Inquisitions were organized in the pursuit of reform. 
A)  Emphasis was placed on the community of worshippers. 
B)  Individual belief replaced religious participation. 
C)  Correct doctrine and orderliness in personal behavior was pursued. 
D)  State power was the source of religious reform. 
E)  Inquisitions were organized in the pursuit of reform.

Question 15

Which of the following was not a challenge facing Emperor Charles V as he attempted to create a universal empire?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spanish rebellion against foreign officials appointed by Charles V 
B)  The state of German religious reforms 
C)  Direct conflict with the Valois kings of France 
D)  The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis 
E)  Attacks from the Turks 
A)  Spanish rebellion against foreign officials appointed by Charles V 
B)  The state of German religious reforms 
C)  Direct conflict with the Valois kings of France 
D)  The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis 
E)  Attacks from the Turks

Question 16

Religious brotherhoods

Accepted Answer

A)  were predominately a rural practice. 
B)  excluded banks and guilds 
C)  prohibited public displays. 
D)  required peaceful and charitable relations with fellow members. 
E)  did not have any formalized religious schedules or attendance policies. 
A)  were predominately a rural practice. 
B)  excluded banks and guilds 
C)  prohibited public displays. 
D)  required peaceful and charitable relations with fellow members. 
E)  did not have any formalized religious schedules or attendance policies.

Question 17

Define the following terms: Palestrina

Accepted Answer

Palestrina refers to Giovanni Pierluigi

Question 18

Initially dubbed "defender of the faith" for his hostility to Luther, Henry VIII finally broke with the Catholic Church because

Accepted Answer

A)  his wife, Catherine, wanted an annulment so she could marry someone else. 
B)  he became a convinced Lutheran. 
C)  the pope excommunicated him for adultery. 
D)  he was determined to remarry despite papal refusal for an annulment. 
E)  of his political problems with the Holy Roman emperor, Charles V. 
A)  his wife, Catherine, wanted an annulment so she could marry someone else. 
B)  he became a convinced Lutheran. 
C)  the pope excommunicated him for adultery. 
D)  he was determined to remarry despite papal refusal for an annulment. 
E)  of his political problems with the Holy Roman emperor, Charles V.

Question 19

In the late Middle Ages

Accepted Answer

A)  some women with a reputation for sanctity exercised a profound moral authority in society. 
B)  convents probably outnumbered monasteries. 
C)  independent communities of religious women, the Beguines, were suspected of heresy. 
D)  moralists denounced the dumping of women into convents. 
E)  All of these 
A)  some women with a reputation for sanctity exercised a profound moral authority in society. 
B)  convents probably outnumbered monasteries. 
C)  independent communities of religious women, the Beguines, were suspected of heresy. 
D)  moralists denounced the dumping of women into convents. 
E)  All of these

Question 20

Define the following terms: Index of Prohibited Books

Accepted Answer

The Index of Prohibited Books, also know

Exam 14: The Age of the Reformation

Define the following terms: Evangelical

Summarize the course of the Reformation in England, from the matrimonial problems of Henry VIII to the imposition of Protestantism in its Anglican form by Elizabeth.

Define the following terms: Augsburg Confession

Survey the main elements of the Catholic reform movement, the long tradition of moral reform, the new religious orders, mysticism, the development of the baroque, and the importance of the Council of Trent.

Define the following terms: Saint Filippo Neri

Define the following terms: Anabaptists

Define the following terms: Act of Supremacy

Explain the confessionalization of religion during the Reformation and Counter-Reformation.

Referring to El Greco's The Burial of the Count de Orgaz , how does the painting express the Christian understanding of death?

Referring to the chapter feature, "The Visual Record: A Reformation Woodcut," how is the image of the wife and women not depicted?

Define the following terms: Kingdom of Righteousness

How did the religious ideas of Zwingli differ from those of Luther? What consequences did they have?

The founder of the Reformation, Martin Luther, originally was

Which of the following was fundamental to the religious reform movement of the Reformation?

Which of the following was not a challenge facing Emperor Charles V as he attempted to create a universal empire?

Religious brotherhoods

Define the following terms: Palestrina

Initially dubbed "defender of the faith" for his hostility to Luther, Henry VIII finally broke with the Catholic Church because

In the late Middle Ages

Define the following terms: Index of Prohibited Books

The Ancestors of the West

The Ship, the Sword, and the Book: Western Asia, C.A 1500-400 B.C

The Greeks in the Polis to CA 350 B.C

Alexander the Great and the Spread of Greek Civilization, Ca 350-30 Bc

Rome, From Republic to Empire

Imperial Rome, 31 Bc-Ad 284

The World of Late Antiquity, 284-CA 600

Early Medieval Civilizations, 600-900

The Expansion of Europe in the High Middle Ages, 900-1300

Medieval Civilization at Its Height, 900-1300

Crisis and Recovery in Late Medieval Europe, 1300-1500

The Renaissance

European Overseas Expansion to 1600

Europe in the Age of Religious Wars, 1560-1648

Europe in the Age of Louis Xiv, CA 1640-1715

A Revolution in Worldview

Europe on the Threshold of Modernity, CA 1715-1789

An Age of Revolution, 1789-1815

The Industrial Transformation of Europe, 1750-1850

Restoration, Reform, and Revolution, 1814-1848

Nationalism and Political Reform, 1850-1880

The Age of Optimism, 1850-1880

Imperialism and Escalating Tensions, 1880-1914

War and Revolution, 1914-1919

The Illusion of Stability, 1919-1930

The Tortured Decade, 1930-1939

The ERA of the Second World War, 1939-1949

An Anxious Stability: The Age of the Cold War, 1949-1989

A Continuing Experiment: The West and the World Since 1989

Filters