A) base found in nucleic acids. B) purine or pyrimidine base plus a five-carbon sugar. C) purine or pyrimidine base, a five-carbon sugar, and one or more phosphate groups. D) purine or pyrimidine base, a five-carbon sugar, and three phosphate groups. A) base found in nucleic acids. B) purine or pyrimidine base plus a five-carbon sugar. C) purine or pyrimidine base, a five-carbon sugar, and one or more phosphate groups. D) purine or pyrimidine base, a five-carbon sugar, and three phosphate groups.

Exam 3: Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Gluconeogenesis involves the conversion of pyruvate to glucose. In a formal sense, this is essentially the reversal of glycolysis. However, the actual reactions are different. Explain this.

(Essay)

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Question 21

What is the definition of free-energy change?

(Short Answer)

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Question 22

The _ produced by the electron transport chain drives a flow of these ions through a complex of proteins called _ to produce ATP from ADP and P_i.

(Short Answer)

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Question 23

Traditionally, it was assumed that ATP synthesis in mitochondria would be via high-energy phosphate group transfer intermediates, but none have ever been found. How does the chemiosmotic theory explain their absence?

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Question 24

Fatty acids are broken down in a stepwise process, _______ carbon(s) at a time.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 25

The potential energy stored in the proton gradient that drives oxidative phosphorylation is totally chemical in nature.

(True/False)

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Question 26

What is the change in free energy ( $\Delta$ G) for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and P_i in the cell?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 27

Where in "typical" eukaryotic cells does the citric acid cycle occur? Be specific if the process or event occurs in only one part of an organelle. If you are not sure, give the location of the enzymes that catalyze the process.

(Short Answer)

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Question 28

What is the definition of Gibbs free energy (G)?

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Question 29

In humans, how many amino acids must be taken up in the diet?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 30

Suppose that in a cell culture experiment you add glucose uniformly labeled with carbon-14 to the culture medium. You then assay for the kinetics of carbon-14 incorporation into various amino acids. You find that carbon-14 is incorporated into histidine before it is incorporated into aspartate. Why?

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Question 31

Nucleic acid synthesis occurs by polymerization of nucleotide monophosphates into DNA or RNA.

(True/False)

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Question 32

In photosynthesis, energy from sunlight is used to drive the synthesis of ATP and NADPH.

(True/False)

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Question 33

In plants, the molecule that captures energy from sunlight is

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 34

The conversion of A into B has a $\Delta$ G of +13 kcal/mol, and the conversion of C into D has a $\Delta$ G of -25 kcal/mol. If the two reactions are coupled through an enzyme, such that A + C goes to B + D, what is the free energy change, and in which direction will the reaction proceed?

(Essay)

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Question 35

Because fatty acids are synthesized by the stepwise addition of acetyl CoA derivatives, they differ in length by units of _______ carbon(s).

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 36

Antimetabolite chemotherapy succeeds as a treatment for childhood leukemia because

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 37

The production of one glucose from two pyruvates requires _______ more than is obtained through glycolysis.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 38

The reduction of atmospheric N₂ to NH₃ by certain species of bacteria is referred to as _______.

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Question 39

A nucleotide is a

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Question 40

Showing 21 - 40 of 138

Gluconeogenesis involves the conversion of pyruvate to glucose. In a formal sense, this is essentially the reversal of glycolysis. However, the actual reactions are different. Explain this.

What is the definition of free-energy change?

The _ produced by the electron transport chain drives a flow of these ions through a complex of proteins called _ to produce ATP from ADP and P_i.

Traditionally, it was assumed that ATP synthesis in mitochondria would be via high-energy phosphate group transfer intermediates, but none have ever been found. How does the chemiosmotic theory explain their absence?

Fatty acids are broken down in a stepwise process, _______ carbon(s) at a time.

The potential energy stored in the proton gradient that drives oxidative phosphorylation is totally chemical in nature.

What is the change in free energy ( $\Delta$ G) for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and P_i in the cell?

Where in "typical" eukaryotic cells does the citric acid cycle occur? Be specific if the process or event occurs in only one part of an organelle. If you are not sure, give the location of the enzymes that catalyze the process.

What is the definition of Gibbs free energy (G)?

In humans, how many amino acids must be taken up in the diet?

Suppose that in a cell culture experiment you add glucose uniformly labeled with carbon-14 to the culture medium. You then assay for the kinetics of carbon-14 incorporation into various amino acids. You find that carbon-14 is incorporated into histidine before it is incorporated into aspartate. Why?

Nucleic acid synthesis occurs by polymerization of nucleotide monophosphates into DNA or RNA.

In photosynthesis, energy from sunlight is used to drive the synthesis of ATP and NADPH.

In plants, the molecule that captures energy from sunlight is

The conversion of A into B has a $\Delta$ G of +13 kcal/mol, and the conversion of C into D has a $\Delta$ G of -25 kcal/mol. If the two reactions are coupled through an enzyme, such that A + C goes to B + D, what is the free energy change, and in which direction will the reaction proceed?

Because fatty acids are synthesized by the stepwise addition of acetyl CoA derivatives, they differ in length by units of _______ carbon(s).

Antimetabolite chemotherapy succeeds as a treatment for childhood leukemia because

The production of one glucose from two pyruvates requires _______ more than is obtained through glycolysis.

The reduction of atmospheric N₂ to NH₃ by certain species of bacteria is referred to as _______.

A nucleotide is a

An Overview of Cells and Cell Research

Molecules and Membranes

Fundamentals of Molecular Biology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Systems Biology

Genes and Genomes

Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic Dna

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Transcriptional Regulation and Epigenetics

Protein Synthesis, Processing, and Regulation

The Nucleus

Protein Sorting and Transport

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement

The Plasma Membrane

Cell Walls, the Extracellular Matrix, and Cell Interactions

Cell Signaling

The Cell Cycle

Cell Death and Cell Renewal

Cancer

Filters

Exam 3: Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Gluconeogenesis involves the conversion of pyruvate to glucose. In a formal sense, this is essentially the reversal of glycolysis. However, the actual reactions are different. Explain this.

What is the definition of free-energy change?

The _______ produced by the electron transport chain drives a flow of these ions through a complex of proteins called _______ to produce ATP from ADP and Pi.

Traditionally, it was assumed that ATP synthesis in mitochondria would be via high-energy phosphate group transfer intermediates, but none have ever been found. How does the chemiosmotic theory explain their absence?

Fatty acids are broken down in a stepwise process, _______ carbon(s) at a time.

The potential energy stored in the proton gradient that drives oxidative phosphorylation is totally chemical in nature.

What is the change in free energy ( Δ\DeltaΔ G) for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi in the cell?

Where in "typical" eukaryotic cells does the citric acid cycle occur? Be specific if the process or event occurs in only one part of an organelle. If you are not sure, give the location of the enzymes that catalyze the process.

What is the definition of Gibbs free energy (G)?

In humans, how many amino acids must be taken up in the diet?

Nucleic acid synthesis occurs by polymerization of nucleotide monophosphates into DNA or RNA.

In photosynthesis, energy from sunlight is used to drive the synthesis of ATP and NADPH.

In plants, the molecule that captures energy from sunlight is

The conversion of A into B has a Δ\DeltaΔ G of +13 kcal/mol, and the conversion of C into D has a Δ\DeltaΔ G of -25 kcal/mol. If the two reactions are coupled through an enzyme, such that A + C goes to B + D, what is the free energy change, and in which direction will the reaction proceed?

Because fatty acids are synthesized by the stepwise addition of acetyl CoA derivatives, they differ in length by units of _______ carbon(s).

Antimetabolite chemotherapy succeeds as a treatment for childhood leukemia because

The production of one glucose from two pyruvates requires _______ more than is obtained through glycolysis.

The reduction of atmospheric N2 to NH3 by certain species of bacteria is referred to as _______.

A nucleotide is a

An Overview of Cells and Cell Research

Molecules and Membranes

Fundamentals of Molecular Biology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Systems Biology

Genes and Genomes

Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic Dna

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Transcriptional Regulation and Epigenetics

Protein Synthesis, Processing, and Regulation

The Nucleus

Protein Sorting and Transport

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement

The Plasma Membrane

Cell Walls, the Extracellular Matrix, and Cell Interactions

Cell Signaling

The Cell Cycle

Cell Death and Cell Renewal

Cancer

Filters

The _ produced by the electron transport chain drives a flow of these ions through a complex of proteins called _ to produce ATP from ADP and P_i.

What is the change in free energy ( $\Delta$ G) for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and P_i in the cell?

The conversion of A into B has a $\Delta$ G of +13 kcal/mol, and the conversion of C into D has a $\Delta$ G of -25 kcal/mol. If the two reactions are coupled through an enzyme, such that A + C goes to B + D, what is the free energy change, and in which direction will the reaction proceed?

The reduction of atmospheric N₂ to NH₃ by certain species of bacteria is referred to as _______.