Question 1

Theories are based on assumptions. General scientific assumptions

Accepted Answer

A)  deal with the nature of reality. 
B)  derive from general ways of conceptualizing the subject matter of a particular scientific field. 
C)  concern the domain, or subject, of a theory. 
D)  often reflect the cultural norms surrounding the subject of a theory. 
A)  deal with the nature of reality. 
B)  derive from general ways of conceptualizing the subject matter of a particular scientific field. 
C)  concern the domain, or subject, of a theory. 
D)  often reflect the cultural norms surrounding the subject of a theory.

Question 2

Dr. Chan has noticed that when students leave class, they immediately check their cell phones but professors do not. Which goal of science has Dr. Chan met?

Accepted Answer

A)  description 
B)  understanding 
C)  prediction 
D)  both a and c 
A)  description 
B)  understanding 
C)  prediction 
D)  both a and c

Question 3

Define social constructionism and describe its role in contemporary behavioral science.

Accepted Answer

Social constructionism is a theoretical

Question 4

Professor Lockham has proposed a theory of work performance that holds that greater acceptance of assigned work goals leads to higher motivation and that higher motivation then leads to better work performance. In Professor Lockham's theory, motivation is a(n) ________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent 
B)  dependent 
C)  mediating 
D)  moderating 
A)  independent 
B)  dependent 
C)  mediating 
D)  moderating

Question 5

Imagine you are designing a study. Do you believe it is more important to focus on internal or external validity? Explain your reasoning.

Accepted Answer

When designing a study, it is important

Question 6

Professor Simons examines how often 4th-grade students ask for help from their teachers. Professor Simons treats help-seeking as an indicator of dependency. Professor Li critiqued Professor Simons' study, saying that asking for help is a sign of initiative, not dependency. Professor Li is questioning the ________ of Professor Simons' study.

Accepted Answer

A)  external validity 
B)  internal validity 
C)  construct validity 
D)  statistical conclusion validity 
A)  external validity 
B)  internal validity 
C)  construct validity 
D)  statistical conclusion validity

Question 7

Explain the relationship between theoretical propositions and research hypotheses.

Accepted Answer

The relationship between theoretical pro

Question 8

The theoretical goal of organizing knowledge is related to the behavioral science goal(s) of ________ behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  describing 
B)  understanding 
C)  controlling 
D)  both a and b 
A)  describing 
B)  understanding 
C)  controlling 
D)  both a and b

Question 9

Theories that are well-specified

Accepted Answer

A)  try to explain all of human behavior using just a few concepts. 
B)  describe phenomena in terms of operational definitions rather than hypothetical constructs. 
C)  clearly define the proposed relationships among constructs. 
D)  are multifaceted. 
A)  try to explain all of human behavior using just a few concepts. 
B)  describe phenomena in terms of operational definitions rather than hypothetical constructs. 
C)  clearly define the proposed relationships among constructs. 
D)  are multifaceted.

Question 10

The results of behavior science research can be used to

Accepted Answer

A)  help us understand ourselves. 
B)  inform the practice of psychology as a profession. 
C)  influence the political process. 
D)  do any of the above. 
A)  help us understand ourselves. 
B)  inform the practice of psychology as a profession. 
C)  influence the political process. 
D)  do any of the above.

Question 11

Describe the role of inference in the behavioral science research process.

Accepted Answer

Inference plays a crucial role in the be

Question 12

Distinguish between description and understanding as goals of science.

Accepted Answer

Description and understanding are two di

Question 13

The scientific value of publicness means that scientists should

Accepted Answer

A)  base decisions about what consti?tutes knowledge on objective evidence rather than ideology or abstract logic. 
B)  question the quality of the knowledge they have on a topic. 
C)  be willing to change their views about what they consider to be valid knowledge as new evidence becomes available. 
D)  make available to others both what they find in their research and how they conduct their research. 
A)  base decisions about what consti?tutes knowledge on objective evidence rather than ideology or abstract logic. 
B)  question the quality of the knowledge they have on a topic. 
C)  be willing to change their views about what they consider to be valid knowledge as new evidence becomes available. 
D)  make available to others both what they find in their research and how they conduct their research.

Question 14

When Sir Isaac Newton said that, "If I see farther than those who came before me, it is because I stand on the shoulders of giants," he meant that science can only advance when

Accepted Answer

A)  geniuses make revolutionary new discoveries. 
B)  theories are used only to organize and extend knowledge and not to guide action. 
C)  science is cumulative, with new knowledge growing from existing knowledge. 
D)  theories are extremely broad in scope so that scientists can use them to "see farther." 
A)  geniuses make revolutionary new discoveries. 
B)  theories are used only to organize and extend knowledge and not to guide action. 
C)  science is cumulative, with new knowledge growing from existing knowledge. 
D)  theories are extremely broad in scope so that scientists can use them to "see farther."

Question 15

The Method sections in scientific journals should describe the research procedures in enough detail that other scientists can examine them for possible flaws. This criterion reflects which scientific value?

Accepted Answer

A)  tentativeness 
B)  publicness 
C)  skepticism 
D)  empiricism 
A)  tentativeness 
B)  publicness 
C)  skepticism 
D)  empiricism

Question 16

__________ is the belief that a scientist's understanding of the world is influenced by their values and expectations.

Accepted Answer

A)  Logical positivism 
B)  Social constructionism 
C)  Scientific eloquence 
D)  Value attribution 
A)  Logical positivism 
B)  Social constructionism 
C)  Scientific eloquence 
D)  Value attribution

Question 17

What are propositions and how are they related to theories?

Accepted Answer

Propositions are statements or assertion

Question 18

Reification

Accepted Answer

A)  consists of treating a hypothetical construct as something real rather than as a convenient term for something that cannot be observed. 
B)  is an erroneous way of thinking about hypothetical constructs. 
C)  can lead to the inappropriate use of hypothetical constructs as explanations for behavior. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  consists of treating a hypothetical construct as something real rather than as a convenient term for something that cannot be observed. 
B)  is an erroneous way of thinking about hypothetical constructs. 
C)  can lead to the inappropriate use of hypothetical constructs as explanations for behavior. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 19

Name and define two of the essential characteristics of theories.

Accepted Answer

Two essential characteristics of theorie

Question 20

Identifying general principles of behavior and using them to describe relationships among abstract concepts are part of the theoretical goal of

Accepted Answer

A)  guiding application. 
B)  organizing knowledge. 
C)  extending knowledge. 
D)  guiding research. 
A)  guiding application. 
B)  organizing knowledge. 
C)  extending knowledge. 
D)  guiding research.

Theories are based on assumptions. General scientific assumptions

Dr. Chan has noticed that when students leave class, they immediately check their cell phones but professors do not. Which goal of science has Dr. Chan met?

Define social constructionism and describe its role in contemporary behavioral science.

Professor Lockham has proposed a theory of work performance that holds that greater acceptance of assigned work goals leads to higher motivation and that higher motivation then leads to better work performance. In Professor Lockham's theory, motivation is a(n) ________ variable.

Imagine you are designing a study. Do you believe it is more important to focus on internal or external validity? Explain your reasoning.

Explain the relationship between theoretical propositions and research hypotheses.

The theoretical goal of organizing knowledge is related to the behavioral science goal(s) of ________ behavior.

Theories that are well-specified

The results of behavior science research can be used to

Describe the role of inference in the behavioral science research process.

Distinguish between description and understanding as goals of science.

The scientific value of publicness means that scientists should

When Sir Isaac Newton said that, "If I see farther than those who came before me, it is because I stand on the shoulders of giants," he meant that science can only advance when

The Method sections in scientific journals should describe the research procedures in enough detail that other scientists can examine them for possible flaws. This criterion reflects which scientific value?

__________ is the belief that a scientist's understanding of the world is influenced by their values and expectations.

What are propositions and how are they related to theories?

Reification

Name and define two of the essential characteristics of theories.

Identifying general principles of behavior and using them to describe relationships among abstract concepts are part of the theoretical goal of

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

The Single-Case Research Strategy

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters

Exam 1: Behavioral Science

Theories are based on assumptions. General scientific assumptions

Dr. Chan has noticed that when students leave class, they immediately check their cell phones but professors do not. Which goal of science has Dr. Chan met?

Define social constructionism and describe its role in contemporary behavioral science.

Professor Lockham has proposed a theory of work performance that holds that greater acceptance of assigned work goals leads to higher motivation and that higher motivation then leads to better work performance. In Professor Lockham's theory, motivation is a(n) ________ variable.

Imagine you are designing a study. Do you believe it is more important to focus on internal or external validity? Explain your reasoning.

Explain the relationship between theoretical propositions and research hypotheses.

The theoretical goal of organizing knowledge is related to the behavioral science goal(s) of ________ behavior.

Theories that are well-specified

The results of behavior science research can be used to

Describe the role of inference in the behavioral science research process.

Distinguish between description and understanding as goals of science.

The scientific value of publicness means that scientists should

When Sir Isaac Newton said that, "If I see farther than those who came before me, it is because I stand on the shoulders of giants," he meant that science can only advance when

The Method sections in scientific journals should describe the research procedures in enough detail that other scientists can examine them for possible flaws. This criterion reflects which scientific value?

__________ is the belief that a scientist's understanding of the world is influenced by their values and expectations.

What are propositions and how are they related to theories?

Reification

Name and define two of the essential characteristics of theories.

Identifying general principles of behavior and using them to describe relationships among abstract concepts are part of the theoretical goal of

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

The Single-Case Research Strategy

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters