Question 1

siRNAs act primarily to inhibit

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription, by binding to specific genes. 
B)  transcription, by formation of heterochromatin. 
C)  translation, by blocking ribosomal attachment. 
D)  translation, by binding to an mRNA. 
A)  transcription, by binding to specific genes. 
B)  transcription, by formation of heterochromatin. 
C)  translation, by blocking ribosomal attachment. 
D)  translation, by binding to an mRNA. D

Question 2

Proteins are often regulated by phosphorylation, which is catalyzed by enzymes called

Accepted Answer

A)  protein phosphatases. 
B)  phosphoproteases. 
C)  protein phosphorylases. 
D)  protein kinases. 
A)  protein phosphatases. 
B)  phosphoproteases. 
C)  protein phosphorylases. 
D)  protein kinases. D

Question 3

Oocytes store mRNAs with _______ and activate them by _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  no cap; adding a cap 
B)  long poly-A tails; shortening the tails 
C)  short poly-A tails; lengthening the tails 
D)  bound siRNA; removing the siRNA 
A)  no cap; adding a cap 
B)  long poly-A tails; shortening the tails 
C)  short poly-A tails; lengthening the tails 
D)  bound siRNA; removing the siRNA C

Question 4

A single mRNA can code for more than one polypeptide chain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Why are disulfide bonds, which form between proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, unable to form between proteins in the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

Disulfide bonds cannot form be

Question 6

The capacity for some tRNAs to recognize more than one codon in mRNA is explained by a phenomenon called

Accepted Answer

A)  redundancy. 
B)  wobble. 
C)  reading frameshift. 
D)  degeneracy. 
A)  redundancy. 
B)  wobble. 
C)  reading frameshift. 
D)  degeneracy.

Question 7

Which statement about the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amino acid is first joined to AMP, forming an aminoacyl AMP intermediate. 
B)  Two molecules of ATP are required for the process, one at each step. 
C)  Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases catalyze the reaction. 
D)  The amino acid is transferred to the 3ʹ end of the tRNA. 
A)  The amino acid is first joined to AMP, forming an aminoacyl AMP intermediate. 
B)  Two molecules of ATP are required for the process, one at each step. 
C)  Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases catalyze the reaction. 
D)  The amino acid is transferred to the 3ʹ end of the tRNA.

Question 8

Prokaryotic ribosomes differ from eukaryotic ribosomes in that their large and small subunits are _______ and _______, respectively, rather than 60S and 40S.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prokaryotic ribosomes differ from eukaryotic ribosomes in...

Question 9

Elongation requires _______ GTP per amino acid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Elongation requires _______ GTP per amino acid....

Question 10

Initiation sequences in bacterial mRNAs are preceded by a specific sequence called a _______ sequence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Initiation sequences in bacterial mRNAs are preceded...

Question 11

By what mechanism is proinsulin converted to insulin?

Accepted Answer

Proinsulin is conver

Question 12

To what do glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor target proteins?

Accepted Answer

GPI anchors target p

Question 13

The formation of peptide bonds is catalyzed by which portion of the bacterial ribosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins of the small subunit 
B)  16S rRNA 
C)  Proteins of the large subunit 
D)  23S rRNA 
A)  Proteins of the small subunit 
B)  16S rRNA 
C)  Proteins of the large subunit 
D)  23S rRNA

Question 14

A protein kinase transfers a phosphate group from _______ to a protein.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A protein kinase transfers a phosphate group...

Question 15

Regulation of protein function is critical to cell physiology. Phosphorylation is frequently used to regulate protein function and is often referred to as an on/off switch for proteins. How are proteins phosphorylated, and what is a unique characteristic of phosphorylation that makes it such an ideal molecular switch?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are phosphorylated by protein k

Question 16

Which statement about translational initiation is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  In prokaryotes, ribosomes often bind the mRNA and can scan 5ʹ or 3ʹ until recognizing a Shine-Dalgarno sequence. 
B)  Viral mRNAs contain internal ribosome entry sites that allow ribosomes to bind to an internal site of the mRNA. 
C)  Initiation codons in prokaryotic cells are preceded by Shine-Dalgarno sequences. 
D)  5ʹ 7-methylguanosine caps serve as the point of recognition and binding for ribosomes in eukaryotic cells. 
A)  In prokaryotes, ribosomes often bind the mRNA and can scan 5ʹ or 3ʹ until recognizing a Shine-Dalgarno sequence. 
B)  Viral mRNAs contain internal ribosome entry sites that allow ribosomes to bind to an internal site of the mRNA. 
C)  Initiation codons in prokaryotic cells are preceded by Shine-Dalgarno sequences. 
D)  5ʹ 7-methylguanosine caps serve as the point of recognition and binding for ribosomes in eukaryotic cells.

Question 17

What is the key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNAs?

Accepted Answer

There are several structural and other s

Question 18

Suppose that a researcher wishes to determine the effect of shutting off production of protein Z in the cell. How could production of protein Z be shut off without altering any of Z's transcriptional control?

Accepted Answer

An excellent example is ferritin, an iro

Question 19

The correctly folded three-dimensional configuration of a protein is determined primarily by the

Accepted Answer

A)  sequence of nucleotides of its gene. 
B)  primary sequence of its amino acids. 
C)  chaperones with which it interacts. 
D)  pathway by which it folds. 
A)  sequence of nucleotides of its gene. 
B)  primary sequence of its amino acids. 
C)  chaperones with which it interacts. 
D)  pathway by which it folds.

Question 20

A proteasome is a

Accepted Answer

A)  vesicle containing proteolytic enzymes. 
B)  multisubunit protease complex that degrades proteins marked for destruction. 
C)  complex including one proteolytic enzyme and the protein that is being degraded. 
D)  precursor to lysosomes. 
A)  vesicle containing proteolytic enzymes. 
B)  multisubunit protease complex that degrades proteins marked for destruction. 
C)  complex including one proteolytic enzyme and the protein that is being degraded. 
D)  precursor to lysosomes.

siRNAs act primarily to inhibit

Proteins are often regulated by phosphorylation, which is catalyzed by enzymes called

Oocytes store mRNAs with _ and activate them by _.

A single mRNA can code for more than one polypeptide chain.

Why are disulfide bonds, which form between proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, unable to form between proteins in the cytosol?

The capacity for some tRNAs to recognize more than one codon in mRNA is explained by a phenomenon called

Which statement about the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs is false?

Prokaryotic ribosomes differ from eukaryotic ribosomes in that their large and small subunits are _ and _, respectively, rather than 60S and 40S.

Elongation requires _______ GTP per amino acid.

Initiation sequences in bacterial mRNAs are preceded by a specific sequence called a _______ sequence.

By what mechanism is proinsulin converted to insulin?

To what do glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor target proteins?

The formation of peptide bonds is catalyzed by which portion of the bacterial ribosome?

A protein kinase transfers a phosphate group from _______ to a protein.

Which statement about translational initiation is false?

What is the key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNAs?

Suppose that a researcher wishes to determine the effect of shutting off production of protein Z in the cell. How could production of protein Z be shut off without altering any of Z's transcriptional control?

The correctly folded three-dimensional configuration of a protein is determined primarily by the

A proteasome is a

An Overview of Cells and Cell Research

Molecules and Membranes

Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Fundamentals of Molecular Biology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Systems Biology

Genes and Genomes

Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic Dna

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Transcriptional Regulation and Epigenetics

The Nucleus

Protein Sorting and Transport

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement

The Plasma Membrane

Cell Walls, the Extracellular Matrix, and Cell Interactions

Cell Signaling

The Cell Cycle

Cell Death and Cell Renewal

Cancer

Filters

Exam 10: Protein Synthesis, Processing, and Regulation

siRNAs act primarily to inhibit

Proteins are often regulated by phosphorylation, which is catalyzed by enzymes called

Oocytes store mRNAs with _______ and activate them by _______.

A single mRNA can code for more than one polypeptide chain.

Why are disulfide bonds, which form between proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, unable to form between proteins in the cytosol?

The capacity for some tRNAs to recognize more than one codon in mRNA is explained by a phenomenon called

Which statement about the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs is false?

Prokaryotic ribosomes differ from eukaryotic ribosomes in that their large and small subunits are _______ and _______, respectively, rather than 60S and 40S.

Elongation requires _______ GTP per amino acid.

Initiation sequences in bacterial mRNAs are preceded by a specific sequence called a _______ sequence.

By what mechanism is proinsulin converted to insulin?

To what do glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor target proteins?

The formation of peptide bonds is catalyzed by which portion of the bacterial ribosome?

A protein kinase transfers a phosphate group from _______ to a protein.

Which statement about translational initiation is false?

What is the key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNAs?

Suppose that a researcher wishes to determine the effect of shutting off production of protein Z in the cell. How could production of protein Z be shut off without altering any of Z's transcriptional control?

The correctly folded three-dimensional configuration of a protein is determined primarily by the

A proteasome is a

An Overview of Cells and Cell Research

Molecules and Membranes

Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Fundamentals of Molecular Biology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Systems Biology

Genes and Genomes

Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic Dna

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Transcriptional Regulation and Epigenetics

The Nucleus

Protein Sorting and Transport

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement

The Plasma Membrane

Cell Walls, the Extracellular Matrix, and Cell Interactions

Cell Signaling

The Cell Cycle

Cell Death and Cell Renewal

Cancer

Filters

Oocytes store mRNAs with _ and activate them by _.

Prokaryotic ribosomes differ from eukaryotic ribosomes in that their large and small subunits are _ and _, respectively, rather than 60S and 40S.