Question 1

Which person is at greatest risk for developing a pulmonary embolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 25-year-old man with asthma 
B)  A 28-year-old woman in the first trimester of a normal pregnancy 
C)  A 42-year-old woman with a broken ankle 
D)  A 67-year-old man with a deep vein thrombosis in the femoral vein 
A)  A 25-year-old man with asthma 
B)  A 28-year-old woman in the first trimester of a normal pregnancy 
C)  A 42-year-old woman with a broken ankle 
D)  A 67-year-old man with a deep vein thrombosis in the femoral vein D

Question 2

Hypoventilation causes

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoxemia. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  increased minute ventilation. 
D)  decreased PaO₂. 
A)  hypoxemia. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  increased minute ventilation. 
D)  decreased PaO₂. A

Question 3

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction

Accepted Answer

A)  diverts blood to hypoxic regions. 
B)  increases blood flow to the base of the lung. 
C)  can lead to secondary pulmonary hypertension. 
D)  is always detrimental to the patient. 
A)  diverts blood to hypoxic regions. 
B)  increases blood flow to the base of the lung. 
C)  can lead to secondary pulmonary hypertension. 
D)  is always detrimental to the patient. C

Question 4

The amount of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  residual volume. 
B)  functional residual capacity. 
C)  expiratory reserve volume. 
D)  vital capacity. 
A)  residual volume. 
B)  functional residual capacity. 
C)  expiratory reserve volume. 
D)  vital capacity.

Question 5

Shifts in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve represent the

Accepted Answer

A)  effect of carbonic anhydrase on the uptake of CO₂. 
B)  ability of blood to pick up more CO₂ when PaO₂ is low. 
C)  amount of hydrogen in solution in the blood. 
D)  changes in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen. 
A)  effect of carbonic anhydrase on the uptake of CO₂. 
B)  ability of blood to pick up more CO₂ when PaO₂ is low. 
C)  amount of hydrogen in solution in the blood. 
D)  changes in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen.

Question 6

Chronic pulmonary hypertension can eventually cause which complication?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary emboli 
B)  Respiratory acidosis 
C)  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 
D)  Right heart failure 
A)  Pulmonary emboli 
B)  Respiratory acidosis 
C)  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 
D)  Right heart failure

Question 7

The pulmonary structure that has the least pulmonary blood flow is

Accepted Answer

A)  lung apex. 
B)  middle lung. 
C)  lower lung. 
D)  zone 4. 
A)  lung apex. 
B)  middle lung. 
C)  lower lung. 
D)  zone 4.

Question 8

Surfactant is a phospholipid that reduces

Accepted Answer

A)  pulmonary vascular capacitance. 
B)  elastic recoil force. 
C)  alveolar surface tension. 
D)  pulmonary capillary fragility. 
A)  pulmonary vascular capacitance. 
B)  elastic recoil force. 
C)  alveolar surface tension. 
D)  pulmonary capillary fragility.

Question 9

Primary pulmonary hypertension is

Accepted Answer

A)  more common in men. 
B)  readily treatable. 
C)  caused by genetic mutation. 
D)  rapidly progressive. 
A)  more common in men. 
B)  readily treatable. 
C)  caused by genetic mutation. 
D)  rapidly progressive.

Question 10

Secondary pulmonary hypertension is most often caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  increased pulmonary blood flow. 
B)  increased pulmonary vascular resistance. 
C)  increased left atrial pressure. 
D)  decreased alveolar compliance. 
A)  increased pulmonary blood flow. 
B)  increased pulmonary vascular resistance. 
C)  increased left atrial pressure. 
D)  decreased alveolar compliance.

Question 11

Most of the carbon dioxide in blood is transported

Accepted Answer

A)  as bicarbonate. 
B)  on the hemoglobin molecule. 
C)  as carbonic acid. 
D)  dissolved in plasma. 
A)  as bicarbonate. 
B)  on the hemoglobin molecule. 
C)  as carbonic acid. 
D)  dissolved in plasma.

Question 12

Right-sided heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension is also called

Accepted Answer

A)  diastolic heart failure. 
B)  high output failure. 
C)  coronary disease. 
D)  cor pulmonale. 
A)  diastolic heart failure. 
B)  high output failure. 
C)  coronary disease. 
D)  cor pulmonale.

Question 13

Which is true about lung compliance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Represents lung expandability 
B)  Decreases in the elderly 
C)  Can be decreased by obesity, abdominal distention, pregnancy 
D)  Is decreased in emphysema 
E)  Is affected by body position 
A)  Represents lung expandability 
B)  Decreases in the elderly 
C)  Can be decreased by obesity, abdominal distention, pregnancy 
D)  Is decreased in emphysema 
E)  Is affected by body position

Question 14

Virchow's triad can result in

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased pulmonary arterial pressure. 
B)  alveolar collapse. 
C)  pulmonary embolus. 
D)  bronchoconstriction. 
A)  decreased pulmonary arterial pressure. 
B)  alveolar collapse. 
C)  pulmonary embolus. 
D)  bronchoconstriction.

Question 15

The central chemoreceptors for respiratory control are

Accepted Answer

A)  located in the carotid artery. 
B)  responsive primarily to changes in pH and CO₂. 
C)  responsive primarily to hypoxemia. 
D)  less important than the peripheral chemoreceptors in maintaining respiration. 
A)  located in the carotid artery. 
B)  responsive primarily to changes in pH and CO₂. 
C)  responsive primarily to hypoxemia. 
D)  less important than the peripheral chemoreceptors in maintaining respiration.

Question 16

Structure(s)that engage in exchange of respiratory gases include(s)the

Accepted Answer

A)  trachea. 
B)  bronchi. 
C)  pulmonary artery. 
D)  pulmonary capillaries. 
E)  alveoli. 
A)  trachea. 
B)  bronchi. 
C)  pulmonary artery. 
D)  pulmonary capillaries. 
E)  alveoli.

Question 17

An increase in filtration of fluid from the pulmonary capillaries into the interstitium occurs with ________ pressure.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased capillary colloid 
B)  increased capillary hydrostatic 
C)  decreased capillary hydrostatic 
D)  decreased interstitial colloid 
A)  increased capillary colloid 
B)  increased capillary hydrostatic 
C)  decreased capillary hydrostatic 
D)  decreased interstitial colloid

Question 18

"My doctor said I have cor pul-something, which is a heart problem," says Mr.Garabedian."I thought I just had these bad lungs that can't be fixed.How can that make my heart go bad?" Which mechanism leads to the development of cor pulmonale, which should serve as the basis for your response to Mr.Garabedian?

Accepted Answer

A)  Left ventricular failure causes pulmonary venous congestion and pulmonary edema. 
B)  Pneumothorax causes compression atelectasis, decreased alveolar ventilation, and impaired oxygenation. 
C)  Increased resistance to pulmonary arterial flow leads to compensatory right ventricular hypertrophy. 
D)  Impaired ventilation causes decreased PaO₂, which precipitates cardiac dysrhythmias. 
A)  Left ventricular failure causes pulmonary venous congestion and pulmonary edema. 
B)  Pneumothorax causes compression atelectasis, decreased alveolar ventilation, and impaired oxygenation. 
C)  Increased resistance to pulmonary arterial flow leads to compensatory right ventricular hypertrophy. 
D)  Impaired ventilation causes decreased PaO₂, which precipitates cardiac dysrhythmias.

Question 19

The peripheral chemoreceptors

Accepted Answer

A)  are located in the medulla oblongata. 
B)  lead to hypoventilation when stimulated. 
C)  respond to the arterial oxygen level. 
D)  are unresponsive to pH and CO₂ levels. 
A)  are located in the medulla oblongata. 
B)  lead to hypoventilation when stimulated. 
C)  respond to the arterial oxygen level. 
D)  are unresponsive to pH and CO₂ levels.

Question 20

Autonomic nervous system stimulation effects on the respiratory system include

Accepted Answer

A)  parasympathetic stimulation dilates airways. 
B)  sympathetic stimulation constricts airways. 
C)  sympathetic stimulation relaxes pulmonary blood vessels. 
D)  the autonomic system has no effect on the respiratory system. 
A)  parasympathetic stimulation dilates airways. 
B)  sympathetic stimulation constricts airways. 
C)  sympathetic stimulation relaxes pulmonary blood vessels. 
D)  the autonomic system has no effect on the respiratory system.

Exam 21: Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Which person is at greatest risk for developing a pulmonary embolism?

Hypoventilation causes

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction

The amount of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration is called the

Shifts in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve represent the

Chronic pulmonary hypertension can eventually cause which complication?

The pulmonary structure that has the least pulmonary blood flow is

Surfactant is a phospholipid that reduces

Primary pulmonary hypertension is

Secondary pulmonary hypertension is most often caused by

Most of the carbon dioxide in blood is transported

Right-sided heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension is also called

Which is true about lung compliance?

Virchow's triad can result in

The central chemoreceptors for respiratory control are

Structure(s)that engage in exchange of respiratory gases include(s)the

An increase in filtration of fluid from the pulmonary capillaries into the interstitium occurs with ________ pressure.

The peripheral chemoreceptors

Autonomic nervous system stimulation effects on the respiratory system include

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Neoplasia

Infectious Processes

Inflammation and Immunity

Alterations in Immune Function

Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

HIV Disease and AIDS

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Alterations in Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation

Alterations in Blood Flow

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Cardiac Function

Alterations in Cardiac Function

Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Shock

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Renal Function

Intrarenal Disorders

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract

Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Gastrointestinal Function

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Liver Diseases

Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Disorders of Endocrine Function

Diabetes Mellitus

Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Alterations in Special Sensory Function

Pain

Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders

Alterations in the Integumentary System

Burn Injuries

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