Question 1

In general, the slower a subject's reaction time is in a cognitive psychology experiment, the

Accepted Answer

A)  less mental processing is required for the subject to respond. 
B)  more mental processing is required for the subject to respond. 
C)  less conscious one has to be while performing without error. 
D)  less demanding the task is on attention. 
A)  less mental processing is required for the subject to respond. 
B)  more mental processing is required for the subject to respond. 
C)  less conscious one has to be while performing without error. 
D)  less demanding the task is on attention.

Question 2

In terms of prototypes and concepts, a desk is to office furniture as a _______ is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  hammock; home furniture 
B)  sandwich; lunch 
C)  milkshake; a beverage 
D)  two-dollar bill; United States currency 
A)  hammock; home furniture 
B)  sandwich; lunch 
C)  milkshake; a beverage 
D)  two-dollar bill; United States currency

Question 3

Which of the following situations best exemplifies the use of the availability heuristic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bryan expects the next lottery ticket he purchases to be a winning one because he has failed to win so many times before. 
B)  Aiko tells her friend that a certain restaurant has poor service because she was once served the wrong order there. 
C)  Jamie finds more and more evidence of the dangers of genetically modified crops by reading blogs that focus on criticizing such crops. 
D)  Kevin gets more upset when he loses $100 on a stock trade than when he fails to make $100 by forgetting to make a stock trade. 
A)  Bryan expects the next lottery ticket he purchases to be a winning one because he has failed to win so many times before. 
B)  Aiko tells her friend that a certain restaurant has poor service because she was once served the wrong order there. 
C)  Jamie finds more and more evidence of the dangers of genetically modified crops by reading blogs that focus on criticizing such crops. 
D)  Kevin gets more upset when he loses $100 on a stock trade than when he fails to make $100 by forgetting to make a stock trade.

Question 4

Which of the following parts of attention most involves the sense of hearing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Change blindness 
B)  Attentional spotlight 
C)  Cocktail party effect 
D)  Inattentional blindness 
A)  Change blindness 
B)  Attentional spotlight 
C)  Cocktail party effect 
D)  Inattentional blindness

Question 5

Saying that there is a sensitive period for human language acquisition in early life means that

Accepted Answer

A)  there is a time during development when children must be exposed to a language in order to master it. 
B)  children can become fluent in a language only if they are explicitly taught how to speak before the age of five. 
C)  it is impossible to learn to speak a second language fluently after age six. 
D)  children under the age of three are too young to begin learning a language. 
A)  there is a time during development when children must be exposed to a language in order to master it. 
B)  children can become fluent in a language only if they are explicitly taught how to speak before the age of five. 
C)  it is impossible to learn to speak a second language fluently after age six. 
D)  children under the age of three are too young to begin learning a language.

Question 6

When a child says "More cake!" she is using _______ speech.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a child says "More cake!" she...

Question 7

You can use the _______ to your advantage when making a very low offer for an auction item in the hopes of getting a good price.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You can use the _______ to your...

Question 8

Which of the following situations best exemplifies the gambler's fallacy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tony turns down a bet of $100 in which he would have a chance of winning $500 but makes a bet of $10 in which he has a chance of winning only $12. 
B)  Brenda turns down a bet in which she would have a 10 percent chance of losing $50 but makes a bet in which she has a 90 percent chance of winning $10. 
C)  Tina believes that her chances of winning the lottery within a year will go down if she plays the same numbers every week. 
D)  Tyson believes that his chances of winning the next raffle drawing have improved because he has lost five drawings in a row. 
A)  Tony turns down a bet of $100 in which he would have a chance of winning $500 but makes a bet of $10 in which he has a chance of winning only $12. 
B)  Brenda turns down a bet in which she would have a 10 percent chance of losing $50 but makes a bet in which she has a 90 percent chance of winning $10. 
C)  Tina believes that her chances of winning the lottery within a year will go down if she plays the same numbers every week. 
D)  Tyson believes that his chances of winning the next raffle drawing have improved because he has lost five drawings in a row.

Question 9

Scientists who study language are called

Accepted Answer

A)  psychologists. 
B)  behaviorists. 
C)  linguists. 
D)  analysts. 
A)  psychologists. 
B)  behaviorists. 
C)  linguists. 
D)  analysts.

Question 10

_______ is a brief lapse of attention that occurs shortly after a person detects a target.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ is a brief lapse of attention...

Question 11

One of the best sources of evidence that there is a sensitive period for human language development is that

Accepted Answer

A)  humans always develop language skills, no matter what linguistic environment they are in. 
B)  it can be very difficult for adults who are learning a second language to become proficient in the grammar of that language. 
C)  it is nearly impossible for children to master two languages before the age of ten. 
D)  the later one starts learning a language, the better he or she is at mastering the phonemes in the new language. 
A)  humans always develop language skills, no matter what linguistic environment they are in. 
B)  it can be very difficult for adults who are learning a second language to become proficient in the grammar of that language. 
C)  it is nearly impossible for children to master two languages before the age of ten. 
D)  the later one starts learning a language, the better he or she is at mastering the phonemes in the new language.

Question 12

Which of the following is the best example of hindsight bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  Changing one's attitude about a person base on how others view that person 
B)  Misremembering one's previous views on a person in order to fit one's current knowledge or beliefs 
C)  Changing one's choice of a prize, thinking that new information would be helpful 
D)  Paying attention only to information that is consistent with one's beliefs 
A)  Changing one's attitude about a person base on how others view that person 
B)  Misremembering one's previous views on a person in order to fit one's current knowledge or beliefs 
C)  Changing one's choice of a prize, thinking that new information would be helpful 
D)  Paying attention only to information that is consistent with one's beliefs

Question 13

During the associative phase of skill acquisition,

Accepted Answer

A)  a person is consciously aware of all of his efforts. 
B)  the skill can be done automatically. 
C)  any thinking while performing hurts performance. 
D)  a person's performance will decline significantly if he is distracted. 
A)  a person is consciously aware of all of his efforts. 
B)  the skill can be done automatically. 
C)  any thinking while performing hurts performance. 
D)  a person's performance will decline significantly if he is distracted.

Question 14

The cocktail party effect describes a phenomenon in which

Accepted Answer

A)  you remember details of events to which you are paying close attention. 
B)  it is more likely that you will hear your name called if you are not looking at the person calling it. 
C)  you can selectively attend to a particular conversation out of the many conversations taking place. 
D)  it is easier to hear the person you are talking to when it is quieter in the room. 
A)  you remember details of events to which you are paying close attention. 
B)  it is more likely that you will hear your name called if you are not looking at the person calling it. 
C)  you can selectively attend to a particular conversation out of the many conversations taking place. 
D)  it is easier to hear the person you are talking to when it is quieter in the room.

Question 15

Damage to Broca's area leads to an aphasia characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  fluent but nonsensical speech. 
B)  difficulty in speech comprehension, but not in speech production. 
C)  difficulty in speech production, but not in speech comprehension. 
D)  declining language function near the end of life. 
A)  fluent but nonsensical speech. 
B)  difficulty in speech comprehension, but not in speech production. 
C)  difficulty in speech production, but not in speech comprehension. 
D)  declining language function near the end of life.

Question 16

Two adults, Albert and Herman, each speak English and German. Brain scans reveal that Albert activates the same brain region when he uses either language but Herman activates different brain regions for each language. Based on this information and on the work of Kim et al. (1997) described in your text, which description of their backgrounds is most plausible?

Accepted Answer

A)  Albert learned both languages from birth. Herman learned German from birth but did not learn English until his teenage years. 
B)  Albert and Herman learned both languages from birth, but Herman now speaks one of the languages infrequently. 
C)  Herman learned English from birth, and he learned German as a teenager. Albert learned German from birth but did not learn English until his adult years. 
D)  Herman learned both languages from birth. Albert learned German from birth but did not learn English until his adult years. 
A)  Albert learned both languages from birth. Herman learned German from birth but did not learn English until his teenage years. 
B)  Albert and Herman learned both languages from birth, but Herman now speaks one of the languages infrequently. 
C)  Herman learned English from birth, and he learned German as a teenager. Albert learned German from birth but did not learn English until his adult years. 
D)  Herman learned both languages from birth. Albert learned German from birth but did not learn English until his adult years.

Question 17

Problem solving is often described in terms of the situation at the beginning of the problem, or _______, and the desired outcome of the problem, or _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  algorithm; end game 
B)  initial state; goal state 
C)  heuristics; goal state 
D)  operators; initial state 
A)  algorithm; end game 
B)  initial state; goal state 
C)  heuristics; goal state 
D)  operators; initial state

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the table below
  
-A typically developing three-year-old should be able to follow which of the following directions?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Get the cup from behind the couch." 
B)  "When you wake up tomorrow morning, watch television quietly." 
C)  "Put all of the pencils in the box on the table." 
D)  "Put on your boots, then your coat, and then your hat." 
A)  "Get the cup from behind the couch." 
B)  "When you wake up tomorrow morning, watch television quietly." 
C)  "Put all of the pencils in the box on the table." 
D)  "Put on your boots, then your coat, and then your hat."

Question 19

Describe an event in which you fall victim to the anchoring effect as a consumer. Then describe how you can use your knowledge of the anchoring effect to avoid falling victim to it the next time you are in a similar situation.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. The student should de

Question 20

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the table below
  
-Which of the following scenarios represents age-appropriate behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Five-month-old Terrence drinks his juice when his mother asks him to. 
B)  Two-year-old Asa says, "Dad, tell me the dog story." 
C)  Four-year-old Natanya says to her little brother, "Stop hitting me." 
D)  Five-year-old Seth cannot follow instructions to get ready for bed. 
A)  Five-month-old Terrence drinks his juice when his mother asks him to. 
B)  Two-year-old Asa says, "Dad, tell me the dog story." 
C)  Four-year-old Natanya says to her little brother, "Stop hitting me." 
D)  Five-year-old Seth cannot follow instructions to get ready for bed.

In general, the slower a subject's reaction time is in a cognitive psychology experiment, the

In terms of prototypes and concepts, a desk is to office furniture as a _ is to _.

Which of the following situations best exemplifies the use of the availability heuristic?

Which of the following parts of attention most involves the sense of hearing?

Saying that there is a sensitive period for human language acquisition in early life means that

When a child says "More cake!" she is using _______ speech.

You can use the _______ to your advantage when making a very low offer for an auction item in the hopes of getting a good price.

Which of the following situations best exemplifies the gambler's fallacy?

Scientists who study language are called

_______ is a brief lapse of attention that occurs shortly after a person detects a target.

One of the best sources of evidence that there is a sensitive period for human language development is that

Which of the following is the best example of hindsight bias?

During the associative phase of skill acquisition,

The cocktail party effect describes a phenomenon in which

Damage to Broca's area leads to an aphasia characterized by

Problem solving is often described in terms of the situation at the beginning of the problem, or _, and the desired outcome of the problem, or _.

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the table below -A typically developing three-year-old should be able to follow which of the following directions?

Describe an event in which you fall victim to the anchoring effect as a consumer. Then describe how you can use your knowledge of the anchoring effect to avoid falling victim to it the next time you are in a similar situation.

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the table below -Which of the following scenarios represents age-appropriate behavior?

Introduction: Principles of Psychology

Psychology As a Science

The Neuroscience of Behavior

Genes, Environment, and Behavior

Developmental Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Intelligence

Motivation and the Regulation of Behavior

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Personality

Social Psychology

Clinical Psychology

Filters

Exam 10: Language and Cognition

In general, the slower a subject's reaction time is in a cognitive psychology experiment, the

In terms of prototypes and concepts, a desk is to office furniture as a _______ is to _______.

Which of the following situations best exemplifies the use of the availability heuristic?

Which of the following parts of attention most involves the sense of hearing?

Saying that there is a sensitive period for human language acquisition in early life means that

When a child says "More cake!" she is using _______ speech.

You can use the _______ to your advantage when making a very low offer for an auction item in the hopes of getting a good price.

Which of the following situations best exemplifies the gambler's fallacy?

Scientists who study language are called

_______ is a brief lapse of attention that occurs shortly after a person detects a target.

One of the best sources of evidence that there is a sensitive period for human language development is that

Which of the following is the best example of hindsight bias?

During the associative phase of skill acquisition,

The cocktail party effect describes a phenomenon in which

Damage to Broca's area leads to an aphasia characterized by

Problem solving is often described in terms of the situation at the beginning of the problem, or _______, and the desired outcome of the problem, or _______.

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the table below -A typically developing three-year-old should be able to follow which of the following directions?

Describe an event in which you fall victim to the anchoring effect as a consumer. Then describe how you can use your knowledge of the anchoring effect to avoid falling victim to it the next time you are in a similar situation.

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the table below -Which of the following scenarios represents age-appropriate behavior?

Introduction: Principles of Psychology

Psychology As a Science

The Neuroscience of Behavior

Genes, Environment, and Behavior

Developmental Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Intelligence

Motivation and the Regulation of Behavior

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Personality

Social Psychology

Clinical Psychology

Filters

In terms of prototypes and concepts, a desk is to office furniture as a _ is to _.

Problem solving is often described in terms of the situation at the beginning of the problem, or _, and the desired outcome of the problem, or _.