Question 1

Ankylosing spondylitis causes

Accepted Answer

A)  intervertebral joint fusion. 
B)  instability of synovial joints. 
C)  costal cartilage degeneration. 
D)  temporomandibular joint degeneration. 
A)  intervertebral joint fusion. 
B)  instability of synovial joints. 
C)  costal cartilage degeneration. 
D)  temporomandibular joint degeneration. A

Question 2

Signs/symptoms of Lyme disease include

Accepted Answer

A)  fever and chills. 
B)  migratory rash. 
C)  arthritic pain. 
D)  headache. 
E)  myalgia. 
A)  fever and chills. 
B)  migratory rash. 
C)  arthritic pain. 
D)  headache. 
E)  myalgia. A, C, D, E

Question 3

The chief pathologic features of osteoarthritis are

Accepted Answer

A)  stress fractures of the epiphysis, inflammation of the diaphysis, and accumulation of excessive synovial fluid. 
B)  autoimmune damage to the synovium, destruction of articular cartilage by pannus, and thickening of synovial fluid. 
C)  degeneration of articular cartilage, destruction of the bone under the cartilage, and thickening of the synovium. 
D)  thinning of the joint capsule, resorption of bone, excessive formation of new bone, and formation of bone spurs. 
A)  stress fractures of the epiphysis, inflammation of the diaphysis, and accumulation of excessive synovial fluid. 
B)  autoimmune damage to the synovium, destruction of articular cartilage by pannus, and thickening of synovial fluid. 
C)  degeneration of articular cartilage, destruction of the bone under the cartilage, and thickening of the synovium. 
D)  thinning of the joint capsule, resorption of bone, excessive formation of new bone, and formation of bone spurs. C

Question 4

Manifestations of osteoarthritis include

Accepted Answer

A)  nodules on joints of the hands. 
B)  crepitus with joint movement. 
C)  pain that is worse upon arising in the morning. 
D)  stiffness that worsens with joint use. 
E)  narrowing of joint spaces. 
A)  nodules on joints of the hands. 
B)  crepitus with joint movement. 
C)  pain that is worse upon arising in the morning. 
D)  stiffness that worsens with joint use. 
E)  narrowing of joint spaces.

Question 5

"Please explain the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis to me," says another nurse."Is it just wear and tear so that the cartilage wears out?" Your best response is

Accepted Answer

A)  "Yes; repeated use just wears out the cartilage, until it becomes thin and denuded. That causes pain and will eventually cause joint inflammation." 
B)  "Yes; with increasing age, the inflammation from repeated joint use accumulates and causes the cartilage to get thin and ragged until it disappears." 
C)  "No; cells in bone, cartilage, and the synovial membrane all get activated and secrete inflammatory mediators that destroy cartilage and damage bone." 
D)  "No; autoimmune cells infiltrate the joint and collect on the cartilage in a mass called 'pannus' that eventually thins and destroys the cartilage." 
A)  "Yes; repeated use just wears out the cartilage, until it becomes thin and denuded. That causes pain and will eventually cause joint inflammation." 
B)  "Yes; with increasing age, the inflammation from repeated joint use accumulates and causes the cartilage to get thin and ragged until it disappears." 
C)  "No; cells in bone, cartilage, and the synovial membrane all get activated and secrete inflammatory mediators that destroy cartilage and damage bone." 
D)  "No; autoimmune cells infiltrate the joint and collect on the cartilage in a mass called 'pannus' that eventually thins and destroys the cartilage."

Question 6

Individuals diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)are at risk for developing numerous complications of various organs because of

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive production of connective tissue. 
B)  formation of osteophytes in tissues. 
C)  immune injury to basement membranes. 
D)  impaired tissue oxygen transport. 
A)  excessive production of connective tissue. 
B)  formation of osteophytes in tissues. 
C)  immune injury to basement membranes. 
D)  impaired tissue oxygen transport.

Question 7

A patient diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)is treated with low-dose oral steroids to reduce joint inflammation during intermittent flare-ups.Steroids are used because they

Accepted Answer

A)  can be rapidly discontinued when no longer needed. 
B)  specifically suppress autoantibody production. 
C)  have minimal side effects. 
D)  effectively suppress a variety of immune responses. 
A)  can be rapidly discontinued when no longer needed. 
B)  specifically suppress autoantibody production. 
C)  have minimal side effects. 
D)  effectively suppress a variety of immune responses.

Question 8

Tophi are

Accepted Answer

A)  renal calculi composed of uric acid. 
B)  deposits of urate crystals in tissues. 
C)  painful edematous joints. 
D)  spots that coalesce in a malar rash. 
A)  renal calculi composed of uric acid. 
B)  deposits of urate crystals in tissues. 
C)  painful edematous joints. 
D)  spots that coalesce in a malar rash.

Question 9

Characteristics of gout include

Accepted Answer

A)  disturbed uric acid metabolism. 
B)  crystalline deposits in bony and connective tissue. 
C)  onset before menopause in women. 
D)  cardiac involvement. 
E)  renal involvement. 
A)  disturbed uric acid metabolism. 
B)  crystalline deposits in bony and connective tissue. 
C)  onset before menopause in women. 
D)  cardiac involvement. 
E)  renal involvement.

Question 10

The final stage of gout, characterized by crystalline deposits in cartilage, synovial membranes, and soft tissue, is called

Accepted Answer

A)  tophaceous gout. 
B)  gouty arthritis. 
C)  complicated gout. 
D)  asymptomatic hyperuricemia. 
A)  tophaceous gout. 
B)  gouty arthritis. 
C)  complicated gout. 
D)  asymptomatic hyperuricemia.

Question 11

Polymyositis leads to

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle weakness and stiffness. 
B)  difficulty lifting the head from a pillow. 
C)  severe muscle pain. 
D)  difficulty with overhead functional activity. 
E)  cardiac involvement. 
A)  muscle weakness and stiffness. 
B)  difficulty lifting the head from a pillow. 
C)  severe muscle pain. 
D)  difficulty with overhead functional activity. 
E)  cardiac involvement.

Question 12

To avoid the progression of cutaneous lesions, a patient diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)should

Accepted Answer

A)  avoid sun exposure. 
B)  avoid excessive use of moisturizers. 
C)  refrain from washing the affected areas. 
D)  apply warm, wet compresses daily. 
A)  avoid sun exposure. 
B)  avoid excessive use of moisturizers. 
C)  refrain from washing the affected areas. 
D)  apply warm, wet compresses daily.

Question 13

Rheumatoid arthritis involves joint inflammation caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial infection. 
B)  trauma. 
C)  autoimmune injury. 
D)  congenital hypermobility. 
A)  bacterial infection. 
B)  trauma. 
C)  autoimmune injury. 
D)  congenital hypermobility.

Question 14

Although skin manifestations may occur in numerous locations, the classic presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)includes

Accepted Answer

A)  lesions affecting the palms of hands and the soles of feet. 
B)  dry, scaly patches in the antecubital area and behind the knees. 
C)  cracked, scaly areas in the webs of fingers. 
D)  a butterfly pattern rash on the face across the bridge of the nose. 
A)  lesions affecting the palms of hands and the soles of feet. 
B)  dry, scaly patches in the antecubital area and behind the knees. 
C)  cracked, scaly areas in the webs of fingers. 
D)  a butterfly pattern rash on the face across the bridge of the nose.

Question 15

Rheumatoid arthritis is commonly associated with the presence of rheumatoid factor autoantibodies in the bloodstream.This indicates that rheumatoid arthritis is likely to be

Accepted Answer

A)  due to bacterial infection. 
B)  an autoimmune process. 
C)  an infective process. 
D)  due to an enzymatic defect. 
A)  due to bacterial infection. 
B)  an autoimmune process. 
C)  an infective process. 
D)  due to an enzymatic defect.

Question 16

Systemic disorders include

Accepted Answer

A)  adhesive capsulitis. 
B)  verrucae. 
C)  osteoarthritis. 
D)  rheumatoid arthritis. 
A)  adhesive capsulitis. 
B)  verrucae. 
C)  osteoarthritis. 
D)  rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 17

The pain of nonarticular rheumatism ("growing pain")is worse

Accepted Answer

A)  during activity. 
B)  following strenuous exercise. 
C)  upon awakening. 
D)  during the night. 
A)  during activity. 
B)  following strenuous exercise. 
C)  upon awakening. 
D)  during the night.

Question 18

The pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis involves

Accepted Answer

A)  immune cells accumulating in pannus and destroying articular cartilage. 
B)  free radicals attaching to the synovial membrane and tunneling into articular cartilage. 
C)  excessive wear and tear and microtrauma that damage articular cartilage. 
D)  cysts developing in subchondral bone and creating fissures in articular cartilage. 
A)  immune cells accumulating in pannus and destroying articular cartilage. 
B)  free radicals attaching to the synovial membrane and tunneling into articular cartilage. 
C)  excessive wear and tear and microtrauma that damage articular cartilage. 
D)  cysts developing in subchondral bone and creating fissures in articular cartilage.

Question 19

Enteropathic arthritis is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  irritable bowel syndrome. 
B)  inflammatory bowel disease. 
C)  chronic constipation. 
D)  chronic diarrhea. 
A)  irritable bowel syndrome. 
B)  inflammatory bowel disease. 
C)  chronic constipation. 
D)  chronic diarrhea.

Question 20

The most common presenting sign/symptom with rheumatic fever is

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac murmur. 
B)  polyarthritis. 
C)  rash. 
D)  painless nodules. 
A)  cardiac murmur. 
B)  polyarthritis. 
C)  rash. 
D)  painless nodules.

Exam 52: Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders

Ankylosing spondylitis causes

Signs/symptoms of Lyme disease include

The chief pathologic features of osteoarthritis are

Manifestations of osteoarthritis include

"Please explain the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis to me," says another nurse."Is it just wear and tear so that the cartilage wears out?" Your best response is

Individuals diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)are at risk for developing numerous complications of various organs because of

A patient diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)is treated with low-dose oral steroids to reduce joint inflammation during intermittent flare-ups.Steroids are used because they

Tophi are

Characteristics of gout include

The final stage of gout, characterized by crystalline deposits in cartilage, synovial membranes, and soft tissue, is called

Polymyositis leads to

To avoid the progression of cutaneous lesions, a patient diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)should

Rheumatoid arthritis involves joint inflammation caused by

Although skin manifestations may occur in numerous locations, the classic presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)includes

Rheumatoid arthritis is commonly associated with the presence of rheumatoid factor autoantibodies in the bloodstream.This indicates that rheumatoid arthritis is likely to be

Systemic disorders include

The pain of nonarticular rheumatism ("growing pain")is worse

The pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis involves

Enteropathic arthritis is associated with

The most common presenting sign/symptom with rheumatic fever is

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Neoplasia

Infectious Processes

Inflammation and Immunity

Alterations in Immune Function

Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

HIV Disease and AIDS

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Alterations in Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation

Alterations in Blood Flow

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Cardiac Function

Alterations in Cardiac Function

Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Shock

Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Renal Function

Intrarenal Disorders

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract

Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Gastrointestinal Function

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Liver Diseases

Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Disorders of Endocrine Function

Diabetes Mellitus

Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Alterations in Special Sensory Function

Pain

Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

Alterations in the Integumentary System

Burn Injuries

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