Question 1

Someone who holds the humanistic viewpoint on science is most likely to prefer the _______ as a research strategy.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational study 
B)  case study 
C)  laboratory experiment 
D)  quasi-experiment 
A)  correlational study 
B)  case study 
C)  laboratory experiment 
D)  quasi-experiment

Question 2

Professor Jones proposes that there are three types of self-esteem-social, achievement-related, and global-all of which are moderately correlated with each other and each of which is related to a different set of dependent variables. Professor Jones views self-esteem as a ________ construct.

Accepted Answer

A)  unidimensional 
B)  univariate 
C)  multidimensional 
D)  multifacted 
A)  unidimensional 
B)  univariate 
C)  multidimensional 
D)  multifacted

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of John Stuart Mill's rules for causality?

Accepted Answer

A)  time precedence of the cause 
B)  identification of moderators 
C)  lack of plausible alternative explanations 
D)  covariation 
A)  time precedence of the cause 
B)  identification of moderators 
C)  lack of plausible alternative explanations 
D)  covariation

Question 4

In theories, narrative definitions

Accepted Answer

A)  are concrete representations of hypothetical constructs that are used in research. 
B)  are the meanings that people assign to concepts in everyday language. 
C)  explain the meanings of constructs in words, much as a dictionary definition does. 
D)  do none of the above. 
A)  are concrete representations of hypothetical constructs that are used in research. 
B)  are the meanings that people assign to concepts in everyday language. 
C)  explain the meanings of constructs in words, much as a dictionary definition does. 
D)  do none of the above.

Question 5

A principle called Occam's Razor holds that "when you have two competing theories that make exactly the same predictions, the simpler one is the better." This principle means that theories should be

Accepted Answer

A)  clear. 
B)  consistent with related theories 
C)  parsimonious. 
D)  logically consistent. 
A)  clear. 
B)  consistent with related theories 
C)  parsimonious. 
D)  logically consistent.

Question 6

List three characteristics of paradigmatic assumptions.

Accepted Answer

Paradigmatic assumptions are the fundame

Question 7

Joan notes the amount of coffee people drink in her workplace and observers the amount of aggression they later exhibit. She finds no correlation between coffee consumption and aggression. The only criterion of causality that Joan's study clearly meets is

Accepted Answer

A)  time precedence of the cause. 
B)  lack of plausible alternative explanations. 
C)  covariation. 
D)  none of these; that is, Joan's study does not meet any of the criteria for causality. 
A)  time precedence of the cause. 
B)  lack of plausible alternative explanations. 
C)  covariation. 
D)  none of these; that is, Joan's study does not meet any of the criteria for causality.

Question 8

Which of the following is an operational definition of anxiety?

Accepted Answer

A)  a general feeling of uneasiness 
B)  increased heartrate 
C)  fear of imminent death 
D)  all of the above 
A)  a general feeling of uneasiness 
B)  increased heartrate 
C)  fear of imminent death 
D)  all of the above

Question 9

Domain assumptions are

Accepted Answer

A)  usually implicit. 
B)  established facts. 
C)  untestable. 
D)  specific to the subject of a theory. 
A)  usually implicit. 
B)  established facts. 
C)  untestable. 
D)  specific to the subject of a theory.

Question 10

List and define the three criteria for evaluating theories.

Accepted Answer

The three criteria for evaluating theori

Question 11

Paradigms are

Accepted Answer

A)  speculations about a phenomenon that have no basis in fact. 
B)  statements about relationships between variables. 
C)  beliefs that are taken to be true and are not subject to empirical testing. 
D)  ways of conceptualizing and studying the subject matter of a particular field of science. 
A)  speculations about a phenomenon that have no basis in fact. 
B)  statements about relationships between variables. 
C)  beliefs that are taken to be true and are not subject to empirical testing. 
D)  ways of conceptualizing and studying the subject matter of a particular field of science.

Question 12

In theories, independent variables

Accepted Answer

A)  are causes of other variables. 
B)  are effects of other variables. 
C)  come between two other variables in a causal chain. 
D)  limit the relationship between a proposed causal variable and its effect. 
A)  are causes of other variables. 
B)  are effects of other variables. 
C)  come between two other variables in a causal chain. 
D)  limit the relationship between a proposed causal variable and its effect.

Question 13

Theorists can extend knowledge by

Accepted Answer

A)  using the results of research to modify theories so they fit those results. 
B)  establishing links to other theories. 
C)  borrowing concepts developed in theories in other fields to refine their own theories. 
D)  doing any of the above. 
A)  using the results of research to modify theories so they fit those results. 
B)  establishing links to other theories. 
C)  borrowing concepts developed in theories in other fields to refine their own theories. 
D)  doing any of the above.

Question 14

A theory is a

Accepted Answer

A)  set of speculations about a phenomenon that has no basis in fact. 
B)  set of statements about relationships between variables 
C)  set of beliefs that are taken to be true and are not subject to empirical testing. 
D)  general way of conceptualizing and studying the subject matter of a particular field of science. 
A)  set of speculations about a phenomenon that has no basis in fact. 
B)  set of statements about relationships between variables 
C)  set of beliefs that are taken to be true and are not subject to empirical testing. 
D)  general way of conceptualizing and studying the subject matter of a particular field of science.

Question 15

Do you consider your epistemological perspective to be closer to logical positivism or to humanism? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

I consider my epistemological perspectiv

Question 16

Name and define the key components of theories.

Accepted Answer

The key components of theories generally

Question 17

Statements about possible reasons for inconsistencies among research findings are

Accepted Answer

A)  hypotheses. 
B)  descriptions. 
C)  operational definitions. 
D)  plausible alternatives. 
A)  hypotheses. 
B)  descriptions. 
C)  operational definitions. 
D)  plausible alternatives.

Question 18

Choose a hypothetical construct based on your own research interests and write a conceptual definition of that construct. Then write an operational definition of that construct.

Accepted Answer

Hypothetical Construct: Self-efficacy in

Question 19

A logically consistent theory

Accepted Answer

A)  does not contradict itself. 
B)  produces hypotheses than cannot be falsified. 
C)  can explain data (within the scope of the theory) that already exist. 
D)  does all of the above 
A)  does not contradict itself. 
B)  produces hypotheses than cannot be falsified. 
C)  can explain data (within the scope of the theory) that already exist. 
D)  does all of the above

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of the principles of the humanistic epistemology?

Accepted Answer

A)  The scientist should be emotionally distant from the people studied. 
B)  Research should be carried out in depth through the use of case studies. 
C)  Scientists' personal beliefs and values have a strong effect on the scientific process. 
D)  Science should seek naturalism even at the cost of giving up control. 
A)  The scientist should be emotionally distant from the people studied. 
B)  Research should be carried out in depth through the use of case studies. 
C)  Scientists' personal beliefs and values have a strong effect on the scientific process. 
D)  Science should seek naturalism even at the cost of giving up control.

Someone who holds the humanistic viewpoint on science is most likely to prefer the _______ as a research strategy.

Professor Jones proposes that there are three types of self-esteem-social, achievement-related, and global-all of which are moderately correlated with each other and each of which is related to a different set of dependent variables. Professor Jones views self-esteem as a ________ construct.

Which of the following is NOT one of John Stuart Mill's rules for causality?

In theories, narrative definitions

A principle called Occam's Razor holds that "when you have two competing theories that make exactly the same predictions, the simpler one is the better." This principle means that theories should be

List three characteristics of paradigmatic assumptions.

Joan notes the amount of coffee people drink in her workplace and observers the amount of aggression they later exhibit. She finds no correlation between coffee consumption and aggression. The only criterion of causality that Joan's study clearly meets is

Which of the following is an operational definition of anxiety?

Domain assumptions are

List and define the three criteria for evaluating theories.

Paradigms are

In theories, independent variables

Theorists can extend knowledge by

A theory is a

Do you consider your epistemological perspective to be closer to logical positivism or to humanism? Explain your answer.

Name and define the key components of theories.

Statements about possible reasons for inconsistencies among research findings are

Choose a hypothetical construct based on your own research interests and write a conceptual definition of that construct. Then write an operational definition of that construct.

A logically consistent theory

Which of the following is NOT one of the principles of the humanistic epistemology?

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

The Single-Case Research Strategy

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters

Exam 1: Behavioral Science

Someone who holds the humanistic viewpoint on science is most likely to prefer the _______ as a research strategy.

Professor Jones proposes that there are three types of self-esteem-social, achievement-related, and global-all of which are moderately correlated with each other and each of which is related to a different set of dependent variables. Professor Jones views self-esteem as a ________ construct.

Which of the following is NOT one of John Stuart Mill's rules for causality?

In theories, narrative definitions

A principle called Occam's Razor holds that "when you have two competing theories that make exactly the same predictions, the simpler one is the better." This principle means that theories should be

List three characteristics of paradigmatic assumptions.

Joan notes the amount of coffee people drink in her workplace and observers the amount of aggression they later exhibit. She finds no correlation between coffee consumption and aggression. The only criterion of causality that Joan's study clearly meets is

Which of the following is an operational definition of anxiety?

Domain assumptions are

List and define the three criteria for evaluating theories.

Paradigms are

In theories, independent variables

Theorists can extend knowledge by

A theory is a

Do you consider your epistemological perspective to be closer to logical positivism or to humanism? Explain your answer.

Name and define the key components of theories.

Statements about possible reasons for inconsistencies among research findings are

Choose a hypothetical construct based on your own research interests and write a conceptual definition of that construct. Then write an operational definition of that construct.

A logically consistent theory

Which of the following is NOT one of the principles of the humanistic epistemology?

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

The Single-Case Research Strategy

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters