Question 1

Habituation is defined as a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrement in response to a stimulus following repeated presentation of a different stimulus 
B)  increment in response to a stimulus following repeated presentation of a different stimulus 
C)  decrement in response to a stimulus following repeated presentation of the same stimulus 
D)  generalized loss of response to a variety of stimuli that appear to be irrelevant 
A)  decrement in response to a stimulus following repeated presentation of a different stimulus 
B)  increment in response to a stimulus following repeated presentation of a different stimulus 
C)  decrement in response to a stimulus following repeated presentation of the same stimulus 
D)  generalized loss of response to a variety of stimuli that appear to be irrelevant

Question 2

What are the two models of memory development? Briefly describe each.

Accepted Answer

The two models are the neuroanatomical m

Question 3

Fetuses as young as ________ can habituate to an auditory stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  11 weeks of gestation 
B)  33 weeks of gestation 
C)  22 weeks of gestation 
D)  37 weeks of gestation 
A)  11 weeks of gestation 
B)  33 weeks of gestation 
C)  22 weeks of gestation 
D)  37 weeks of gestation

Question 4

As people get older, the structure of the brain itself changes as the brain shrinks in size and the ventricles become larger; however, different parts of the brain shrink at different rates: the ________ shrink more quickly, while the ________ shrink more slowly.

Accepted Answer

A)  occipital lobes; the frontal lobes 
B)  frontal lobes; the temporal and occipital lobes 
C)  parietal lobes; the frontal lobes 
D)  frontal lobes; the parietal 
A)  occipital lobes; the frontal lobes 
B)  frontal lobes; the temporal and occipital lobes 
C)  parietal lobes; the frontal lobes 
D)  frontal lobes; the parietal

Question 5

How does the development of rehearsal strategies help an individual maintain material in short-term memory and also helps form sufficiently durable traces for recall following a delay?

Accepted Answer

Children learn to rehearse quite young,

Question 6

What characterizes memory development in infancy? Explain in detail.

Accepted Answer

Memory development in infancy is charact

Question 7

The changes in working memory performance across childhood are likely the result of structural changes in the brain; in particular, working memory is supported by a distributed network of brain regions, including ________ in both adults and children.

Accepted Answer

A)  prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices as well as primary cortical areas 
B)  the basal ganglia and posterior parietal cortices as well as primary cortical areas 
C)  the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices as well as the basal ganglia 
D)  the hippocampus and surrounding cortical areas 
A)  prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices as well as primary cortical areas 
B)  the basal ganglia and posterior parietal cortices as well as primary cortical areas 
C)  the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices as well as the basal ganglia 
D)  the hippocampus and surrounding cortical areas

Question 8

Hartshorn and Rovee-Collier developed a train task because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  it allows to study infantile amnesia 
B)  it tests skill development at an early stage 
C)  it is similar to the mobile task but appropriate across different cultures 
D)  it is similar to the mobile task but appropriate for older infants 
A)  it allows to study infantile amnesia 
B)  it tests skill development at an early stage 
C)  it is similar to the mobile task but appropriate across different cultures 
D)  it is similar to the mobile task but appropriate for older infants

Question 9

What is fast mapping and what does it help us understand?

Accepted Answer

Fast mapping was first described by Care

Question 10

In the mobile conjugate reinforcement paradigm, infants learn to kick their legs to produce movement in a mobile. After a delay, the ribbon tied to the infant's leg ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  does not affect the movement of the mobile and if the infant kicks at the same kick rate as in the previous learning phase, then memory can be inferred 
B)  affects the movement of the mobile and if the infant kicks at the same kick rate as in the previous learning phase, then memory can be inferred 
C)  and the mobile moves independently driven by an motor, inducing the infant to stop kicking 
D)  does not affect the movement of the mobile and if the infant kicks at higher kick rate than in the previous learning phase, then memory can be inferred 
A)  does not affect the movement of the mobile and if the infant kicks at the same kick rate as in the previous learning phase, then memory can be inferred 
B)  affects the movement of the mobile and if the infant kicks at the same kick rate as in the previous learning phase, then memory can be inferred 
C)  and the mobile moves independently driven by an motor, inducing the infant to stop kicking 
D)  does not affect the movement of the mobile and if the infant kicks at higher kick rate than in the previous learning phase, then memory can be inferred

Question 11

The Extended Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (ERBMT) is comprised of nine components: remembering the names of two people, remembering the location of two hidden objects, remembering an appointment, recognizing a picture, remembering a newspaper article, recognizing a face, remembering a new route with immediate and delayed recall, delivering two messages, and remembering the current date. Results showed that older adults performed significantly worse on every item on the test except for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  remembering the newspaper story 
B)  recognizing a face 
C)  remembering the current date 
D)  recognizing a picture 
A)  remembering the newspaper story 
B)  recognizing a face 
C)  remembering the current date 
D)  recognizing a picture

Question 12

According to the ecological model of memory development, infant memory processes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are essentially the same as those of older individuals; however, the demands of different ecological niches lead infants to attend to and encode different information than older individuals 
B)  cannot be studied outside their natural environment, i.e., the family 
C)  are under the strong influence of the specific type of socio-economic environment in which the child is raised 
D)  are fundamentally different from those of older individuals 
A)  are essentially the same as those of older individuals; however, the demands of different ecological niches lead infants to attend to and encode different information than older individuals 
B)  cannot be studied outside their natural environment, i.e., the family 
C)  are under the strong influence of the specific type of socio-economic environment in which the child is raised 
D)  are fundamentally different from those of older individuals

Question 13

Fast mapping was first described by Carey and Bartlett (1978) to describe the way in which two-year-olds can learn ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  to navigate a new location following a brief exposure to it 
B)  to interact with a new person following a single brief exposure 
C)  a new word following a single brief exposure to correlated words 
D)  to remember where something is hidden after a single exposure to the act of hiding the item 
A)  to navigate a new location following a brief exposure to it 
B)  to interact with a new person following a single brief exposure 
C)  a new word following a single brief exposure to correlated words 
D)  to remember where something is hidden after a single exposure to the act of hiding the item

Question 14

What have habituation, exposure learning, and high-amplitude sucking paradigms revealed about the memories of fetuses?

Accepted Answer

Habituation research has shown that fetu

Question 15

Cowan (1992) found that older children have faster speaking rates because ________, and they have better recall because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  they speak faster; they are talking faster 
B)  they take shorter pauses between words; they have more time to rehearse due to needing less time to perform memory searches 
C)  they speak faster; they have more time to rehearse due to needing less time to perform memory searches 
D)  they take shorter pauses between words; they are talking faster 
A)  they speak faster; they are talking faster 
B)  they take shorter pauses between words; they have more time to rehearse due to needing less time to perform memory searches 
C)  they speak faster; they have more time to rehearse due to needing less time to perform memory searches 
D)  they take shorter pauses between words; they are talking faster

Question 16

Hartshorn et al. (1998) found that the duration of memory for the conditioned task ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased more and more steeply with age during infancy and toddlerhood 
B)  increased more slowly with age during infancy and toddlerhood 
C)  initially increased and later decreased with age during infancy and toddlerhood, producing a "U" curve 
D)  increased steadily with age and concluded that memory improves at a fairly constant rate during infancy and toddlerhood 
A)  increased more and more steeply with age during infancy and toddlerhood 
B)  increased more slowly with age during infancy and toddlerhood 
C)  initially increased and later decreased with age during infancy and toddlerhood, producing a "U" curve 
D)  increased steadily with age and concluded that memory improves at a fairly constant rate during infancy and toddlerhood

Question 17

Reynolds and Rovee-Collier (2005) predicted that the older infants would retain the association learned in the preconditioning protocol for a longer time, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  and this was confirmed by their experiments 
B)  but found that the 6-month-old infants showed no sign of ever developing the association 
C)  but found that the 9-month-old infants showed no sign of ever developing the association 
D)  but found that the 12-month-old infants showed no sign of ever developing the association 
A)  and this was confirmed by their experiments 
B)  but found that the 6-month-old infants showed no sign of ever developing the association 
C)  but found that the 9-month-old infants showed no sign of ever developing the association 
D)  but found that the 12-month-old infants showed no sign of ever developing the association

Question 18

Using a pressure-sensitive pacifier protocol, infants sometimes had to change the pause between sucks to get the recording to switch to their own mother's voice. DeCasper and Fifer (1980) found that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  newborn infants who were three days old stopped sucking entirely in order to hear their own mother's voice 
B)  newborn infants who were three days old were able to alter their sucking in order to hear their own mother's voice 
C)  newborn infants who were at least three months old stopped sucking entirely in order to hear their own mother's voice 
D)  newborn infants who were at least three months old, but not earlier, were able to alter their sucking in order to hear their own mother's voice 
A)  newborn infants who were three days old stopped sucking entirely in order to hear their own mother's voice 
B)  newborn infants who were three days old were able to alter their sucking in order to hear their own mother's voice 
C)  newborn infants who were at least three months old stopped sucking entirely in order to hear their own mother's voice 
D)  newborn infants who were at least three months old, but not earlier, were able to alter their sucking in order to hear their own mother's voice

Question 19

What characterizes memory in childhood? Explain in detail.

Accepted Answer

Memory in childhood is characterized by

Question 20

What characterizes implicit memory in children?

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory does not appear to chang

Habituation is defined as a ________.

What are the two models of memory development? Briefly describe each.

Fetuses as young as ________ can habituate to an auditory stimulus.

As people get older, the structure of the brain itself changes as the brain shrinks in size and the ventricles become larger; however, different parts of the brain shrink at different rates: the shrink more quickly, while the shrink more slowly.

How does the development of rehearsal strategies help an individual maintain material in short-term memory and also helps form sufficiently durable traces for recall following a delay?

What characterizes memory development in infancy? Explain in detail.

The changes in working memory performance across childhood are likely the result of structural changes in the brain; in particular, working memory is supported by a distributed network of brain regions, including ________ in both adults and children.

Hartshorn and Rovee-Collier developed a train task because ________.

What is fast mapping and what does it help us understand?

In the mobile conjugate reinforcement paradigm, infants learn to kick their legs to produce movement in a mobile. After a delay, the ribbon tied to the infant's leg ________.

According to the ecological model of memory development, infant memory processes ________.

Fast mapping was first described by Carey and Bartlett (1978) to describe the way in which two-year-olds can learn ________.

What have habituation, exposure learning, and high-amplitude sucking paradigms revealed about the memories of fetuses?

Cowan (1992) found that older children have faster speaking rates because , and they have better recall because .

Hartshorn et al. (1998) found that the duration of memory for the conditioned task ________.

Reynolds and Rovee-Collier (2005) predicted that the older infants would retain the association learned in the preconditioning protocol for a longer time, ________.

Using a pressure-sensitive pacifier protocol, infants sometimes had to change the pause between sucks to get the recording to switch to their own mother's voice. DeCasper and Fifer (1980) found that ________.

What characterizes memory in childhood? Explain in detail.

What characterizes implicit memory in children?

The Study of Memory

Sensory Persistence and Information Persistence

Short-Term Memory and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Explicit and Implicit Memory

Episodic Memory and Autobiographical Memory

Generic Memory

Forgetting

Memory and Our Social Selves

Memory and the Law

Memory and the Marketplace

Memory, the Body, and Health

Exceptional Memory, Mnemonics, and Expertise

Filters

Exam 9: Memory Across the Lifespan

Habituation is defined as a ________.

What are the two models of memory development? Briefly describe each.

Fetuses as young as ________ can habituate to an auditory stimulus.

As people get older, the structure of the brain itself changes as the brain shrinks in size and the ventricles become larger; however, different parts of the brain shrink at different rates: the ________ shrink more quickly, while the ________ shrink more slowly.

How does the development of rehearsal strategies help an individual maintain material in short-term memory and also helps form sufficiently durable traces for recall following a delay?

What characterizes memory development in infancy? Explain in detail.

The changes in working memory performance across childhood are likely the result of structural changes in the brain; in particular, working memory is supported by a distributed network of brain regions, including ________ in both adults and children.

Hartshorn and Rovee-Collier developed a train task because ________.

What is fast mapping and what does it help us understand?

In the mobile conjugate reinforcement paradigm, infants learn to kick their legs to produce movement in a mobile. After a delay, the ribbon tied to the infant's leg ________.

According to the ecological model of memory development, infant memory processes ________.

Fast mapping was first described by Carey and Bartlett (1978) to describe the way in which two-year-olds can learn ________.

What have habituation, exposure learning, and high-amplitude sucking paradigms revealed about the memories of fetuses?

Cowan (1992) found that older children have faster speaking rates because ________, and they have better recall because ________.

Hartshorn et al. (1998) found that the duration of memory for the conditioned task ________.

Reynolds and Rovee-Collier (2005) predicted that the older infants would retain the association learned in the preconditioning protocol for a longer time, ________.

Using a pressure-sensitive pacifier protocol, infants sometimes had to change the pause between sucks to get the recording to switch to their own mother's voice. DeCasper and Fifer (1980) found that ________.

What characterizes memory in childhood? Explain in detail.

What characterizes implicit memory in children?

The Study of Memory

Sensory Persistence and Information Persistence

Short-Term Memory and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Explicit and Implicit Memory

Episodic Memory and Autobiographical Memory

Generic Memory

Forgetting

Memory and Our Social Selves

Memory and the Law

Memory and the Marketplace

Memory, the Body, and Health

Exceptional Memory, Mnemonics, and Expertise

Filters

As people get older, the structure of the brain itself changes as the brain shrinks in size and the ventricles become larger; however, different parts of the brain shrink at different rates: the shrink more quickly, while the shrink more slowly.

Cowan (1992) found that older children have faster speaking rates because , and they have better recall because .