Question 1

________ is not a type of long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  Working memory 
B)  Explicit memory 
C)  Episodic memory 
D)  Autobiographical memory 
A)  Working memory 
B)  Explicit memory 
C)  Episodic memory 
D)  Autobiographical memory

Question 2

The stability-plasticity dilemma ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  explains why synapses can be both stable and plastic 
B)  a question related to the two primary functions of LTM: to retain specific episodes and to extract general patterns 
C)  explains why neurons can be both stable and plastic 
D)  explains how memory has evolved in the presence of a quasi-stable genome 
A)  explains why synapses can be both stable and plastic 
B)  a question related to the two primary functions of LTM: to retain specific episodes and to extract general patterns 
C)  explains why neurons can be both stable and plastic 
D)  explains how memory has evolved in the presence of a quasi-stable genome

Question 3

What is the link between sleep and memory?

Accepted Answer

A possible answer to the question of why

Question 4

In the context of Bliss and Lømo 1973 experiment, a "tetanus" is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a serious disease 
B)  a single, strong, brief electrical stimulation 
C)  a drug injection that causes a strong muscular contraction 
D)  a burst lasting 15 seconds of high-frequency electrical pulses 
A)  a serious disease 
B)  a single, strong, brief electrical stimulation 
C)  a drug injection that causes a strong muscular contraction 
D)  a burst lasting 15 seconds of high-frequency electrical pulses

Question 5

In multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA), researchers ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  first collect fMRI data from several instances of the same cognitive event, then a computer program compares the voxel (tridimensional pixel) activity across the different instances of the same event to find patterns 
B)  first collect fMRI data from a single instance of a cognitive event, then a computer program compares the voxel (tridimensional pixel) activity to find patterns 
C)  first collect fMRI data from several instances of the same cognitive event, then a computer program compares the voxel (tridimensional pixel) activity across the different instances of the same event to find lack of patterns 
D)  conduct brain imaging technique that allows recording in free-moving animals 
A)  first collect fMRI data from several instances of the same cognitive event, then a computer program compares the voxel (tridimensional pixel) activity across the different instances of the same event to find patterns 
B)  first collect fMRI data from a single instance of a cognitive event, then a computer program compares the voxel (tridimensional pixel) activity to find patterns 
C)  first collect fMRI data from several instances of the same cognitive event, then a computer program compares the voxel (tridimensional pixel) activity across the different instances of the same event to find lack of patterns 
D)  conduct brain imaging technique that allows recording in free-moving animals

Question 6

After surgery, H.M. could not presumably ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  remember his first day in school 
B)  recognize a doctor he met the previous day 
C)  recognize an old friend from elementary school 
D)  learn to read in a mirror 
A)  remember his first day in school 
B)  recognize a doctor he met the previous day 
C)  recognize an old friend from elementary school 
D)  learn to read in a mirror

Question 7

H.M.'s memories formed more than a few years before his surgery ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  were severely reduced 
B)  were potentiated 
C)  were not affected 
D)  lost their emotional context 
A)  were severely reduced 
B)  were potentiated 
C)  were not affected 
D)  lost their emotional context

Question 8

The ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) activity is typical of the ________ of sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)  stage 1 
B)  stage 2 
C)  stage 3 
D)  REM stage 
A)  stage 1 
B)  stage 2 
C)  stage 3 
D)  REM stage

Question 9

Evidence of consolidation comes from experiments that demonstrated that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  interventions can impair memory, but only when the interventions are administered a long time after new learning 
B)  interventions can impair memory, but only when the interventions are administered shortly after new learning 
C)  interventions can impair memory, but only when the interventions are administered before new learning 
D)  memories are consolidated only if they cannot be erased under any circumstances 
A)  interventions can impair memory, but only when the interventions are administered a long time after new learning 
B)  interventions can impair memory, but only when the interventions are administered shortly after new learning 
C)  interventions can impair memory, but only when the interventions are administered before new learning 
D)  memories are consolidated only if they cannot be erased under any circumstances

Question 10

According to the two-stage model of memory, consciousness is lost during sleep ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  to save metabolic energy 
B)  to allow rest in certain areas of the brain 
C)  because consciousness would interfere with dreaming 
D)  because the same processes needed for reactivation are also used to process incoming stimuli 
A)  to save metabolic energy 
B)  to allow rest in certain areas of the brain 
C)  because consciousness would interfere with dreaming 
D)  because the same processes needed for reactivation are also used to process incoming stimuli

Question 11

In Fischer and Born's study (2009), when subjects had to learn a two finger-sequence tapping task, performance was enhanced ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  by knowing that one will be tested later 
B)  only by promise of monetary reward 
C)  only by sleep 
D)  by the combination of sleep and the promise of monetary reward 
A)  by knowing that one will be tested later 
B)  only by promise of monetary reward 
C)  only by sleep 
D)  by the combination of sleep and the promise of monetary reward

Question 12

The results of the water maze experiment conducted by Morris et al. (1986) demonstrate that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  NMDA receptor functioning is critical for spatial memory 
B)  NMDA receptor functioning is unnecessary for spatial memory 
C)  AMPA receptor functioning is critical for spatial memory 
D)  AMPA receptor functioning is unnecessary for spatial memory 
A)  NMDA receptor functioning is critical for spatial memory 
B)  NMDA receptor functioning is unnecessary for spatial memory 
C)  AMPA receptor functioning is critical for spatial memory 
D)  AMPA receptor functioning is unnecessary for spatial memory

Question 13

The central idea of Hebb's model for memory storage is that simultaneous ________ of nearby neurons leads to a ________ of their synaptic connections.

Accepted Answer

A)  activity; weakening 
B)  activity; strengthening 
C)  inactivity; strengthening 
D)  inactivity; weakening 
A)  activity; weakening 
B)  activity; strengthening 
C)  inactivity; strengthening 
D)  inactivity; weakening

Question 14

The crucial cognitive deficit of H.M. after his surgery was ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  he lost the ability to form new explicit memories 
B)  he lost the ability to form new implicit memories 
C)  he could speak but it could not write 
D)  he lost the use of spoken language but retained the written language 
A)  he lost the ability to form new explicit memories 
B)  he lost the ability to form new implicit memories 
C)  he could speak but it could not write 
D)  he lost the use of spoken language but retained the written language

Question 15

What is long-term memory? What are three examples of types of long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

A long-term memory is enduring, and in t

Question 16

The perforant path is the connection between ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  CA1 and CA3 in the hippocampus 
B)  the entorhinal cortex and the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus 
C)  CA1 and the subiculum in the hippocampus 
D)  the dentate gyrus and the entorhinal cortex in the hippocampus 
A)  CA1 and CA3 in the hippocampus 
B)  the entorhinal cortex and the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus 
C)  CA1 and the subiculum in the hippocampus 
D)  the dentate gyrus and the entorhinal cortex in the hippocampus

Question 17

What are the main conclusions from a lifetime of observations on H.M.?

Accepted Answer

Conclusions can be summarized as follows

Question 18

The results from Polyn et al. (2005) suggest that successful, intentional retrieval of information involves ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  configuring brain activity into a uniquely different state that it was in during encoding 
B)  configuring brain activity into the same state that it was in during encoding, but only after one night of sleep 
C)  configuring brain activity into the same state that it was in during encoding, but only if protein synthesis inhibitors were injected in the hippocampus 
D)  configuring brain activity into the same state that it was in during encoding 
A)  configuring brain activity into a uniquely different state that it was in during encoding 
B)  configuring brain activity into the same state that it was in during encoding, but only after one night of sleep 
C)  configuring brain activity into the same state that it was in during encoding, but only if protein synthesis inhibitors were injected in the hippocampus 
D)  configuring brain activity into the same state that it was in during encoding

Question 19

The multiple-trace model suggests that ________, whereas the two-stage model suggests that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  context-free memories are stored in the neocortex; context-free memories are stored together with episodic memories 
B)  context-free memories are stored in the hippocampus; context-free memories are stored together with episodic memories 
C)  only context-free memories are stored outside of the hippocampus; all episodic memories remain in the hippocampus 
D)  only episodic memories are stored outside of the hippocampus; context-free memories remain in the hippocampus 
A)  context-free memories are stored in the neocortex; context-free memories are stored together with episodic memories 
B)  context-free memories are stored in the hippocampus; context-free memories are stored together with episodic memories 
C)  only context-free memories are stored outside of the hippocampus; all episodic memories remain in the hippocampus 
D)  only episodic memories are stored outside of the hippocampus; context-free memories remain in the hippocampus

Question 20

________ on both sides of brain was removed during H.M.'s surgery, leading to his deficits.

Accepted Answer

A)  The frontal lobes 
B)  The occipital cortex 
C)  The medial temporal lobe 
D)  The parietal cortex 
A)  The frontal lobes 
B)  The occipital cortex 
C)  The medial temporal lobe 
D)  The parietal cortex

________ is not a type of long-term memory.

The stability-plasticity dilemma ________.

What is the link between sleep and memory?

In the context of Bliss and Lømo 1973 experiment, a "tetanus" is ________.

In multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA), researchers ________.

After surgery, H.M. could not presumably ________.

H.M.'s memories formed more than a few years before his surgery ________.

The ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) activity is typical of the ________ of sleep.

Evidence of consolidation comes from experiments that demonstrated that ________.

According to the two-stage model of memory, consciousness is lost during sleep ________.

In Fischer and Born's study (2009), when subjects had to learn a two finger-sequence tapping task, performance was enhanced ________.

The results of the water maze experiment conducted by Morris et al. (1986) demonstrate that ________.

The central idea of Hebb's model for memory storage is that simultaneous of nearby neurons leads to a of their synaptic connections.

The crucial cognitive deficit of H.M. after his surgery was ________.

What is long-term memory? What are three examples of types of long-term memory?

The perforant path is the connection between ________.

What are the main conclusions from a lifetime of observations on H.M.?

The results from Polyn et al. (2005) suggest that successful, intentional retrieval of information involves ________.

The multiple-trace model suggests that , whereas the two-stage model suggests that .

________ on both sides of brain was removed during H.M.'s surgery, leading to his deficits.

The Study of Memory

Sensory Persistence and Information Persistence

Short-Term Memory and Working Memory

Explicit and Implicit Memory

Episodic Memory and Autobiographical Memory

Generic Memory

Forgetting

Memory Across the Lifespan

Memory and Our Social Selves

Memory and the Law

Memory and the Marketplace

Memory, the Body, and Health

Exceptional Memory, Mnemonics, and Expertise

Filters

Exam 4: Long-Term Memory

________ is not a type of long-term memory.

The stability-plasticity dilemma ________.

What is the link between sleep and memory?

In the context of Bliss and Lømo 1973 experiment, a "tetanus" is ________.

In multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA), researchers ________.

After surgery, H.M. could not presumably ________.

H.M.'s memories formed more than a few years before his surgery ________.

The ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) activity is typical of the ________ of sleep.

Evidence of consolidation comes from experiments that demonstrated that ________.

According to the two-stage model of memory, consciousness is lost during sleep ________.

In Fischer and Born's study (2009), when subjects had to learn a two finger-sequence tapping task, performance was enhanced ________.

The results of the water maze experiment conducted by Morris et al. (1986) demonstrate that ________.

The central idea of Hebb's model for memory storage is that simultaneous ________ of nearby neurons leads to a ________ of their synaptic connections.

The crucial cognitive deficit of H.M. after his surgery was ________.

What is long-term memory? What are three examples of types of long-term memory?

The perforant path is the connection between ________.

What are the main conclusions from a lifetime of observations on H.M.?

The results from Polyn et al. (2005) suggest that successful, intentional retrieval of information involves ________.

The multiple-trace model suggests that ________, whereas the two-stage model suggests that ________.

________ on both sides of brain was removed during H.M.'s surgery, leading to his deficits.

The Study of Memory

Sensory Persistence and Information Persistence

Short-Term Memory and Working Memory

Explicit and Implicit Memory

Episodic Memory and Autobiographical Memory

Generic Memory

Forgetting

Memory Across the Lifespan

Memory and Our Social Selves

Memory and the Law

Memory and the Marketplace

Memory, the Body, and Health

Exceptional Memory, Mnemonics, and Expertise

Filters

The central idea of Hebb's model for memory storage is that simultaneous of nearby neurons leads to a of their synaptic connections.

The multiple-trace model suggests that , whereas the two-stage model suggests that .