Question 1

Compared with the interstitial fluid that bathes active muscle cells,blood reaching these cells in arteries has a

Accepted Answer

A) higher PO₂. 
B) higher PCO₂. 
C) greater bicarbonate concentration. 
D) lower pH. 
E) lower osmotic pressure. 
A) higher PO₂. 
B) higher PCO₂. 
C) greater bicarbonate concentration. 
D) lower pH. 
E) lower osmotic pressure.

Question 2

The epiglottis of a human covers the glottis when he or she is

Accepted Answer

A) talking. 
B) breathing. 
C) swallowing. 
D) yawning. 
E) sleeping. 
A) talking. 
B) breathing. 
C) swallowing. 
D) yawning. 
E) sleeping.

Question 3

In which of the following organisms does blood flow from the pulmocutaneous circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body?

Accepted Answer

A) annelids 
B) molluscs 
C) fishes 
D) frogs 
E) insects 
A) annelids 
B) molluscs 
C) fishes 
D) frogs 
E) insects

Question 4

The Bohr shift on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is produced by changes in

Accepted Answer

A) the partial pressure of oxygen. 
B) the partial pressure of carbon monoxide. 
C) hemoglobin concentration. 
D) temperature. 
E) pH. 
A) the partial pressure of oxygen. 
B) the partial pressure of carbon monoxide. 
C) hemoglobin concentration. 
D) temperature. 
E) pH.

Question 5

Which of the following statements comparing respiration in fish and in mammals is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) The respiratory medium for fish carries more oxygen than the respiratory medium of mammals. 
B) A countercurrent exchange mechanism between the respiratory medium and blood flow is seen in mammals but not in fish. 
C) The movement of the respiratory medium in mammals is bidirectional, but in fish it is unidirectional. 
D) In blood, oxygen is primarily transported by plasma in fish, but by red blood cells in mammals. 
E) The cells that carry out gas exchange in fish are exposed to an aqueous environment, but this is not true for mammals. 
A) The respiratory medium for fish carries more oxygen than the respiratory medium of mammals. 
B) A countercurrent exchange mechanism between the respiratory medium and blood flow is seen in mammals but not in fish. 
C) The movement of the respiratory medium in mammals is bidirectional, but in fish it is unidirectional. 
D) In blood, oxygen is primarily transported by plasma in fish, but by red blood cells in mammals. 
E) The cells that carry out gas exchange in fish are exposed to an aqueous environment, but this is not true for mammals.

Question 6

How does the design of the circulatory network contribute to reducing blood pressure in the capillary beds avoid hemorrhage?

Accepted Answer

A) Blood flow through the capillaries is essentially frictionless, and this reduces the amount of pressure on their walls. 
B) The total cross-sectional diameter of the arterial circulation increases with progression from artery to arteriole to capillary, leading to a reduced blood pressure. 
C) Fluid loss from the arteries is high enough that pressure drops off significantly by the time blood reaches the capillaries. 
D) Capillary beds have the thickest walls of any blood vessel to resist these high pressures. 
E) Capillaries are always open to ensure adequate space for blood to flow into. 
A) Blood flow through the capillaries is essentially frictionless, and this reduces the amount of pressure on their walls. 
B) The total cross-sectional diameter of the arterial circulation increases with progression from artery to arteriole to capillary, leading to a reduced blood pressure. 
C) Fluid loss from the arteries is high enough that pressure drops off significantly by the time blood reaches the capillaries. 
D) Capillary beds have the thickest walls of any blood vessel to resist these high pressures. 
E) Capillaries are always open to ensure adequate space for blood to flow into.

Question 7

If a molecule of CO₂ released into the blood in your left toe is exhaled from your nose,it must pass through all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) the pulmonary vein. 
B) an alveolus. 
C) the trachea. 
D) the right atrium. 
E) the right ventricle. 
A) the pulmonary vein. 
B) an alveolus. 
C) the trachea. 
D) the right atrium. 
E) the right ventricle.

Question 8

The exhalation of air from human lungs is driven by

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity. 
B) a decrease in the residual volume of the lungs. 
C) the contraction of the diaphragm. 
D) the closure of the epiglottis. 
E) the expansion of the rib cage. 
A) a decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity. 
B) a decrease in the residual volume of the lungs. 
C) the contraction of the diaphragm. 
D) the closure of the epiglottis. 
E) the expansion of the rib cage.

Question 9

Which of the following mechanisms are used to regulate blood pressure in the closed circulatory system of vertebrates?
I.changing the force of heart contraction
II.constricting and relaxing sphincters in the walls of arterioles
III.adjusting the volume of blood contained in the veins
IV.synthesizing new capillaries

Accepted Answer

A) only I and II 
B) only I and III 
C) only II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
E) I, II, and IV 
A) only I and II 
B) only I and III 
C) only II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
E) I, II, and IV

Question 10

Air-breathing insects carry out gas exchange

Accepted Answer

A) in their specialized external gills. 
B) in their specialized internal gills. 
C) in the alveoli of their lungs. 
D) across the membranes of their cells. 
E) across all parts of their thin cuticular exoskeleton. 
A) in their specialized external gills. 
B) in their specialized internal gills. 
C) in the alveoli of their lungs. 
D) across the membranes of their cells. 
E) across all parts of their thin cuticular exoskeleton.

Question 11

The blood pressure is lowest in the

Accepted Answer

A) aorta. 
B) arteries. 
C) arterioles. 
D) capillaries. 
E) venae cavae. 
A) aorta. 
B) arteries. 
C) arterioles. 
D) capillaries. 
E) venae cavae.

Question 12

Small swollen areas in the neck,groin,and axillary region are associated with

Accepted Answer

A) increased activity of the immune system. 
B) a broken limb. 
C) blood sugar that is abnormally high. 
D) dehydration. 
E) sodium depletion. 
A) increased activity of the immune system. 
B) a broken limb. 
C) blood sugar that is abnormally high. 
D) dehydration. 
E) sodium depletion.

Question 13

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
At a crime scene,an analyst finds a large pool of blood.After centrifugation,it was determined that the blood belonged to a hemophiliac suffering from an acute infection.
-Which of the following statements are true?

Accepted Answer

A) The culprit had a very low platelet and high leukocyte counts. 
B) The culprit had misshapen erythrocytes and low monocyte counts. 
C) The culprit had low platelet and leukocyte counts. 
D) The culprit had high platelet and leukocyte counts. 
E) The culprit had high platelet and low leukocyte counts. 
A) The culprit had a very low platelet and high leukocyte counts. 
B) The culprit had misshapen erythrocytes and low monocyte counts. 
C) The culprit had low platelet and leukocyte counts. 
D) The culprit had high platelet and leukocyte counts. 
E) The culprit had high platelet and low leukocyte counts.

Question 14

Circulatory systems have the primary benefit of overcoming the shortcomings of

Accepted Answer

A) temperature differences between the lungs and the active tissue. 
B) the slow rate at which diffusion occurs across cells. 
C) communication systems involving only the nervous system. 
D) having to cushion animals from trauma. 
E) fetal organisms maintaining an optimal body temperature. 
A) temperature differences between the lungs and the active tissue. 
B) the slow rate at which diffusion occurs across cells. 
C) communication systems involving only the nervous system. 
D) having to cushion animals from trauma. 
E) fetal organisms maintaining an optimal body temperature.

Question 15

During most daily activities,the human respiration rate is most closely linked to the blood levels of

Accepted Answer

A) nitric acid. 
B) nitrogen. 
C) oxygen. 
D) carbon dioxide. 
E) carbon monoxide. 
A) nitric acid. 
B) nitrogen. 
C) oxygen. 
D) carbon dioxide. 
E) carbon monoxide.

Question 16

A normal event in the process of blood clotting is the

Accepted Answer

A) production of erythropoietin. 
B) conversion of fibrin to fibrinogen. 
C) activation of prothrombin to thrombin. 
D) increase in platelets. 
E) synthesis of hemoglobin. 
A) production of erythropoietin. 
B) conversion of fibrin to fibrinogen. 
C) activation of prothrombin to thrombin. 
D) increase in platelets. 
E) synthesis of hemoglobin.

Question 17

Heart rate will increase in the presence of increased

Accepted Answer

A) low-density lipoproteins. 
B) immunoglobulins. 
C) erythropoietin. 
D) epinephrine. 
E) platelets. 
A) low-density lipoproteins. 
B) immunoglobulins. 
C) erythropoietin. 
D) epinephrine. 
E) platelets.

Question 18

You are a physician,and you are seeing a patient who complains of abnormal fatigue during exercise.You find that the immediate problem is a buildup of carbon dioxide in the tissues.What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A) abnormally shaped platelets 
B) abnormal carbonic anhydrase 
C) abnormal hemoglobin 
D) not enough hemoglobin 
E) not enough myoglobin 
A) abnormally shaped platelets 
B) abnormal carbonic anhydrase 
C) abnormal hemoglobin 
D) not enough hemoglobin 
E) not enough myoglobin

Question 19

The material present in arterioles that is not present in capillaries is

Accepted Answer

A) fully oxygenated blood. 
B) plasma in which carbon dioxide has been added. 
C) a lining of endothelial cells. 
D) circular smooth muscle cells that can alter the size of the arterioles. 
E) white blood cells and platelets. 
A) fully oxygenated blood. 
B) plasma in which carbon dioxide has been added. 
C) a lining of endothelial cells. 
D) circular smooth muscle cells that can alter the size of the arterioles. 
E) white blood cells and platelets.

Question 20

An oil-water mixture works as an insecticidal spray against mosquitoes and other insects because it

Accepted Answer

A) coats their lungs. 
B) blocks the openings into the tracheal system. 
C) interferes with gas exchange across the capillaries. 
D) clogs their bronchi. 
E) prevents gases from leaving the atmosphere. 
A) coats their lungs. 
B) blocks the openings into the tracheal system. 
C) interferes with gas exchange across the capillaries. 
D) clogs their bronchi. 
E) prevents gases from leaving the atmosphere.

Exam 42: Circulation and Gas Exchange

Compared with the interstitial fluid that bathes active muscle cells,blood reaching these cells in arteries has a

The epiglottis of a human covers the glottis when he or she is

In which of the following organisms does blood flow from the pulmocutaneous circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body?

The Bohr shift on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is produced by changes in

Which of the following statements comparing respiration in fish and in mammals is correct?

How does the design of the circulatory network contribute to reducing blood pressure in the capillary beds avoid hemorrhage?

If a molecule of CO₂ released into the blood in your left toe is exhaled from your nose,it must pass through all of the following except

The exhalation of air from human lungs is driven by

Air-breathing insects carry out gas exchange

The blood pressure is lowest in the

Small swollen areas in the neck,groin,and axillary region are associated with

Use the following information to answer the questions below. At a crime scene,an analyst finds a large pool of blood.After centrifugation,it was determined that the blood belonged to a hemophiliac suffering from an acute infection. -Which of the following statements are true?

Circulatory systems have the primary benefit of overcoming the shortcomings of

During most daily activities,the human respiration rate is most closely linked to the blood levels of

A normal event in the process of blood clotting is the

Heart rate will increase in the presence of increased

You are a physician,and you are seeing a patient who complains of abnormal fatigue during exercise.You find that the immediate problem is a buildup of carbon dioxide in the tissues.What is the most likely cause?

The material present in arterioles that is not present in capillaries is

An oil-water mixture works as an insecticidal spray against mosquitoes and other insects because it

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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