Question 1

A chemical that is secreted by a cell to act on cells in its immediate vicinity is called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A chemical that is secreted by a...

Question 2

Receptor molecules on the surface of a cell

Accepted Answer

A)  determine that cell's response. 
B)  may allow a particular ligand to bind. 
C)  bind to all ligands. 
D)  determine that cell's response and may allow a particular ligand to bind. 
E)  determine that cell's response and bind to all ligands. 
A)  determine that cell's response. 
B)  may allow a particular ligand to bind. 
C)  bind to all ligands. 
D)  determine that cell's response and may allow a particular ligand to bind. 
E)  determine that cell's response and bind to all ligands.

Question 3

An ion widely important in intracellular signaling is

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  chloride. 
E)  cobalt. 
A)  sodium. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  chloride. 
E)  cobalt.

Question 4

Compare and contrast neural and endocrine control.

Accepted Answer

See Table

Question 5

Match the term with its description:
-the desired target value for a parameter

Accepted Answer

A) threshold 
B) effector 
C) integrating center 
D) setpoint 
E) sensory receptor 
A) threshold 
B) effector 
C) integrating center 
D) setpoint 
E) sensory receptor

Question 6

An integrating center

Accepted Answer

A)  is the disturbance or change that sets the pathway in motion. 
B)  is an electrical and/or chemical signal that travels to the effector. 
C)  evaluates incoming signals and compares it with the setpoint. 
D)  is the minimum stimulus that must be achieved to set the reflect response in motion. 
A)  is the disturbance or change that sets the pathway in motion. 
B)  is an electrical and/or chemical signal that travels to the effector. 
C)  evaluates incoming signals and compares it with the setpoint. 
D)  is the minimum stimulus that must be achieved to set the reflect response in motion.

Question 7

Blood glucose levels are kept fairly steady in healthy people through the action of the hormones insulin and glucagon.Insulin decreases blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake by cells, whereas glucagon increases blood glucose by promoting release of glucose from cells.Describe these hormone actions as simple reflex pathways, identifying the stimulus, integrating center, efferent pathway, and response.

Accepted Answer

Stimulus: increased blood glucose. Integ

Question 8

Which is NOT a basic method of cell-to-cell communication?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoplasmic transfer of signals 
B)  contact-dependent signals 
C)  diffused chemical signals 
D)  nerve and blood-transported signals 
E)  mechanical signals 
A)  cytoplasmic transfer of signals 
B)  contact-dependent signals 
C)  diffused chemical signals 
D)  nerve and blood-transported signals 
E)  mechanical signals

Question 9

________ can be caused by alterations in receptors or by problems with G protein or second messenger pathways.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ can be caused by alterations in...

Question 10

Compare and contrast hormones, neurotransmitters, and neurohormones.

Accepted Answer

See Figure 6.1 and t

Question 11

To maintain ________, the body uses a combination of simple diffusion across small distances; wide spread distribution of molecules through the circulatory system and rapid, specific delivery of messages by the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To maintain ________, the body uses a...

Question 12

When adenylyl cyclase is activated,

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium ions are released from intracellular stores. 
B)  cAMP is formed. 
C)  cAMP is broken down. 
D)  protein kinases are metabolized. 
E)  steroids are produced. 
A)  calcium ions are released from intracellular stores. 
B)  cAMP is formed. 
C)  cAMP is broken down. 
D)  protein kinases are metabolized. 
E)  steroids are produced.

Question 13

What are NSAIDs, what is their function, and what are some drawbacks to their use?

Accepted Answer

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory

Question 14

Cyclic AMP activates

Accepted Answer

A)  a G protein. 
B)  adenylyl cyclase. 
C)  protein hormones. 
D)  protein kinase A. 
E)  hormone receptors. 
A)  a G protein. 
B)  adenylyl cyclase. 
C)  protein hormones. 
D)  protein kinase A. 
E)  hormone receptors.

Question 15

Receptors in cell signaling are not to be confused with receptors that activate a reflex arc.Explain the difference, using specific examples.

Accepted Answer

Receptor molecules are proteins on or in

Question 16

Each of the following is an example of homeostasis except one.Identify the exception.

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased pressure in the aorta triggers mechanisms to lower blood pressure. 
B)  A rise in blood calcium levels triggers the release of a hormone that lowers blood calcium levels. 
C)  A rise in estrogen during the menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone receptors in the uterus. 
D)  Increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to store blood sugar. 
E)  A decrease in body temperature triggers a neural response that initiates physiological changes to increase body temperature. 
A)  Increased pressure in the aorta triggers mechanisms to lower blood pressure. 
B)  A rise in blood calcium levels triggers the release of a hormone that lowers blood calcium levels. 
C)  A rise in estrogen during the menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone receptors in the uterus. 
D)  Increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to store blood sugar. 
E)  A decrease in body temperature triggers a neural response that initiates physiological changes to increase body temperature.

Question 17

Neurotransmitters and neurohormones both

Accepted Answer

A)  are released by neurons. 
B)  affect only cells with a specific receptor. 
C)  travel in the blood to their target cell. 
D)  are released by neurons and affect only cells with specific receptors. 
E)  are produced by all cells. 
A)  are released by neurons. 
B)  affect only cells with a specific receptor. 
C)  travel in the blood to their target cell. 
D)  are released by neurons and affect only cells with specific receptors. 
E)  are produced by all cells.

Question 18

You are part of a research team designing a robot for competition.Your robot needs to be able to respond to painful stimuli like stepping on broken glass.What type of human control system will you model your robot after? Explain your reasons for choosing it.

Accepted Answer

One should choose the nervous system and

Question 19

All molecules secreted by nerve cells (neuromodulators, neurotransmitters, and neurohormones)are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All molecules secreted by nerve cells (neuromodulators,...

Question 20

Compare and contrast the four basic methods of cell-to-cell communication.

Accepted Answer

The cells can:
1.transfer signal molecul

Exam 6: Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

A chemical that is secreted by a cell to act on cells in its immediate vicinity is called a(n)________.

Receptor molecules on the surface of a cell

An ion widely important in intracellular signaling is

Compare and contrast neural and endocrine control.

Match the term with its description: -the desired target value for a parameter

An integrating center

Which is NOT a basic method of cell-to-cell communication?

________ can be caused by alterations in receptors or by problems with G protein or second messenger pathways.

Compare and contrast hormones, neurotransmitters, and neurohormones.

To maintain ________, the body uses a combination of simple diffusion across small distances; wide spread distribution of molecules through the circulatory system and rapid, specific delivery of messages by the nervous system.

When adenylyl cyclase is activated,

What are NSAIDs, what is their function, and what are some drawbacks to their use?

Cyclic AMP activates

Receptors in cell signaling are not to be confused with receptors that activate a reflex arc.Explain the difference, using specific examples.

Each of the following is an example of homeostasis except one.Identify the exception.

Neurotransmitters and neurohormones both

You are part of a research team designing a robot for competition.Your robot needs to be able to respond to painful stimuli like stepping on broken glass.What type of human control system will you model your robot after? Explain your reasons for choosing it.

All molecules secreted by nerve cells (neuromodulators, neurotransmitters, and neurohormones)are known as ________.

Compare and contrast the four basic methods of cell-to-cell communication.

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

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