Question 1

In animals,embryonic stem cells differ from adult stem cells in that

Accepted Answer

A) embryonic stem cells are totipotent, and adult stem cells are pluripotent. 
B) embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, and adult stem cells are totipotent. 
C) embryonic stem cells have more genes than adult stem cells. 
D) embryonic stem cells have fewer genes than adult stem cells. 
E) embryonic stem cells are localized to specific sites within the embryo, whereas adult stem cells are spread throughout the body. 
A) embryonic stem cells are totipotent, and adult stem cells are pluripotent. 
B) embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, and adult stem cells are totipotent. 
C) embryonic stem cells have more genes than adult stem cells. 
D) embryonic stem cells have fewer genes than adult stem cells. 
E) embryonic stem cells are localized to specific sites within the embryo, whereas adult stem cells are spread throughout the body.

Question 2

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
A group of six students has taken samples of their own cheek cells,purified the DNA,and used a restriction enzyme known to cut at zero,one,or two sites in a particular gene of interest.
-Why might they be conducting such an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) to find the location of this gene in the human genome 
B) to prepare to isolate the chromosome on which the gene of interest is found 
C) to find which of the students has which alleles 
D) to collect population data that can be used to assess natural selection 
E) to collect population data that can be used to study genetic drift 
A) to find the location of this gene in the human genome 
B) to prepare to isolate the chromosome on which the gene of interest is found 
C) to find which of the students has which alleles 
D) to collect population data that can be used to assess natural selection 
E) to collect population data that can be used to study genetic drift

Question 3

Which of the following uses labeled probes to visualize the expression of genes in whole tissues and organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) RT-PCR 
B) in situ hybridization 
C) DNA microarrays 
D) RNA interference 
E) next generation sequencing 
A) RT-PCR 
B) in situ hybridization 
C) DNA microarrays 
D) RNA interference 
E) next generation sequencing

Question 4

An animal that has genes from another species is said to be

Accepted Answer

A) a mutant. 
B) transgenic. 
C) transposed. 
D) synthetic. 
E) an abomination. 
A) a mutant. 
B) transgenic. 
C) transposed. 
D) synthetic. 
E) an abomination.

Question 5

Expression of a cloned eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cell involves many challenges.The use of mRNA and reverse transcriptase is part of a strategy to solve the problem of

Accepted Answer

A) post-transcriptional processing. 
B) post-translational processing. 
C) nucleic acid hybridization. 
D) restriction fragment ligation. 
A) post-transcriptional processing. 
B) post-translational processing. 
C) nucleic acid hybridization. 
D) restriction fragment ligation.

Question 6

In large-scale,genome-wide association studies in humans using SNPs,correlation is sought between

Accepted Answer

A) lengthy sequences that might be shared by most members of a population. 
B) single nucleotide polymorphisms found only in persons with a particular disorder. 
C) single nucleotide polymorphisms found in families with a particular intron sequence. 
D) single nucleotide polymorphisms in two or more adjacent genes. 
E) large inversions that displace the centromere. 
A) lengthy sequences that might be shared by most members of a population. 
B) single nucleotide polymorphisms found only in persons with a particular disorder. 
C) single nucleotide polymorphisms found in families with a particular intron sequence. 
D) single nucleotide polymorphisms in two or more adjacent genes. 
E) large inversions that displace the centromere.

Question 7

In animals,what is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning?

Accepted Answer

A) Reproductive cloning uses totipotent cells, whereas therapeutic cloning does not. 
B) Reproductive cloning uses embryonic stem cells, whereas therapeutic cloning does not. 
C) Therapeutic cloning uses nuclei of adult cells transplanted into enucleated nonfertilized eggs. 
D) Therapeutic cloning supplies cells for repair of diseased or injured organs. 
E) Reproductive cloning results in the production of multiple egg or sperm cells. 
A) Reproductive cloning uses totipotent cells, whereas therapeutic cloning does not. 
B) Reproductive cloning uses embryonic stem cells, whereas therapeutic cloning does not. 
C) Therapeutic cloning uses nuclei of adult cells transplanted into enucleated nonfertilized eggs. 
D) Therapeutic cloning supplies cells for repair of diseased or injured organs. 
E) Reproductive cloning results in the production of multiple egg or sperm cells.

Question 8

In recombinant DNA methods,the term vector can refer to

Accepted Answer

A) the enzyme that cuts DNA into restriction fragments. 
B) the sticky end of a DNA fragment. 
C) a SNP marker. 
D) a plasmid used to transfer DNA into a living cell. 
A) the enzyme that cuts DNA into restriction fragments. 
B) the sticky end of a DNA fragment. 
C) a SNP marker. 
D) a plasmid used to transfer DNA into a living cell.

Question 9

In 1997,Dolly the sheep was cloned.Which of the following processes was used?

Accepted Answer

A) use of mitochondrial DNA from adult female cells of another ewe 
B) replication and dedifferentiation of adult stem cells from sheep bone marrow 
C) separation of an early stage sheep blastula into separate cells, one of which was incubated in a surrogate ewe 
D) fusion of an adult cell's nucleus with an enucleated sheep egg, followed by incubation in a surrogate 
E) isolation of stem cells from a lamb embryo and production of a zygote equivalent 
A) use of mitochondrial DNA from adult female cells of another ewe 
B) replication and dedifferentiation of adult stem cells from sheep bone marrow 
C) separation of an early stage sheep blastula into separate cells, one of which was incubated in a surrogate ewe 
D) fusion of an adult cell's nucleus with an enucleated sheep egg, followed by incubation in a surrogate 
E) isolation of stem cells from a lamb embryo and production of a zygote equivalent

Question 10

DNA technology has many medical applications.Which of the following is not done routinely at present?

Accepted Answer

A) production of hormones for treating diabetes and dwarfism 
B) production of microbes that can metabolize toxins 
C) introduction of genetically engineered genes into human gametes 
D) prenatal identification of genetic disease alleles 
A) production of hormones for treating diabetes and dwarfism 
B) production of microbes that can metabolize toxins 
C) introduction of genetically engineered genes into human gametes 
D) prenatal identification of genetic disease alleles

Question 11

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
A eukaryotic gene has "sticky ends" produced by the restriction endonuclease EcoRI.The gene is added to a mixture containing EcoRI and a bacterial plasmid that carries two genes conferring resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline.The plasmid has one recognition site for EcoRI located in the tetracycline resistance gene.This mixture is incubated for several hours,exposed to DNA ligase,and then added to bacteria growing in nutrient broth.The bacteria are allowed to grow overnight and are streaked on a plate using a technique that produces isolated colonies that are clones of the original.Samples of these colonies are then grown in four different media: nutrient broth plus ampicillin,nutrient broth plus tetracycline,nutrient broth plus ampicillin and tetracycline,and nutrient broth without antibiotics.
-Bacteria that do not take up any plasmids would grow on which media?

Accepted Answer

A) the nutrient broth only 
B) the nutrient broth and the tetracycline broth 
C) the nutrient broth and the ampicillin broth 
D) the tetracycline broth and the ampicillin broth 
E) all three broths 
A) the nutrient broth only 
B) the nutrient broth and the tetracycline broth 
C) the nutrient broth and the ampicillin broth 
D) the tetracycline broth and the ampicillin broth 
E) all three broths

Question 12

Why might a laboratory be using dideoxynucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A) to separate DNA fragments 
B) to clone the breakpoints of cut DNA 
C) to produce cDNA from mRNA 
D) to sequence a DNA fragment 
E) to visualize DNA expression 
A) to separate DNA fragments 
B) to clone the breakpoints of cut DNA 
C) to produce cDNA from mRNA 
D) to sequence a DNA fragment 
E) to visualize DNA expression

Question 13

Genetic engineering is being used by the pharmaceutical industry.Which of the following is not currently one of the uses?

Accepted Answer

A) production of human insulin 
B) production of human growth hormone 
C) production of tissue plasminogen activator 
D) genetic modification of plants to produce vaccines 
E) creation of products that will remove poisons from the human body 
A) production of human insulin 
B) production of human growth hormone 
C) production of tissue plasminogen activator 
D) genetic modification of plants to produce vaccines 
E) creation of products that will remove poisons from the human body

Question 14

Let us suppose that someone is successful at producing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS)for replacement of pancreatic insulin-producing cells for people with type 1 diabetes.Which of the following could still be problems?
I.the possibility that,once introduced into the patient,the iPS cells produce nonpancreatic cells
II.the failure of the iPS cells to take up residence in the pancreas
III.the inability of the iPS cells to respond to appropriate regulatory signals

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) I, II, and III 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) I, II, and III

Question 15

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.The DNA profiles that follow represent four different individuals.
  
-Which of the following statements is most consistent with the results?

Accepted Answer

A) B is the child of A and C. 
B) C is the child of A and B. 
C) D is the child of B and C. 
D) A is the child of B and C. 
E) A is the child of C and D. 
A) B is the child of A and C. 
B) C is the child of A and B. 
C) D is the child of B and C. 
D) A is the child of B and C. 
E) A is the child of C and D.

Question 16

How does a bacterial cell protect its own DNA from restriction enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) by adding methyl groups to adenines and cytosines 
B) by using DNA ligase to seal the bacterial DNA into a closed circle 
C) by adding histones to protect the double-stranded DNA 
D) by forming "sticky ends" of bacterial DNA to prevent the enzyme from attaching 
E) by reinforcing the bacterial DNA structure with covalent phosphodiester bonds 
A) by adding methyl groups to adenines and cytosines 
B) by using DNA ligase to seal the bacterial DNA into a closed circle 
C) by adding histones to protect the double-stranded DNA 
D) by forming "sticky ends" of bacterial DNA to prevent the enzyme from attaching 
E) by reinforcing the bacterial DNA structure with covalent phosphodiester bonds

Question 17

Which of the following is in the correct order for one cycle of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Accepted Answer

A) Denature DNA; add fresh enzyme; anneal primers; add dNTPs; extend primers. 
B) Anneal primers; denature DNA; extend primers. 
C) Extend primers; anneal primers; denature DNA. 
D) Denature DNA; anneal primers; extend primers. 
E) Denature DNA; add fresh enzyme; add dNTPs; anneal primers; extend primers. 
A) Denature DNA; add fresh enzyme; anneal primers; add dNTPs; extend primers. 
B) Anneal primers; denature DNA; extend primers. 
C) Extend primers; anneal primers; denature DNA. 
D) Denature DNA; anneal primers; extend primers. 
E) Denature DNA; add fresh enzyme; add dNTPs; anneal primers; extend primers.

Question 18

A cell of a particular type,that has the ability to differentiate into other cells of the same tissue type,is a(n)________ cell.

Accepted Answer

A) totipotent 
B) pluripotent 
C) tumour 
D) metastatic 
E) zygote 
A) totipotent 
B) pluripotent 
C) tumour 
D) metastatic 
E) zygote

Question 19

A researcher has used in vitro mutagenesis to mutate a cloned gene and then has reinserted this into a cell.In order to have the mutated sequence disable the function of the gene,what must then occur?

Accepted Answer

A) recombination resulting in replacement of the wild type with the mutated gene 
B) use of a microarray to verify continued expression of the original gene 
C) replication of the cloned gene using a bacterial plasmid 
D) transcription of the cloned gene using cDNA 
E) attachment of the mutated gene to an existing mRNA to be translated 
A) recombination resulting in replacement of the wild type with the mutated gene 
B) use of a microarray to verify continued expression of the original gene 
C) replication of the cloned gene using a bacterial plasmid 
D) transcription of the cloned gene using cDNA 
E) attachment of the mutated gene to an existing mRNA to be translated

Question 20

DNA microarrays have made a huge impact on genomic studies because they

Accepted Answer

A) can be used to eliminate the function of any gene in the genome. 
B) can be used to introduce entire genomes into bacterial cells. 
C) allow the expression of many or even all of the genes in the genome to be compared at once. 
D) allow physical maps of the genome to be assembled in a very short time. 
E) dramatically enhance the efficiency of restriction enzymes. 
A) can be used to eliminate the function of any gene in the genome. 
B) can be used to introduce entire genomes into bacterial cells. 
C) allow the expression of many or even all of the genes in the genome to be compared at once. 
D) allow physical maps of the genome to be assembled in a very short time. 
E) dramatically enhance the efficiency of restriction enzymes.

Exam 20: DNA Tools and Biotechnology

In animals,embryonic stem cells differ from adult stem cells in that

Use the following information to answer the next few questions. A group of six students has taken samples of their own cheek cells,purified the DNA,and used a restriction enzyme known to cut at zero,one,or two sites in a particular gene of interest. -Why might they be conducting such an experiment?

Which of the following uses labeled probes to visualize the expression of genes in whole tissues and organisms?

An animal that has genes from another species is said to be

Expression of a cloned eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cell involves many challenges.The use of mRNA and reverse transcriptase is part of a strategy to solve the problem of

In large-scale,genome-wide association studies in humans using SNPs,correlation is sought between

In animals,what is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning?

In recombinant DNA methods,the term vector can refer to

In 1997,Dolly the sheep was cloned.Which of the following processes was used?

DNA technology has many medical applications.Which of the following is not done routinely at present?

Why might a laboratory be using dideoxynucleotides?

Genetic engineering is being used by the pharmaceutical industry.Which of the following is not currently one of the uses?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.The DNA profiles that follow represent four different individuals. -Which of the following statements is most consistent with the results?

How does a bacterial cell protect its own DNA from restriction enzymes?

Which of the following is in the correct order for one cycle of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

A cell of a particular type,that has the ability to differentiate into other cells of the same tissue type,is a(n)________ cell.

A researcher has used in vitro mutagenesis to mutate a cloned gene and then has reinserted this into a cell.In order to have the mutated sequence disable the function of the gene,what must then occur?

DNA microarrays have made a huge impact on genomic studies because they

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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