Question 1

Which of the following animals uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?

Accepted Answer

A) a hydra 
B) a marine jelly (an invertebrate) 
C) a snake in a temperate forest 
D) a desert insect 
E) a desert bird 
A) a hydra 
B) a marine jelly (an invertebrate) 
C) a snake in a temperate forest 
D) a desert insect 
E) a desert bird

Question 2

An animal's inputs of energy and materials would exceed its outputs

Accepted Answer

A) if the animal is an endotherm, which must always take in more energy because of its high metabolic rate. 
B) if it is actively foraging for food. 
C) if it is hibernating. 
D) if it is growing and increasing its mass. 
E) never; homeostasis makes these energy and material budgets always balance. 
A) if the animal is an endotherm, which must always take in more energy because of its high metabolic rate. 
B) if it is actively foraging for food. 
C) if it is hibernating. 
D) if it is growing and increasing its mass. 
E) never; homeostasis makes these energy and material budgets always balance.

Question 3

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with

Accepted Answer

A) connective tissue. 
B) smooth muscle cells. 
C) neural tissue. 
D) epithelial tissue. 
E) adipose tissue. 
A) connective tissue. 
B) smooth muscle cells. 
C) neural tissue. 
D) epithelial tissue. 
E) adipose tissue.

Question 4

In a survivably cold environment,an ectotherm is more likely to survive an extended period of food deprivation than would an equally sized endotherm because the ectotherm

Accepted Answer

A) maintains a higher basal metabolic rate. 
B) expends more energy per kg of body mass than does the endotherm. 
C) invests little energy in temperature regulation. 
D) metabolizes its stored energy more readily than can the endotherm. 
E) has greater insulation on its body surface. 
A) maintains a higher basal metabolic rate. 
B) expends more energy per kg of body mass than does the endotherm. 
C) invests little energy in temperature regulation. 
D) metabolizes its stored energy more readily than can the endotherm. 
E) has greater insulation on its body surface.

Question 5

Most types of communication between cells utilize

Accepted Answer

A) the exchange of cytosol between the cells. 
B) a direct electrical connection between the cells. 
C) the release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message. 
D) the exchange of DNA between the cells. 
E) the movement of the cells. 
A) the exchange of cytosol between the cells. 
B) a direct electrical connection between the cells. 
C) the release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message. 
D) the exchange of DNA between the cells. 
E) the movement of the cells.

Question 6

With its abundance of collagenous fibres,cartilage is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) connective tissue. 
B) reproductive tissue. 
C) nervous tissue. 
D) epithelial tissue. 
E) adipose tissue. 
A) connective tissue. 
B) reproductive tissue. 
C) nervous tissue. 
D) epithelial tissue. 
E) adipose tissue.

Question 7

Consider the energy budgets for a human,an elephant,a penguin,a mouse,and a snake.The ________ would have the highest total annual energy expenditure,and the ________ would have the highest energy expenditure per unit mass.

Accepted Answer

A) elephant; mouse 
B) elephant; human 
C) human; penguin 
D) mouse; snake 
E) penguin; mouse 
A) elephant; mouse 
B) elephant; human 
C) human; penguin 
D) mouse; snake 
E) penguin; mouse

Question 8

Positive feedback has occurred when

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in blood sugar increases the secretion of a hormone that stimulates the movement of sugar out of the blood. 
B) a decrease in blood sugar increases the secretion of a hormone that increases the conversion of glycogen to glucose. 
C) uterine contractions needed for the birthing process are expedited by the pressure of a moving baby in its mother's uterus. 
D) an increase in calcium concentration increases the secretion of a hormone that promotes the storage of calcium in bone. 
E) a decrease in blood calcium increases the amount of the hormone that causes the release of calcium from bone. 
A) an increase in blood sugar increases the secretion of a hormone that stimulates the movement of sugar out of the blood. 
B) a decrease in blood sugar increases the secretion of a hormone that increases the conversion of glycogen to glucose. 
C) uterine contractions needed for the birthing process are expedited by the pressure of a moving baby in its mother's uterus. 
D) an increase in calcium concentration increases the secretion of a hormone that promotes the storage of calcium in bone. 
E) a decrease in blood calcium increases the amount of the hormone that causes the release of calcium from bone.

Question 9

An example of an ectothermic organism that has few or no behavioural options when it comes to its ability to adjust its body temperature is a

Accepted Answer

A) terrestrial lizard. 
B) sea star, a marine invertebrate. 
C) bluefin tuna, a predatory fish. 
D) hummingbird. 
E) honeybee in a hive. 
A) terrestrial lizard. 
B) sea star, a marine invertebrate. 
C) bluefin tuna, a predatory fish. 
D) hummingbird. 
E) honeybee in a hive.

Question 10

The specialized structures of complex animals have evolved because

Accepted Answer

A) the environment imposes identical problems regardless of where the animals are found. 
B) the development of the specialized structures in an animal is influenced by the animal's ability to learn. 
C) the simplest animals are those with the most recent appearance among the biota. 
D) they permit adjustments to a wide range of environmental changes. 
E) the most complex animals are the ones with the most ancient evolutionary origin. 
A) the environment imposes identical problems regardless of where the animals are found. 
B) the development of the specialized structures in an animal is influenced by the animal's ability to learn. 
C) the simplest animals are those with the most recent appearance among the biota. 
D) they permit adjustments to a wide range of environmental changes. 
E) the most complex animals are the ones with the most ancient evolutionary origin.

Question 11

Which principle of heat exchange is the most important explanation for why birds look larger in colder weather because they fluff their feathers?

Accepted Answer

A) Fluffing feathers results in less cooling by radiation because feathers emit less infrared radiation than other tissues do. 
B) Fluffing decreases the amount of heat lost by conduction when the bird makes contact with cold objects in its environment. 
C) Fluffing creates a pocket of air near the bird that acts as insulation. 
D) Fluffing decreases the surface-area-to-volume ratio, thus decreasing the amount of heat lost to the environment. 
E) Fluffing allows for decreased evaporative cooling. 
A) Fluffing feathers results in less cooling by radiation because feathers emit less infrared radiation than other tissues do. 
B) Fluffing decreases the amount of heat lost by conduction when the bird makes contact with cold objects in its environment. 
C) Fluffing creates a pocket of air near the bird that acts as insulation. 
D) Fluffing decreases the surface-area-to-volume ratio, thus decreasing the amount of heat lost to the environment. 
E) Fluffing allows for decreased evaporative cooling.

Question 12

The fibres responsible for the elastic resistance properties of tendons are

Accepted Answer

A) elastin fibres. 
B) fibrin fibres. 
C) collagenous fibres. 
D) reticular fibres. 
E) spindle fibres. 
A) elastin fibres. 
B) fibrin fibres. 
C) collagenous fibres. 
D) reticular fibres. 
E) spindle fibres.

Question 13

-The horizontal arrows in the figure above show that

Accepted Answer

A) the warmer arterial blood can bypass the legs as needed, when the legs are too cold to function well. 
B) the warmer venous blood transfers heat to the cooler arterial blood. 
C) the warmer arterial blood transfers heat to the cooler venous blood. 
D) the arterial blood is always cooler in the abdomen, compared to the temperature of the venous blood in the feet of the goose. 
E) the goose's legs get progressively warmer as the blood moves away from the abdomen to the feet. 
A) the warmer arterial blood can bypass the legs as needed, when the legs are too cold to function well. 
B) the warmer venous blood transfers heat to the cooler arterial blood. 
C) the warmer arterial blood transfers heat to the cooler venous blood. 
D) the arterial blood is always cooler in the abdomen, compared to the temperature of the venous blood in the feet of the goose. 
E) the goose's legs get progressively warmer as the blood moves away from the abdomen to the feet.

Question 14

Most land-dwelling invertebrates and all of the amphibians

Accepted Answer

A) are ectothermic organisms with variable body temperatures. 
B) alter their metabolic rates to maintain a constant body temperature of 37°C. 
C) have a net loss of heat across a moist body surface, even in direct sun. 
D) are endotherms but become thermoconformers only when they are in water. 
E) become more active when environmental temperatures drop below 15°C. 
A) are ectothermic organisms with variable body temperatures. 
B) alter their metabolic rates to maintain a constant body temperature of 37°C. 
C) have a net loss of heat across a moist body surface, even in direct sun. 
D) are endotherms but become thermoconformers only when they are in water. 
E) become more active when environmental temperatures drop below 15°C.

Question 15

All types of muscle tissue have

Accepted Answer

A) intercalated disks that allow cells to communicate. 
B) striated banding patterns seen under the microscope. 
C) cells that lengthen when appropriately stimulated. 
D) a response that can be consciously controlled. 
E) interactions between actin and myosin. 
A) intercalated disks that allow cells to communicate. 
B) striated banding patterns seen under the microscope. 
C) cells that lengthen when appropriately stimulated. 
D) a response that can be consciously controlled. 
E) interactions between actin and myosin.

Question 16

Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)are born in freshwater environments and then migrate to the sea.Near the end of their lives,they return to the freshwater stream where they were born to spawn.In freshwater,water constantly diffuses into the body and ions are lost from the body.In salt water,body water diffuses out of the body and excess ions are gained from the water.A salmon's gills have special cells to pump salt in or out of the body to maintain homeostasis.In response to the salmon's moves between freshwater and salt water,some cells in the gills are produced and others are destroyed.These changes made in the cells of the gills during the lifetime of an individual salmon are an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) evolution 
B) trade-off 
C) acclimatization 
D) adaptation 
E) conformation 
A) evolution 
B) trade-off 
C) acclimatization 
D) adaptation 
E) conformation

Question 17

Standard metabolic rate (SMR)and basal metabolic rate (BMR)are

Accepted Answer

A) used differently: SMR is measured during exercise, whereas BMR is measured at rest. 
B) used to compare metabolic rate between hibernating and nonhibernating states. 
C) both measured across a wide range of temperatures for a given species. 
D) both standard measurements of fat metabolism in mammals. 
E) both measured in animals in a resting and fasting state. 
A) used differently: SMR is measured during exercise, whereas BMR is measured at rest. 
B) used to compare metabolic rate between hibernating and nonhibernating states. 
C) both measured across a wide range of temperatures for a given species. 
D) both standard measurements of fat metabolism in mammals. 
E) both measured in animals in a resting and fasting state.

Question 18

Due to increasing global temperatures,many animals are forced to move to cooler climates with many different environmental conditions than what they are used to.In order to survive,the animal must respond to the new conditions.Which of the following terms best describes this?

Accepted Answer

A) acclimation 
B) adaptation 
C) evolution 
D) acclimatization 
E) homeostasis 
A) acclimation 
B) adaptation 
C) evolution 
D) acclimatization 
E) homeostasis

Question 19

You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body temperature.How would you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm?

Accepted Answer

A) You know from its high and stable body temperature that it must be an endotherm. 
B) You know that it is an ectotherm because it is not a bird or mammal. 
C) You subject this reptile to various temperatures in the lab and find that its body temperature and metabolic rate change with the ambient temperature. You conclude that it is an ectotherm. 
D) You note that its environment has a high and stable temperature. Because its body temperature matches the environmental temperature, you conclude that it is an ectotherm. 
E) You measure the metabolic rate of the reptile, and because it is higher than that of a related species that lives in temperate forests, you conclude that this reptile is an endotherm and its relative is an ectotherm. 
A) You know from its high and stable body temperature that it must be an endotherm. 
B) You know that it is an ectotherm because it is not a bird or mammal. 
C) You subject this reptile to various temperatures in the lab and find that its body temperature and metabolic rate change with the ambient temperature. You conclude that it is an ectotherm. 
D) You note that its environment has a high and stable temperature. Because its body temperature matches the environmental temperature, you conclude that it is an ectotherm. 
E) You measure the metabolic rate of the reptile, and because it is higher than that of a related species that lives in temperate forests, you conclude that this reptile is an endotherm and its relative is an ectotherm.

Question 20

Cardiac muscle cells are both

Accepted Answer

A) striated and interconnected by intercalated disks. 
B) striated and operate independently of other cardiac cells. 
C) smooth and under voluntary control. 
D) striated and under voluntary control. 
E) smooth and under involuntary control. 
A) striated and interconnected by intercalated disks. 
B) striated and operate independently of other cardiac cells. 
C) smooth and under voluntary control. 
D) striated and under voluntary control. 
E) smooth and under involuntary control.

Exam 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Which of the following animals uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?

An animal's inputs of energy and materials would exceed its outputs

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with

In a survivably cold environment,an ectotherm is more likely to survive an extended period of food deprivation than would an equally sized endotherm because the ectotherm

Most types of communication between cells utilize

With its abundance of collagenous fibres,cartilage is an example of

Consider the energy budgets for a human,an elephant,a penguin,a mouse,and a snake.The ________ would have the highest total annual energy expenditure,and the ________ would have the highest energy expenditure per unit mass.

Positive feedback has occurred when

An example of an ectothermic organism that has few or no behavioural options when it comes to its ability to adjust its body temperature is a

The specialized structures of complex animals have evolved because

Which principle of heat exchange is the most important explanation for why birds look larger in colder weather because they fluff their feathers?

The fibres responsible for the elastic resistance properties of tendons are

-The horizontal arrows in the figure above show that

Most land-dwelling invertebrates and all of the amphibians

All types of muscle tissue have

Standard metabolic rate (SMR)and basal metabolic rate (BMR)are

Due to increasing global temperatures,many animals are forced to move to cooler climates with many different environmental conditions than what they are used to.In order to survive,the animal must respond to the new conditions.Which of the following terms best describes this?

You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body temperature.How would you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm?

Cardiac muscle cells are both

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

Consider the energy budgets for a human,an elephant,a penguin,a mouse,and a snake.The would have the highest total annual energy expenditure,and the would have the highest energy expenditure per unit mass.