Question 1

Gardner defines intelligence in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  three interacting skills: componential, experiential, and contextual. 
B)  180 unique intellectual factors organized along three dimensions. 
C)  at least eight independent intelligences that are based on distinct sets of processing operations. 
D)  a pyramid with g at the top, broad abilities in the second tier, and narrow abilities in the third tier. 
A)  three interacting skills: componential, experiential, and contextual. 
B)  180 unique intellectual factors organized along three dimensions. 
C)  at least eight independent intelligences that are based on distinct sets of processing operations. 
D)  a pyramid with g at the top, broad abilities in the second tier, and narrow abilities in the third tier.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is supported by current research on ethnic differences in general intelligence among children?

Accepted Answer

A)  American black children score, on average, 10 to 12 IQ points below American white children. 
B)  Asian-American children score, on average, 15 IQ points above their white counterparts. 
C)  Hispanic-American children score, on average, 12 to 14 IQ points below American black children. 
D)  Hispanic-American children score, on average, 15 IQ points above their white counterparts. 
A)  American black children score, on average, 10 to 12 IQ points below American white children. 
B)  Asian-American children score, on average, 15 IQ points above their white counterparts. 
C)  Hispanic-American children score, on average, 12 to 14 IQ points below American black children. 
D)  Hispanic-American children score, on average, 15 IQ points above their white counterparts.

Question 3

Before Binet and Simon's test, other researchers tried to assess intelligence using

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental hypnosis. 
B)  interviews and observations of behavior. 
C)  measurements of the skull's physical dimensions. 
D)  simple measures of sensory responsiveness and reaction time. 
A)  experimental hypnosis. 
B)  interviews and observations of behavior. 
C)  measurements of the skull's physical dimensions. 
D)  simple measures of sensory responsiveness and reaction time.

Question 4

Infant tests, including previous editions of the Bayley, are

Accepted Answer

A)  accurate predictors of later intelligence. 
B)  poor predictors of later intelligence. 
C)  only used to assess gross-motor skills. 
D)  only used to assess fine-motor skills. 
A)  accurate predictors of later intelligence. 
B)  poor predictors of later intelligence. 
C)  only used to assess gross-motor skills. 
D)  only used to assess fine-motor skills.

Question 5

According to the environmental cumulative deficit hypothesis,

Accepted Answer

A)  the effects of underprivileged rearing conditions on IQ tend to improve in middle childhood. 
B)  most poor children are resilient to the effects of living in an underprivileged environment and are average in intelligence. 
C)  the more economically disadvantaged the child, the more often the IQ test must be administered to obtain a stable score. 
D)  the negative effects of underprivileged rearing conditions on IQ increase the longer the child remains in those conditions. 
A)  the effects of underprivileged rearing conditions on IQ tend to improve in middle childhood. 
B)  most poor children are resilient to the effects of living in an underprivileged environment and are average in intelligence. 
C)  the more economically disadvantaged the child, the more often the IQ test must be administered to obtain a stable score. 
D)  the negative effects of underprivileged rearing conditions on IQ increase the longer the child remains in those conditions.

Question 6

As a teacher, Kris has begun providing lessons to students that teach emotional understanding, respect and caring for others, strategies for regulating emotion, and resistance to unfavorable peer pressure because Kris knows that

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional intelligence is the latest psychological buzzword, and administrators are demanding it. 
B)  most students do not acquire emotionally intelligent behavior at home. 
C)  many educators overlook the relationship between cognitive ability and academic achievement. 
D)  providing experiences that meet students' social and emotional needs can improve their adjustment. 
A)  emotional intelligence is the latest psychological buzzword, and administrators are demanding it. 
B)  most students do not acquire emotionally intelligent behavior at home. 
C)  many educators overlook the relationship between cognitive ability and academic achievement. 
D)  providing experiences that meet students' social and emotional needs can improve their adjustment.

Question 7

Heritability estimates computed within black and white populations provide

Accepted Answer

A)  direct evidence on what accounts for between-group differences in both black and white populations. 
B)  direct evidence on what accounts for between-group differences in black populations but not in white populations. 
C)  direct evidence on what accounts for between-group differences in white populations but not in black populations. 
D)  no direct evidence on what accounts for between-group differences. 
A)  direct evidence on what accounts for between-group differences in both black and white populations. 
B)  direct evidence on what accounts for between-group differences in black populations but not in white populations. 
C)  direct evidence on what accounts for between-group differences in white populations but not in black populations. 
D)  no direct evidence on what accounts for between-group differences.

Question 8

Intelligence tests are constructed so that IQ scores

Accepted Answer

A)  are an unbiased estimate of the population variance. 
B)  approximate a binomial distribution. 
C)  are distributed according to a normal curve. 
D)  are statistically independent from one another. 
A)  are an unbiased estimate of the population variance. 
B)  approximate a binomial distribution. 
C)  are distributed according to a normal curve. 
D)  are statistically independent from one another.

Question 9

Compared to low-SES black parents, middle-SES white parents are more likely to ask their children

Accepted Answer

A)  story-starter questions. 
B)  questions that have a "right" answer. 
C)  questions to which they themselves do not know the answer. 
D)  analogy questions. 
A)  story-starter questions. 
B)  questions that have a "right" answer. 
C)  questions to which they themselves do not know the answer. 
D)  analogy questions.

Question 10

To compensate for infants' unpredictable behaviors, some tests

Accepted Answer

A)  depend heavily on information supplied by parents. 
B)  require parents and caregivers to administer the items. 
C)  focus solely on the infant's behavior toward the examiner. 
D)  can only be administered outside of the parent's presence. 
A)  depend heavily on information supplied by parents. 
B)  require parents and caregivers to administer the items. 
C)  focus solely on the infant's behavior toward the examiner. 
D)  can only be administered outside of the parent's presence.

Question 11

Studies of heritability and SES variations in IQ show that

Accepted Answer

A)  factors associated with low income and poverty prevent children from attaining their genetic potential. 
B)  heritability estimates provide strong evidence that ethnic differences in IQ have a genetic basis. 
C)  the heritability of IQ is higher under low-SES than high-SES rearing conditions. 
D)  heritability estimates can be used to account for between-group differences. 
A)  factors associated with low income and poverty prevent children from attaining their genetic potential. 
B)  heritability estimates provide strong evidence that ethnic differences in IQ have a genetic basis. 
C)  the heritability of IQ is higher under low-SES than high-SES rearing conditions. 
D)  heritability estimates can be used to account for between-group differences.

Question 12

Convergent thinking contrasts with divergent thinking because it involves

Accepted Answer

A)  a form of intelligence that emphasizes the ability to see relationships among stimuli. 
B)  the type of cognition emphasized on intelligence tests. 
C)  mental abilities apparent in the real world but not in testing situations. 
D)  abstract reasoning and problem-solving abilities. 
A)  a form of intelligence that emphasizes the ability to see relationships among stimuli. 
B)  the type of cognition emphasized on intelligence tests. 
C)  mental abilities apparent in the real world but not in testing situations. 
D)  abstract reasoning and problem-solving abilities.

Question 13

The fact that IQ correlations increase with age for identical twins, but decrease with age for fraternal twins, suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  the genetic likeness of identical twins causes them to seek out similar niches in adolescence and adulthood. 
B)  the influence of rearing conditions on IQ is stronger for identical twins than fraternal twins. 
C)  rearing experiences play a larger role early in life, whereas genetic influences play a larger role later in life. 
D)  the contribution of heredity to IQ decreases with age. 
A)  the genetic likeness of identical twins causes them to seek out similar niches in adolescence and adulthood. 
B)  the influence of rearing conditions on IQ is stronger for identical twins than fraternal twins. 
C)  rearing experiences play a larger role early in life, whereas genetic influences play a larger role later in life. 
D)  the contribution of heredity to IQ decreases with age.

Question 14

Research has shown that persistently aggressive children and adolescents

Accepted Answer

A)  score, on average, 8 points lower in IQ than nonaggressive children and adolescents. 
B)  score lower in crystallized intelligence than fluid intelligence. 
C)  are especially deficient in verbal ability. 
D)  are highly verbal but lack practical problem-solving skills. 
A)  score, on average, 8 points lower in IQ than nonaggressive children and adolescents. 
B)  score lower in crystallized intelligence than fluid intelligence. 
C)  are especially deficient in verbal ability. 
D)  are highly verbal but lack practical problem-solving skills.

Question 15

Although not all experts agree, some maintain that IQ tests are fair to both majority and minority children because

Accepted Answer

A)  IQ tests are the only available between-race comparisons of mental ability. 
B)  any biases against one group are offset by comparable biases against the other group. 
C)  IQ tests predict academic achievement equally well for both groups. 
D)  IQ tests are far less biased than other ability measures, such as dynamic assessment. 
A)  IQ tests are the only available between-race comparisons of mental ability. 
B)  any biases against one group are offset by comparable biases against the other group. 
C)  IQ tests predict academic achievement equally well for both groups. 
D)  IQ tests are far less biased than other ability measures, such as dynamic assessment.

Question 16

Regan demonstrates high linguistic intelligence. According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, she would perform well as a

Accepted Answer

A)  composer. 
B)  journalist. 
C)  biologist. 
D)  therapist. 
A)  composer. 
B)  journalist. 
C)  biologist. 
D)  therapist.

Question 17

Dynamic assessment is consistent with

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget's theory. 
B)  the information-processing perspective. 
C)  behaviorism. 
D)  Vygotsky's zone of proximal development. 
A)  Piaget's theory. 
B)  the information-processing perspective. 
C)  behaviorism. 
D)  Vygotsky's zone of proximal development.

Question 18

Longitudinal research reveals that the IQ scores of most children __________ during childhood and adolescence.

Accepted Answer

A)  fluctuate 10 to 20 points 
B)  increase by about 35 points 
C)  vary by about 50 points 
D)  remain stable 
A)  fluctuate 10 to 20 points 
B)  increase by about 35 points 
C)  vary by about 50 points 
D)  remain stable

Question 19

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition, measures general intelligence and five intellectual factors:

Accepted Answer

A)  verbal comprehension, verbal fluency, verbal reasoning, number sequencing, and spatial visualization. 
B)  fluid reasoning, quantitative reasoning, knowledge, visual-spatial processing, and working memory. 
C)  reasoning, memory, knowledge, perceptual speed, and spatial visualization. 
D)  language comprehension, vocabulary knowledge, sequential reasoning, abstract/visual reasoning, and quantitative reasoning. 
A)  verbal comprehension, verbal fluency, verbal reasoning, number sequencing, and spatial visualization. 
B)  fluid reasoning, quantitative reasoning, knowledge, visual-spatial processing, and working memory. 
C)  reasoning, memory, knowledge, perceptual speed, and spatial visualization. 
D)  language comprehension, vocabulary knowledge, sequential reasoning, abstract/visual reasoning, and quantitative reasoning.

Question 20

Correlating Bert's IQ score at different ages

Accepted Answer

A)  is necessary for calculating Bert's mental and chronological age. 
B)  tells whether Bert, who scored high in comparison to his agemates at one age, continues to do so later. 
C)  compares Bert's test performance to younger and older children's scores. 
D)  can determine the percentage of younger and older children who fall above or below Bert's score. 
A)  is necessary for calculating Bert's mental and chronological age. 
B)  tells whether Bert, who scored high in comparison to his agemates at one age, continues to do so later. 
C)  compares Bert's test performance to younger and older children's scores. 
D)  can determine the percentage of younger and older children who fall above or below Bert's score.

Gardner defines intelligence in terms of

Which of the following statements is supported by current research on ethnic differences in general intelligence among children?

Before Binet and Simon's test, other researchers tried to assess intelligence using

Infant tests, including previous editions of the Bayley, are

According to the environmental cumulative deficit hypothesis,

As a teacher, Kris has begun providing lessons to students that teach emotional understanding, respect and caring for others, strategies for regulating emotion, and resistance to unfavorable peer pressure because Kris knows that

Heritability estimates computed within black and white populations provide

Intelligence tests are constructed so that IQ scores

Compared to low-SES black parents, middle-SES white parents are more likely to ask their children

To compensate for infants' unpredictable behaviors, some tests

Studies of heritability and SES variations in IQ show that

Convergent thinking contrasts with divergent thinking because it involves

The fact that IQ correlations increase with age for identical twins, but decrease with age for fraternal twins, suggests that

Research has shown that persistently aggressive children and adolescents

Although not all experts agree, some maintain that IQ tests are fair to both majority and minority children because

Regan demonstrates high linguistic intelligence. According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, she would perform well as a

Dynamic assessment is consistent with

Longitudinal research reveals that the IQ scores of most children __________ during childhood and adolescence.

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition, measures general intelligence and five intellectual factors:

Correlating Bert's IQ score at different ages

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 8: Intelligence

Gardner defines intelligence in terms of

Which of the following statements is supported by current research on ethnic differences in general intelligence among children?

Before Binet and Simon's test, other researchers tried to assess intelligence using

Infant tests, including previous editions of the Bayley, are

According to the environmental cumulative deficit hypothesis,

As a teacher, Kris has begun providing lessons to students that teach emotional understanding, respect and caring for others, strategies for regulating emotion, and resistance to unfavorable peer pressure because Kris knows that

Heritability estimates computed within black and white populations provide

Intelligence tests are constructed so that IQ scores

Compared to low-SES black parents, middle-SES white parents are more likely to ask their children

To compensate for infants' unpredictable behaviors, some tests

Studies of heritability and SES variations in IQ show that

Convergent thinking contrasts with divergent thinking because it involves

The fact that IQ correlations increase with age for identical twins, but decrease with age for fraternal twins, suggests that

Research has shown that persistently aggressive children and adolescents

Although not all experts agree, some maintain that IQ tests are fair to both majority and minority children because

Regan demonstrates high linguistic intelligence. According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, she would perform well as a

Dynamic assessment is consistent with

Longitudinal research reveals that the IQ scores of most children __________ during childhood and adolescence.

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition, measures general intelligence and five intellectual factors:

Correlating Bert's IQ score at different ages

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters