Exam 3: Learning Theories: Past and Present

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Calling a student's parents after misbehavior is an example of a:

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Create a chart detailing the major elements of behaviorism (punishers, reinforcers, etc.) and how they relate to one another.

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Behaviorism is a psychological theory that focuses on observable behaviors and how they are influenced by the environment. The major elements of behaviorism include punishers, reinforcers, and stimuli, and they all relate to one another in shaping and modifying behavior.

Punishers are stimuli that decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again. They can be positive, such as adding an unpleasant stimulus, or negative, such as removing a pleasant stimulus. Punishers are used to discourage unwanted behaviors and can include things like reprimands, time-outs, or fines.

Reinforcers, on the other hand, are stimuli that increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring again. They can also be positive, such as giving a reward or praise, or negative, such as removing an unpleasant stimulus. Reinforcers are used to encourage desired behaviors and can include things like treats, privileges, or praise.

Stimuli are the environmental cues or triggers that elicit a response from an individual. These can be both internal and external, and they play a crucial role in shaping behavior. For example, a person may learn to associate the sight of food with feeling hungry, leading to the behavior of seeking out and eating food.

These elements of behaviorism are all interconnected in shaping and modifying behavior. Punishers and reinforcers are used to either discourage or encourage specific behaviors, and stimuli play a role in triggering these behaviors. By understanding and manipulating these elements, behaviorists can effectively modify and shape behavior in individuals and even animals. This understanding of behaviorism has practical applications in areas such as education, therapy, and animal training.

Behavioral theory is based around the work of:

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Design a diagram that compares and contrasts at least two learning theories with each other.

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Students working hard in response to the reinforcer of good grades is an example of responding to:

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Constructivism is based on the theories of:

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The idea that information is stored in networks, or packets, rather than in discreet pieces, is known as:

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In information process, the ____________________ filters all the information collected by our senses.

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A ____________________ is the application of a positive consequence that is needed for survival.

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____________________ is knowledge about facts or things.

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One theory that has fallen out of favor and is based on developing student motor skills is:

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What should the role of theory be in guiding practice in special education? Provide examples to support your claim.

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The withholding of reinforcement for all behaviors is known as____________________.

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Describe a type of student that might benefit from interventions based on behavioral theory. Why would these interventions be appropriate for him or her?

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____________________ is a person's belief about what they are capable of doing.

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Create a lesson plan built around the idea of "chunking" information about a subject which you plan on teaching.

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Executive functioning is most similar to which concept?

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What is schema theory? Give examples from your experience that support its use in explaining learning and teaching.

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Compare and contrast cognitive theory with constructivism in terms of special education. In what ways are they similar and in what ways do they differ?

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Teaching by grouping information together through common associations is known as ____________________.

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