Question 1

Coordinating body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A) the respiratory system. 
B) the endocrine system. 
C) the immune and lymphatic systems. 
D) the integumentary system. 
E) the excretory system. 
A) the respiratory system. 
B) the endocrine system. 
C) the immune and lymphatic systems. 
D) the integumentary system. 
E) the excretory system.

Question 2

The body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is

Accepted Answer

A) epithelial tissue. 
B) connective tissue. 
C) skeletal muscle. 
D) smooth muscle. 
E) nervous tissue. 
A) epithelial tissue. 
B) connective tissue. 
C) skeletal muscle. 
D) smooth muscle. 
E) nervous tissue.

Question 3

The transfer of heat from arterial to venous blood is seen in the Canada Goose.This type of thermoregulation is called

Accepted Answer

A) thermogenesis. 
B) evaporation. 
C) vasoconstriction. 
D) vasodilation. 
E) countercurrent exchange. 
A) thermogenesis. 
B) evaporation. 
C) vasoconstriction. 
D) vasodilation. 
E) countercurrent exchange.

Question 4

Endothermy

Accepted Answer

A) is a characteristic of most animals found in tropical zones. 
B) is a characteristic of animals that have a fairly constant body temperature. 
C) is a term equivalent to cold-blooded. 
D) is a characteristic of mammals but not of birds. 
E) is seen only in insects and in certain predatory fishes. 
A) is a characteristic of most animals found in tropical zones. 
B) is a characteristic of animals that have a fairly constant body temperature. 
C) is a term equivalent to cold-blooded. 
D) is a characteristic of mammals but not of birds. 
E) is seen only in insects and in certain predatory fishes.

Question 5

The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed

Accepted Answer

A) balanced equilibrium. 
B) physiological chance. 
C) homeostasis. 
D) static equilibrium. 
E) estivation. 
A) balanced equilibrium. 
B) physiological chance. 
C) homeostasis. 
D) static equilibrium. 
E) estivation.

Question 6

The cells lining the air sacs in the lungs make up a

Accepted Answer

A) cuboidal epithelium. 
B) simple squamous epithelium. 
C) stratified squamous epithelium. 
D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. 
E) simple columnar epithelium. 
A) cuboidal epithelium. 
B) simple squamous epithelium. 
C) stratified squamous epithelium. 
D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. 
E) simple columnar epithelium.

Question 7

You discover a new species of bacteria that grows in aquatic environments with high salt levels.While studying these bacteria,you note that their internal environment is similar to the salt concentrations in their surroundings.You also discover that the internal salt concentrations of the bacteria change as the salt concentration in their environment changes.The new species can tolerate small changes in this way,but dies from large changes because it has no mechanism for altering its own internal salt levels.What type of homeostatic mechanism is this species using to regulate its internal salt levels?

Accepted Answer

A) conformation 
B) regulation 
C) integration 
D) assimilation 
E) acclimatization 
A) conformation 
B) regulation 
C) integration 
D) assimilation 
E) acclimatization

Question 8

Breathing is accomplished via the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of

Accepted Answer

A) smooth muscle. 
B) skeletal muscle. 
C) cardiac muscle. 
D) smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. 
E) smooth muscle and skeletal muscle. 
A) smooth muscle. 
B) skeletal muscle. 
C) cardiac muscle. 
D) smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. 
E) smooth muscle and skeletal muscle.

Question 9

The temperature-regulating centre of vertebrate animals is located in the

Accepted Answer

A) medulla oblongata. 
B) thyroid gland. 
C) hypothalamus. 
D) subcutaneous layer of the skin. 
E) liver. 
A) medulla oblongata. 
B) thyroid gland. 
C) hypothalamus. 
D) subcutaneous layer of the skin. 
E) liver.

Question 10

The crucian carp (Carassius carassius)is a Northern European freshwater fish often inhabiting ponds that become hypoxic (have reduced oxygen levels)and even anoxic (have no oxygen)when the surface freezes during the winter.Surprisingly,when oxygen levels are normal,these fish lack the lamellae that provide a large surface area for gas exchange between water and blood: their gills are smooth.Yet when the level of oxygen in the water falls,the gill morphology undergoes a change: packing cells stop dividing and programmed cell death is induced,exposing gill lamellae that were buried in other tissue.With lamellae exposed,the gills have increased surface area for gas exchange.These changes in gill lamellar profile are reversible: investigators observed that the gills return to their normal structure within seven days after returning the fish to well-oxygenated water.(Jørund Sollid,Paula De Angelis,Kristian Gundersen,and Göran E.Nilsson.2003.Hypoxia induces adaptive and reversible gross morphological changes in crucian carp gills.Journal of Experimental Biology 206:3667-73.)
Gills serve multiple functions in fish in addition to gas exchange.Given the large surface area of gills with lamellae,what is the most likely explanation for why crucian carp cover protruding lamellae in their gills when levels of oxygen are normal?

Accepted Answer

A) to prevent loss of heat to the surrounding water 
B) to prevent loss of ions to the surrounding water 
C) to prevent protein loss to the surrounding water 
D) to prevent loss of oxygen to the surrounding water 
E) to prevent loss of blood to the surrounding water 
A) to prevent loss of heat to the surrounding water 
B) to prevent loss of ions to the surrounding water 
C) to prevent protein loss to the surrounding water 
D) to prevent loss of oxygen to the surrounding water 
E) to prevent loss of blood to the surrounding water

Question 11

When the body's blood glucose level rises,the pancreas secretes insulin and,as a result,the blood glucose level declines.When the blood glucose level is low,the pancreas secretes glucagon and,as a result,the blood glucose level rises.What is regulating the blood glucose level?

Accepted Answer

A) catalytic feedback 
B) positive feedback 
C) negative feedback 
D) protein-protein interactions 
E) acclimatization 
A) catalytic feedback 
B) positive feedback 
C) negative feedback 
D) protein-protein interactions 
E) acclimatization

Question 12

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
You just bought a freshwater tropical fish for your new aquarium.Once you arrive home,you fill the aquarium with cold,dechlorinated water and plug in the filter and heater.You immediately release the fish from his bag of warm water into the cold water of the aquarium and give him some food.After one hour,you notice the fish has lost its vibrant colouration and isn't swimming very much.After a few hours,you find the fish dead.
-Which of the following physiological process(es)could have lead to the death of the fish?
I.decrease in enzyme-mediated reactions
II.increased rigidity in exchange membranes
III.non-shivering thermogenesis

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) II and III 
E) I and II 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) II and III 
E) I and II

Question 13

If you were to view a sample of animal tissue under a light microscope and notice an extensive extracellular matrix surrounding a tissue,which tissue type would you most suspect?

Accepted Answer

A) connective 
B) epithelial 
C) nervous 
D) striated muscle 
E) smooth muscle 
A) connective 
B) epithelial 
C) nervous 
D) striated muscle 
E) smooth muscle

Question 14

In mammals this response is known as fever,but it is known to raise body temperature in other bacterially infected animals,including lizards,fishes,and cockroaches.

Accepted Answer

A) growth of hair on the limbs 
B) reduced metabolic rate 
C) sweating from skin glands 
D) a change in the body's thermostat "set point" 
E) decreased thermogenesis in brown fat 
A) growth of hair on the limbs 
B) reduced metabolic rate 
C) sweating from skin glands 
D) a change in the body's thermostat "set point" 
E) decreased thermogenesis in brown fat

Question 15

After breathing in an irritant,a normal response is to sneeze,loosening mucus along the respiratory tract.Which of the following types of epithelium form the mucous membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) simple squamous epithelium 
B) pseudostratified columnar epithelium 
C) cuboidal epithelium 
D) simple columnar epithelium 
E) stratified squamous epithelium 
A) simple squamous epithelium 
B) pseudostratified columnar epithelium 
C) cuboidal epithelium 
D) simple columnar epithelium 
E) stratified squamous epithelium

Question 16

During its months-long hibernation in its burrow,the body temperature of an Arctic ground squirrel

Accepted Answer

A) is held at a constant 37°C. 
B) is held at a constant 0°C. 
C) varies between 0°C and 37°C, depending on the frequency of arousals from hibernation. 
D) varies between 0°C and 15°C, depending on the external temperature outside of the burrow. 
E) varies between 0°C and +5°C, depending on the temperature in the burrow. 
A) is held at a constant 37°C. 
B) is held at a constant 0°C. 
C) varies between 0°C and 37°C, depending on the frequency of arousals from hibernation. 
D) varies between 0°C and 15°C, depending on the external temperature outside of the burrow. 
E) varies between 0°C and +5°C, depending on the temperature in the burrow.

Question 17

Which choice best describes a reasonable mechanism for animal structures becoming better suited over evolutionary time to specific functions?

Accepted Answer

A) Animals that eat the most food become the most abundant. 
B) Animals that restrict their food intake will become less abundant. 
C) Animals with mutations that give rise to effective structures will become more abundant. 
D) Animals with inventions that curtail reproduction will become more abundant. 
E) Animals with parents that continually improve their offspring's structures will become more abundant. 
A) Animals that eat the most food become the most abundant. 
B) Animals that restrict their food intake will become less abundant. 
C) Animals with mutations that give rise to effective structures will become more abundant. 
D) Animals with inventions that curtail reproduction will become more abundant. 
E) Animals with parents that continually improve their offspring's structures will become more abundant.

Question 18

Hibernation and estivation during seasons of environmental stress are both examples of

Accepted Answer

A) acclimatization. 
B) torpor. 
C) evaporative cooling. 
D) nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E) shivering thermogenesis. 
A) acclimatization. 
B) torpor. 
C) evaporative cooling. 
D) nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E) shivering thermogenesis.

Question 19

Stratified cuboidal epithelium is composed of

Accepted Answer

A) several layers of boxlike cells. 
B) a hierarchical arrangement of flat cells. 
C) a tight layer of square cells attached to a basement membrane. 
D) an irregularly arranged layer of pillarlike cells. 
E) a layer of ciliated, mucus-secreting cells. 
A) several layers of boxlike cells. 
B) a hierarchical arrangement of flat cells. 
C) a tight layer of square cells attached to a basement membrane. 
D) an irregularly arranged layer of pillarlike cells. 
E) a layer of ciliated, mucus-secreting cells.

Question 20

Interstitial fluid is

Accepted Answer

A) the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra. 
B) the internal environment inside animal cells. 
C) identical to the composition of blood. 
D) the route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells. 
E) found only in the lumen of the small intestine. 
A) the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra. 
B) the internal environment inside animal cells. 
C) identical to the composition of blood. 
D) the route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells. 
E) found only in the lumen of the small intestine.

Exam 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Coordinating body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by

The body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is

The transfer of heat from arterial to venous blood is seen in the Canada Goose.This type of thermoregulation is called

Endothermy

The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed

The cells lining the air sacs in the lungs make up a

Breathing is accomplished via the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of

The temperature-regulating centre of vertebrate animals is located in the

When the body's blood glucose level rises,the pancreas secretes insulin and,as a result,the blood glucose level declines.When the blood glucose level is low,the pancreas secretes glucagon and,as a result,the blood glucose level rises.What is regulating the blood glucose level?

If you were to view a sample of animal tissue under a light microscope and notice an extensive extracellular matrix surrounding a tissue,which tissue type would you most suspect?

In mammals this response is known as fever,but it is known to raise body temperature in other bacterially infected animals,including lizards,fishes,and cockroaches.

After breathing in an irritant,a normal response is to sneeze,loosening mucus along the respiratory tract.Which of the following types of epithelium form the mucous membrane?

During its months-long hibernation in its burrow,the body temperature of an Arctic ground squirrel

Which choice best describes a reasonable mechanism for animal structures becoming better suited over evolutionary time to specific functions?

Hibernation and estivation during seasons of environmental stress are both examples of

Stratified cuboidal epithelium is composed of

Interstitial fluid is

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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