Question 1

The question "What might reduce or increase the direction of a relationship between X and Y?" is addressed by the use of

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variables. 
B)  moderating variables. 
C)  intervening variables. 
D)  mediating variables. 
A)  independent variables. 
B)  moderating variables. 
C)  intervening variables. 
D)  mediating variables.

Question 2

Name and define the two forms prediction can take as a goal of science.

Accepted Answer

In the realm of science, prediction as a

Question 3

The goals of behavioral science include

Accepted Answer

A)  describing behavior. 
B)  predicting behavior. 
C)  controlling behavior. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  describing behavior. 
B)  predicting behavior. 
C)  controlling behavior. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 4

List three key differences between the logical positivist and the humanist approaches to knowledge.

Accepted Answer

The logical positivist approach to knowl

Question 5

In theories, moderating variables

Accepted Answer

A)  are causes of other variables. 
B)  are effects of other variables. 
C)  come between two other variables in a causal chain. 
D)  change or limit the relationship between a proposed causal variable and the variable proposed as its effect. 
A)  are causes of other variables. 
B)  are effects of other variables. 
C)  come between two other variables in a causal chain. 
D)  change or limit the relationship between a proposed causal variable and the variable proposed as its effect.

Question 6

Hypothetical constructs are

Accepted Answer

A)  statements about relationships between variables. 
B)  abstract concepts that scientists have devised to refer to variables that cannot be directly observed. 
C)  ways of making abstract concepts concrete so that they can be studied in research. 
D)  beliefs that are taken to be true and are not subject to empirical testing. 
A)  statements about relationships between variables. 
B)  abstract concepts that scientists have devised to refer to variables that cannot be directly observed. 
C)  ways of making abstract concepts concrete so that they can be studied in research. 
D)  beliefs that are taken to be true and are not subject to empirical testing.

Question 7

As used in scientific discourse, the term model generally refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  a theory; model and theory are the same thing. 
B)  ways of conceptualizing and studying the subject matter of a particular field of science. 
C)  ways of making abstract concepts concrete so that they can be studied in research. 
D)  the application of a general theoretical perspective to a more specific field of interest. 
A)  a theory; model and theory are the same thing. 
B)  ways of conceptualizing and studying the subject matter of a particular field of science. 
C)  ways of making abstract concepts concrete so that they can be studied in research. 
D)  the application of a general theoretical perspective to a more specific field of interest.

Question 8

List the three scientific purposes of theories.

Accepted Answer

1. Explanation: Theories help to explain

Question 9

The scientific value of skepticism means that scientists should

Accepted Answer

A)  base decisions about what consti?tutes knowledge on objective evidence rather than ideology or abstract logic. 
B)  question the quality of the knowledge they have on a topic. 
C)  be willing to change their views about what they consider to be valid knowledge as new evidence becomes available. 
D)  make available to others both what they find in their research and how they conduct their research. 
A)  base decisions about what consti?tutes knowledge on objective evidence rather than ideology or abstract logic. 
B)  question the quality of the knowledge they have on a topic. 
C)  be willing to change their views about what they consider to be valid knowledge as new evidence becomes available. 
D)  make available to others both what they find in their research and how they conduct their research.

Question 10

Distinguish among unidimensional, multidimensional, and multifaceted constructs. Give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Unidimensional constructs refer to a sin

Question 11

________ deals with the question of whether the results of a particular study would hold up under new conditions.

Accepted Answer

A)  External validity 
B)  Internal validity 
C)  Construct validity 
D)  Statistical conclusion validity 
A)  External validity 
B)  Internal validity 
C)  Construct validity 
D)  Statistical conclusion validity

Question 12

Theories that are broad in scope

Accepted Answer

A)  try to explain all of human behavior using just a few concepts. 
B)  describe phenomena in terms of operational definitions rather than hypothetical constructs. 
C)  clearly define the proposed relationships among constructs. 
D)  have none of these characteristics. 
A)  try to explain all of human behavior using just a few concepts. 
B)  describe phenomena in terms of operational definitions rather than hypothetical constructs. 
C)  clearly define the proposed relationships among constructs. 
D)  have none of these characteristics.

Question 13

Professor Dollard's theory proposes that frustration causes aggression. In his theory, frustration is a(n) ________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent 
B)  dependent 
C)  mediating 
D)  moderating 
A)  independent 
B)  dependent 
C)  mediating 
D)  moderating

Question 14

Theoretical propositions are

Accepted Answer

A)  speculations about a phenomenon that have no basis in fact. 
B)  statements about relationships among hypothetical constructs. 
C)  beliefs that are taken to be true and are not subject to empirical testing. 
D)  ways of conceptualizing and studying the subject matter of a particular field of science. 
A)  speculations about a phenomenon that have no basis in fact. 
B)  statements about relationships among hypothetical constructs. 
C)  beliefs that are taken to be true and are not subject to empirical testing. 
D)  ways of conceptualizing and studying the subject matter of a particular field of science.

Question 15

Which of the following is a hypothetical construct?

Accepted Answer

A)  the distance on person sits from another 
B)  the number of favors one person does for another 
C)  the score one person receives from another on a rating scale of friendliness 
D)  the degree to which one person likes another 
A)  the distance on person sits from another 
B)  the number of favors one person does for another 
C)  the score one person receives from another on a rating scale of friendliness 
D)  the degree to which one person likes another

Question 16

Discovering relationships among phenomena is an aspect of _______ as scientific goals.

Accepted Answer

A)  description and control. 
B)  prediction and control. 
C)  description and understanding. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  description and control. 
B)  prediction and control. 
C)  description and understanding. 
D)  none of the above.

Question 17

List John Stuart Mill's three rules for causality.

Accepted Answer

John Stuart Mill's three rules for causa

Question 18

Scientists' implicit assumptions can

Accepted Answer

A)  cause conflicts if others adhere to different paradigms. 
B)  lead to the biased interpretation of data. 
C)  influence the development of research hypotheses. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  cause conflicts if others adhere to different paradigms. 
B)  lead to the biased interpretation of data. 
C)  influence the development of research hypotheses. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 19

The scientific value of tentativeness means that scientists should

Accepted Answer

A)  base decisions about what consti?tutes knowledge on objective evidence rather than ideology or abstract logic. 
B)  question the quality of the knowledge they have on a topic. 
C)  be willing to change their views about what they consider to be valid knowledge as new evidence becomes available. 
D)  make available to others both what they find in their research and how they conduct their research. 
A)  base decisions about what consti?tutes knowledge on objective evidence rather than ideology or abstract logic. 
B)  question the quality of the knowledge they have on a topic. 
C)  be willing to change their views about what they consider to be valid knowledge as new evidence becomes available. 
D)  make available to others both what they find in their research and how they conduct their research.

Question 20

Researchers used to assume that gender is a binary category. More recently, this assumption has been challenged. This demonstrates the scientific value of

Accepted Answer

A)  publicness. 
B)  tentativeness. 
C)  empiricism. 
D)  control. 
A)  publicness. 
B)  tentativeness. 
C)  empiricism. 
D)  control.

The question "What might reduce or increase the direction of a relationship between X and Y?" is addressed by the use of

Name and define the two forms prediction can take as a goal of science.

The goals of behavioral science include

List three key differences between the logical positivist and the humanist approaches to knowledge.

In theories, moderating variables

Hypothetical constructs are

As used in scientific discourse, the term model generally refers to

List the three scientific purposes of theories.

The scientific value of skepticism means that scientists should

Distinguish among unidimensional, multidimensional, and multifaceted constructs. Give an example of each.

________ deals with the question of whether the results of a particular study would hold up under new conditions.

Theories that are broad in scope

Professor Dollard's theory proposes that frustration causes aggression. In his theory, frustration is a(n) ________ variable.

Theoretical propositions are

Which of the following is a hypothetical construct?

Discovering relationships among phenomena is an aspect of _______ as scientific goals.

List John Stuart Mill's three rules for causality.

Scientists' implicit assumptions can

The scientific value of tentativeness means that scientists should

Researchers used to assume that gender is a binary category. More recently, this assumption has been challenged. This demonstrates the scientific value of

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

The Single-Case Research Strategy

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters

Exam 1: Behavioral Science

The question "What might reduce or increase the direction of a relationship between X and Y?" is addressed by the use of

Name and define the two forms prediction can take as a goal of science.

The goals of behavioral science include

List three key differences between the logical positivist and the humanist approaches to knowledge.

In theories, moderating variables

Hypothetical constructs are

As used in scientific discourse, the term model generally refers to

List the three scientific purposes of theories.

The scientific value of skepticism means that scientists should

Distinguish among unidimensional, multidimensional, and multifaceted constructs. Give an example of each.

________ deals with the question of whether the results of a particular study would hold up under new conditions.

Theories that are broad in scope

Professor Dollard's theory proposes that frustration causes aggression. In his theory, frustration is a(n) ________ variable.

Theoretical propositions are

Which of the following is a hypothetical construct?

Discovering relationships among phenomena is an aspect of _______ as scientific goals.

List John Stuart Mill's three rules for causality.

Scientists' implicit assumptions can

The scientific value of tentativeness means that scientists should

Researchers used to assume that gender is a binary category. More recently, this assumption has been challenged. This demonstrates the scientific value of

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

The Single-Case Research Strategy

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters