Exam 23: Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

Parathyroid hormone is

Somatostatin is another name for

The most important metabolic effect of ________ is protection against ________, crucial to surviving significant stress.

Parathyroid hormone

Match the condition with its description. -caused by growth hormone excess in childhood

The Thyroid hormones T₃ and T₄ are lipophilic so they do not require transporters to cross cell membranes.

Carmen has just given birth to her third child, and as with the first two, she stayed home and used the services of a nurse-midwife.While her recovery from the births of the first two children was normal and she was able to breast-feed both for two years, she is not lactating this time and is experiencing other difficulties.Her symptoms also include vomiting, fatigue, cold intolerance, and myxedema, which worsen over the coming weeks.She ignored her midwife's suggestion to see her doctor the day after giving birth, but has finally gone to an Ob-Gyn during the third week postpartum.Her newborn baby is healthy and thriving on human breast milk purchased from a milk bank.Diagnostic tests indicate decreased amounts of several hormones, as well as edema and poor blood flow into the pituitary.What do her symptoms indicate? Which hormones are likely decreased? What may be the root cause?

A diagnosis of thyroid cancer may be treated with removal of the thyroid gland.Which hormone or hormones may now be deficient? Considering each hormone individually, which ones should be restored and why? Explain any age-related considerations.Which nonthyroid hormone may be affected by careless thyroidectomy? Explain your answer, indicating whether or not it is critical to maintain this hormone.

Crossover effects are sometimes seen among

GH stimulates the secretion of ________ from the liver and other tissue.This hormone has ________ feedback effect on growth hormone secretion.

Calcium reabsorption at the kidneys is promoted by the hormone

GH

The effects of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissue include

Without cortisol's permissive effect on ________, an animal would die.

The precursor chemical for ACTH synthesis is

Match the disease with the description. -may result from adrenal tumor

Describe the hypothalamic-pituitary-endocrine organ pathways for the adrenal cortex and thyroid gland.Do releasing and/or trophic hormones exert effects outside this pathway? Explain.

The action of a hormone on a target cell involves effects on

List four factors that affect normal body growth.

An adult with cretinism has incomplete manifestation of puberty (e.g., scant pubic hair), abnormal facial features, dwarfism, and mental retardation.Explain what causes these symptoms.How is cretin dwarfism different from pituitary dwarfism? How could cretinism be prevented?