Question 1

The primary adaptive purpose of the substances produced in the alarm stage is

Accepted Answer

A)  energy and repair. 
B)  invoke resting state. 
C)  produce exhaustion. 
D)  set a new baseline steady state. 
A)  energy and repair. 
B)  invoke resting state. 
C)  produce exhaustion. 
D)  set a new baseline steady state. A

Question 2

All the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except

Accepted Answer

A)  aldosterone. 
B)  cortisol. 
C)  norepinephrine. 
D)  epinephrine. 
A)  aldosterone. 
B)  cortisol. 
C)  norepinephrine. 
D)  epinephrine. A

Question 3

Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  tachycardia. 
B)  diaphoresis. 
C)  increased peripheral resistance. 
D)  pupil constriction. 
A)  tachycardia. 
B)  diaphoresis. 
C)  increased peripheral resistance. 
D)  pupil constriction. D

Question 4

The effect of stress on the immune system

Accepted Answer

A)  is unknown. 
B)  has been demonstrated to be non-existent in studies. 
C)  most often involves enhancement of the immune system. 
D)  may involve enhancement or impairment the immune system. 
A)  is unknown. 
B)  has been demonstrated to be non-existent in studies. 
C)  most often involves enhancement of the immune system. 
D)  may involve enhancement or impairment the immune system.

Question 5

Events which occur during the alarm stage of the stress response include secretion of

Accepted Answer

A)  catecholamines. 
B)  ACTH. 
C)  glucocorticoids. 
D)  immune cytokines. 
E)  TSH. 
A)  catecholamines. 
B)  ACTH. 
C)  glucocorticoids. 
D)  immune cytokines. 
E)  TSH.

Question 6

Allostasis is best defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  steady state. 
B)  a state of equilibrium, of balance within the organism. 
C)  the process by which the body heals following disease. 
D)  the overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain survival and well-being. 
A)  steady state. 
B)  a state of equilibrium, of balance within the organism. 
C)  the process by which the body heals following disease. 
D)  the overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain survival and well-being.

Question 7

Aldosterone may increase during stress, leading to

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased urinary output. 
B)  increased blood potassium. 
C)  increased sodium retention. 
D)  increased blood volume. 
E)  decreased blood pressure. 
A)  decreased urinary output. 
B)  increased blood potassium. 
C)  increased sodium retention. 
D)  increased blood volume. 
E)  decreased blood pressure.

Question 8

The effects of excessive cortisol production include

Accepted Answer

A)  immune suppression. 
B)  hypoglycemia. 
C)  anorexia. 
D)  inflammatory reactions. 
A)  immune suppression. 
B)  hypoglycemia. 
C)  anorexia. 
D)  inflammatory reactions.

Question 9

Which is not normally secreted in response to stress?

Accepted Answer

A)  Norepinephrine 
B)  Cortisol 
C)  Epinephrine 
D)  Insulin 
A)  Norepinephrine 
B)  Cortisol 
C)  Epinephrine 
D)  Insulin

Question 10

Chronic activation of stress hormones can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiovascular disease. 
B)  depression. 
C)  impaired cognitive function. 
D)  autoimmune disease. 
E)  overactive immune function. 
A)  cardiovascular disease. 
B)  depression. 
C)  impaired cognitive function. 
D)  autoimmune disease. 
E)  overactive immune function.

Question 11

Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in

Accepted Answer

A)  stress reduction. 
B)  permanent damage and death. 
C)  movement into the resistance stage. 
D)  exhaustion of the sympathetic nervous system. 
A)  stress reduction. 
B)  permanent damage and death. 
C)  movement into the resistance stage. 
D)  exhaustion of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 12

Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by

Accepted Answer

A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  cortisol. 
C)  glucagon. 
D)  ACTH. 
A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  cortisol. 
C)  glucagon. 
D)  ACTH.

Question 13

Selye's three phases of the stress response include all the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  allostasis. 
B)  resistance. 
C)  alarm. 
D)  exhaustion. 
A)  allostasis. 
B)  resistance. 
C)  alarm. 
D)  exhaustion.

Exam 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors

The primary adaptive purpose of the substances produced in the alarm stage is

All the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except

Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except

The effect of stress on the immune system

Events which occur during the alarm stage of the stress response include secretion of

Allostasis is best defined as

Aldosterone may increase during stress, leading to

The effects of excessive cortisol production include

Which is not normally secreted in response to stress?

Chronic activation of stress hormones can lead to

Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in

Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by

Selye's three phases of the stress response include all the following except

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Neoplasia

Infectious Processes

Inflammation and Immunity

Alterations in Immune Function

Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

HIV Disease and AIDS

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Alterations in Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation

Alterations in Blood Flow

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Cardiac Function

Alterations in Cardiac Function

Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Shock

Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Renal Function

Intrarenal Disorders

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract

Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Gastrointestinal Function

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Liver Diseases

Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Disorders of Endocrine Function

Diabetes Mellitus

Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Alterations in Special Sensory Function

Pain

Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders

Alterations in the Integumentary System

Burn Injuries

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