Question 1

A person with acute hypoxemia may hyperventilate and develop

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic alkalosis. 
D)  metabolic acidosis. 
A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic alkalosis. 
D)  metabolic acidosis. B

Question 2

A patient has been hospitalized several times in 6 months with severe ECV depletion and hypokalemia resulting from chronic laxative abuse.Which blood gas results should be relayed to the physician?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH in high part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaO₂ normal, bicarbonate normal 
B)  pH in high part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaO₂ high, bicarbonate high 
C)  pH in low part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaO₂ low, bicarbonate low 
D)  pH in low part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaO₂ normal, bicarbonate normal 
A)  pH in high part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaO₂ normal, bicarbonate normal 
B)  pH in high part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaO₂ high, bicarbonate high 
C)  pH in low part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaO₂ low, bicarbonate low 
D)  pH in low part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaO₂ normal, bicarbonate normal B

Question 3

A 3 year old is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis.What signs and symptoms should you anticipate in your assessment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slow, shallow breathing, belligerence, hyperexcitability 
B)  Slow, shallow breathing, numbness and tingling around his mouth 
C)  Rapid, deep breathing, lethargy, abdominal pain 
D)  Rapid, deep breathing, tremors, elevated blood pressure 
A)  Slow, shallow breathing, belligerence, hyperexcitability 
B)  Slow, shallow breathing, numbness and tingling around his mouth 
C)  Rapid, deep breathing, lethargy, abdominal pain 
D)  Rapid, deep breathing, tremors, elevated blood pressure C

Question 4

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperventilation. 
B)  pneumonia. 
C)  chest muscle weakness. 
D)  pulmonary edema. 
A)  hyperventilation. 
B)  pneumonia. 
C)  chest muscle weakness. 
D)  pulmonary edema.

Question 5

The arterial blood gas pH = 7.52, PaCO₂ = 30 mm Hg, HCO₃- = 24 mEq/L demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  respiratory acidosis. 
C)  respiratory alkalosis. 
D)  mixed alkalosis. 
A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  respiratory acidosis. 
C)  respiratory alkalosis. 
D)  mixed alkalosis.

Question 6

The body compensates for metabolic alkalosis by

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoventilation. 
B)  decreasing arterial carbon dioxide. 
C)  increasing bicarbonate ion excretion. 
D)  hyperventilation. 
A)  hypoventilation. 
B)  decreasing arterial carbon dioxide. 
C)  increasing bicarbonate ion excretion. 
D)  hyperventilation.

Question 7

The major buffer in the extracellular fluid is

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  albumin. 
C)  bicarbonate. 
D)  phosphate. 
A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  albumin. 
C)  bicarbonate. 
D)  phosphate.

Question 8

The finding of ketones in the blood suggests that a person may have

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  respiratory acidosis. 
D)  respiratory alkalosis. 
A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  respiratory acidosis. 
D)  respiratory alkalosis.

Question 9

A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms may experience

Accepted Answer

A)  neuromuscular depression. 
B)  anxiety acidosis. 
C)  numbness and tingling in the extremities. 
D)  acute compensatory metabolic acidosis. 
A)  neuromuscular depression. 
B)  anxiety acidosis. 
C)  numbness and tingling in the extremities. 
D)  acute compensatory metabolic acidosis.

Question 10

Causes of metabolic acidosis include

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperventilation. 
B)  massive blood transfusion. 
C)  tissue anoxia. 
D)  hypoventilation. 
A)  hyperventilation. 
B)  massive blood transfusion. 
C)  tissue anoxia. 
D)  hypoventilation.

Question 11

Diarrhea causes

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis.

Question 12

Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis is evidenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased carbon dioxide. 
B)  elevated carbon dioxide. 
C)  decreased bicarbonate ion concentration. 
D)  elevated bicarbonate ion concentration. 
A)  decreased carbon dioxide. 
B)  elevated carbon dioxide. 
C)  decreased bicarbonate ion concentration. 
D)  elevated bicarbonate ion concentration.

Question 13

The ________ system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  gastrointestinal 
B)  renal 
C)  cardiovascular 
D)  respiratory 
A)  gastrointestinal 
B)  renal 
C)  cardiovascular 
D)  respiratory

Question 14

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased pH, increased HCO₃--. 
B)  increased pH, decreased HCO₃-. 
C)  decreased pH, increased HCO₃-. 
D)  decreased pH, decreased HCO₃-. 
A)  increased pH, increased HCO₃--. 
B)  increased pH, decreased HCO₃-. 
C)  decreased pH, increased HCO₃-. 
D)  decreased pH, decreased HCO₃-.

Question 15

Early manifestations of a developing metabolic acidosis include

Accepted Answer

A)  coma. 
B)  headache. 
C)  muscle cramps. 
D)  short and shallow respirations. 
A)  coma. 
B)  headache. 
C)  muscle cramps. 
D)  short and shallow respirations.

Question 16

Metabolic alkalosis is often accompanied by

Accepted Answer

A)  hypernatremia. 
B)  hyponatremia. 
C)  hyperkalemia. 
D)  hypokalemia. 
A)  hypernatremia. 
B)  hyponatremia. 
C)  hyperkalemia. 
D)  hypokalemia.

Question 17

Respiratory acidosis may be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperventilation. 
B)  massive blood transfusion. 
C)  tissue hypoxia. 
D)  hypoventilation. 
A)  hyperventilation. 
B)  massive blood transfusion. 
C)  tissue hypoxia. 
D)  hypoventilation.

Question 18

Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic 
B)  Carbonic 
C)  Bicarbonate 
D)  Ammonia 
A)  Metabolic 
B)  Carbonic 
C)  Bicarbonate 
D)  Ammonia

Question 19

Diarrhea and other lower intestinal fluid losses will contribute to

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic alkalosis. 
B)  metabolic acidosis. 
C)  respiratory acidosis. 
D)  mixed acid-base disorders. 
A)  metabolic alkalosis. 
B)  metabolic acidosis. 
C)  respiratory acidosis. 
D)  mixed acid-base disorders.

Question 20

Fully compensated respiratory acidosis is demonstrated by

Accepted Answer

A)  pH 7.36, PaO₂ 55, HCO₃- 36. 
B)  pH 7.45, PaO₂ 40, HCO₃-28. 
C)  pH 7.26, PaO₂ 60, HCO₃- 26. 
D)  pH 7.40, PaO₂ 40, HCO₃- 24. 
A)  pH 7.36, PaO₂ 55, HCO₃- 36. 
B)  pH 7.45, PaO₂ 40, HCO₃-28. 
C)  pH 7.26, PaO₂ 60, HCO₃- 26. 
D)  pH 7.40, PaO₂ 40, HCO₃- 24.

Exam 25: Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

A person with acute hypoxemia may hyperventilate and develop

A patient has been hospitalized several times in 6 months with severe ECV depletion and hypokalemia resulting from chronic laxative abuse.Which blood gas results should be relayed to the physician?

A 3 year old is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis.What signs and symptoms should you anticipate in your assessment?

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by

The arterial blood gas pH = 7.52, PaCO₂ = 30 mm Hg, HCO₃- = 24 mEq/L demonstrates

The body compensates for metabolic alkalosis by

The major buffer in the extracellular fluid is

The finding of ketones in the blood suggests that a person may have

A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms may experience

Causes of metabolic acidosis include

Diarrhea causes

Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis is evidenced by

The ________ system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in

Early manifestations of a developing metabolic acidosis include

Metabolic alkalosis is often accompanied by

Respiratory acidosis may be caused by

Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete?

Diarrhea and other lower intestinal fluid losses will contribute to

Fully compensated respiratory acidosis is demonstrated by

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Neoplasia

Infectious Processes

Inflammation and Immunity

Alterations in Immune Function

Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

HIV Disease and AIDS

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Alterations in Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation

Alterations in Blood Flow

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Cardiac Function

Alterations in Cardiac Function

Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Shock

Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Renal Function

Intrarenal Disorders

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract

Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Gastrointestinal Function

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Liver Diseases

Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Disorders of Endocrine Function

Diabetes Mellitus

Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Alterations in Special Sensory Function

Pain

Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders

Alterations in the Integumentary System

Burn Injuries

Filters

The arterial blood gas pH = 7.52, PaCO₂ = 30 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 24 mEq/L demonstrates