Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of physical self-concept in the Shavelson et al. model?

Accepted Answer

A)  Emotional states 
B)  Physical appearance 
C)  Physical ability 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Emotional states 
B)  Physical appearance 
C)  Physical ability 
D)  None of the above A

Question 2

Identify and define each of the four dimensions of body image. Give an example of how each dimension can be measured.

Accepted Answer

The four dimensions of body image are perceptual, affective, cognitive, and behavioral.

1. Perceptual dimension: This refers to how an individual sees their own body. It can be measured through techniques such as the use of visual scales or silhouette matching tasks, where individuals select the silhouette that best represents their own body size and shape.

2. Affective dimension: This refers to the emotional responses and feelings an individual has about their body. It can be measured through self-report questionnaires that assess feelings of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with one's body, such as the Body Esteem Scale.

3. Cognitive dimension: This refers to the thoughts and beliefs an individual has about their body. It can be measured through techniques such as the use of body image disturbance scales, which assess the extent to which an individual experiences distress or preoccupation with their body image.

4. Behavioral dimension: This refers to the actions and behaviors an individual engages in as a result of their body image. It can be measured through techniques such as the use of body checking or avoidance behaviors, where individuals engage in repetitive checking of their appearance or avoid situations that may trigger body image concerns.

Overall, these dimensions provide a comprehensive understanding of an individual's body image and can be measured through a variety of assessment tools and techniques.

Question 3

With respect to exercise and its effects on body image, which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exercise done at a mild intensity is just as effective as moderate-vigorous intensity exercise. 
B)  The effect of exercise on body image is largest among participants of university age. 
C)  Compared to bouts of shorter duration, longer duration exercise bouts are more effective at improving body image. 
D)  More exercise sessions per week lead to larger improvements in body image than fewer exercise sessions per week. 
A)  Exercise done at a mild intensity is just as effective as moderate-vigorous intensity exercise. 
B)  The effect of exercise on body image is largest among participants of university age. 
C)  Compared to bouts of shorter duration, longer duration exercise bouts are more effective at improving body image. 
D)  More exercise sessions per week lead to larger improvements in body image than fewer exercise sessions per week. D

Question 4

Which of the following is a mechanism of change for self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Changes in physical performance or fitness. 
B)  Increases in physical self-efficacy. 
C)  Improvements in body image. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Changes in physical performance or fitness. 
B)  Increases in physical self-efficacy. 
C)  Improvements in body image. 
D)  All of the above

Question 5

Compare and contrast self-esteem, self-concept, and body image. Indicate how these concepts relate to one another. Provide examples of each concept.

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem, self-concept, and body imag

Question 6

What is meant by the statement, "Body image can have both motivating and demotivating effects on exercise behavior"?

Accepted Answer

The statement "Body image can have both

Question 7

As a fitness professional, you see that your client has made objective gains in her muscular strength and endurance. Considering Sonstroem & Morgan's (1989) Exercise and Self-Esteem Model, why do you believe that this change in fitness may lead to a change in your client's physical self-concept, body image, and global self-esteem? What might happen if her physical self-concept and body image do not improve to the same extent?

Accepted Answer

The Exercise and Self-Esteem Model propo

Question 8

You have been hired as a life coach to help your client improve his self-esteem. In order to do this, you want to show your client that how he defines himself is reflected in how he feels about himself.
a. Diagram and discuss Shavelson et al.'s (1976) self-concept model with your client. Remember to tell him which domains/subdomains are specific/unstable versus more global/general.
b. Define self-concept and self-esteem in your own words. Explain to your client how his self-concept relates to his self-esteem.
c. Using the self-concept model, along with what you know about the Exercise and Self-Esteem Model, explain to your client how participating in physical activity may enhance his general self-concept and global self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

a. Shavelson et al.'s (1976) self-concep

Question 9

Self-perceptions can affect exercise behavior. For example, research has shown which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Global self-esteem consistently emerges as a predictor of physical activity and should be targeted in exercise-enhancing interventions. 
B)  Physical self-concept is reciprocally linked to physical activity participation and should be targeted in exercise-enhancing interventions. 
C)  Body image dissatisfaction is a primary motive among men and women who continue with their exercise program. 
D)  Women with high social physique anxiety prefer instructors who place emphasis on the appearance-, rather than health-, related benefits of exercise. 
A)  Global self-esteem consistently emerges as a predictor of physical activity and should be targeted in exercise-enhancing interventions. 
B)  Physical self-concept is reciprocally linked to physical activity participation and should be targeted in exercise-enhancing interventions. 
C)  Body image dissatisfaction is a primary motive among men and women who continue with their exercise program. 
D)  Women with high social physique anxiety prefer instructors who place emphasis on the appearance-, rather than health-, related benefits of exercise.

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Shavelson et al. model?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is hierarchically organized. 
B)  It is composed of two primary self-concept categories. 
C)  It is underpinned by situation-specific (unstable) self-evaluations. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  It is hierarchically organized. 
B)  It is composed of two primary self-concept categories. 
C)  It is underpinned by situation-specific (unstable) self-evaluations. 
D)  All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE about physical self-perceptions?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can be assessed by measures that tap into body image only. 
B)  They can be assessed by measures that tap into physical self-concept only. 
C)  They cannot be altered through exercise interventions. 
D)  Of all the domains of self-concept, physical self-perceptions are of primary interest to exercise psychologists. 
A)  They can be assessed by measures that tap into body image only. 
B)  They can be assessed by measures that tap into physical self-concept only. 
C)  They cannot be altered through exercise interventions. 
D)  Of all the domains of self-concept, physical self-perceptions are of primary interest to exercise psychologists.

Question 12

Provide an exercise prescription that may maximize the effects of exercise on body image. Be sure to include recommendations for frequency, intensity, type, and time.

Accepted Answer

To maximize the effects of exercise on b

Question 13

Which of the following is necessary for the purpose of enhancing self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Actual (objective) success 
B)  Perceived (subjective) success 
C)  Others' perceptions of your success 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Actual (objective) success 
B)  Perceived (subjective) success 
C)  Others' perceptions of your success 
D)  All of the above

Question 14

A local fitness center wants to enhance members' self-perceptions.
a. What two practical recommendations would you provide if the center wanted to enhance members' self-concept and self-esteem?
b. What three practical recommendations would you provide if the center wanted to improve members' body image?

Accepted Answer

a. Two practical recommendations to enha

Question 15

Which plays a greater role in improving self-esteem-objective or subjective physical fitness gains? Why?

Accepted Answer

Both objective and subjective physical f

Question 16

Which of the following is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Physical self-perceptions include both body image and physical self-concept 
B)  Physical activity likely impacts physical self-concept to a greater degree than emotional self-concept 
C)  Self-esteem is situation specific, whereas self-efficacy is generalized across tasks 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Physical self-perceptions include both body image and physical self-concept 
B)  Physical activity likely impacts physical self-concept to a greater degree than emotional self-concept 
C)  Self-esteem is situation specific, whereas self-efficacy is generalized across tasks 
D)  None of the above

Question 17

Spence and colleagues' (2005) meta-analysis examining the effect of exercise interventions on global self-perceptions (self-esteem and self-concept) found which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-perceptions improved to the same extent regardless of how often, how hard, or how long participants exercised. 
B)  A medium-sized, but significant effect of exercise for improving self-perceptions was shown. 
C)  Resistance training is the ideal mode of exercise for increasing self-perceptions. 
D)  Improvements in physical fitness are not required in order to improve self-perceptions. 
A)  Self-perceptions improved to the same extent regardless of how often, how hard, or how long participants exercised. 
B)  A medium-sized, but significant effect of exercise for improving self-perceptions was shown. 
C)  Resistance training is the ideal mode of exercise for increasing self-perceptions. 
D)  Improvements in physical fitness are not required in order to improve self-perceptions.

Question 18

Which of the following indicates that an individual may have body image disturbance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Poor global self-esteem 
B)  Body reality is less favorable than body ideal 
C)  Perceptual measures indicate perceived and actual body part width are about the same 
D)  High scores on Appearance Evaluation scale of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) 
A)  Poor global self-esteem 
B)  Body reality is less favorable than body ideal 
C)  Perceptual measures indicate perceived and actual body part width are about the same 
D)  High scores on Appearance Evaluation scale of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ)

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ)?

Accepted Answer

A)  It contains 90 items divided into 7 subscales 
B)  Higher scores indicate a more positive physical self-concept 
C)  Subscales include health, physical activity, endurance, and body image 
D)  All of the above 
A)  It contains 90 items divided into 7 subscales 
B)  Higher scores indicate a more positive physical self-concept 
C)  Subscales include health, physical activity, endurance, and body image 
D)  All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following is a suggestion to ensure that physical activity will lead to improvements in self-concept/self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Provide opportunities for exercisers to obtain feedback on their progress with regard to physical fitness and/or performance changes. 
B)  Conduct baseline health and fitness assessments, and repeat every few weeks. 
C)  Prompt new exercisers to consider personally meaningful reasons for being fit and healthy. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Provide opportunities for exercisers to obtain feedback on their progress with regard to physical fitness and/or performance changes. 
B)  Conduct baseline health and fitness assessments, and repeat every few weeks. 
C)  Prompt new exercisers to consider personally meaningful reasons for being fit and healthy. 
D)  All of the above

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of physical self-concept in the Shavelson et al. model?

Identify and define each of the four dimensions of body image. Give an example of how each dimension can be measured.

With respect to exercise and its effects on body image, which of the following is TRUE?

Which of the following is a mechanism of change for self-esteem?

Compare and contrast self-esteem, self-concept, and body image. Indicate how these concepts relate to one another. Provide examples of each concept.

What is meant by the statement, "Body image can have both motivating and demotivating effects on exercise behavior"?

Self-perceptions can affect exercise behavior. For example, research has shown which of the following?

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Shavelson et al. model?

Which of the following is TRUE about physical self-perceptions?

Provide an exercise prescription that may maximize the effects of exercise on body image. Be sure to include recommendations for frequency, intensity, type, and time.

Which of the following is necessary for the purpose of enhancing self-esteem?

Which plays a greater role in improving self-esteem-objective or subjective physical fitness gains? Why?

Which of the following is FALSE?

Spence and colleagues' (2005) meta-analysis examining the effect of exercise interventions on global self-perceptions (self-esteem and self-concept) found which of the following?

Which of the following indicates that an individual may have body image disturbance?

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ)?

Which of the following is a suggestion to ensure that physical activity will lead to improvements in self-concept/self-esteem?

Introduction to Exercise Psychology

Physical Activity Epidemiology

Understanding Exercise Behavior I

Understanding Exercise Behavior II

Developing Exercise Interventions: Part 1

Developing Exercise Interventions: Part 2

Personality and Exercise

Stress, Stress Reactivity, and Exercise

Anxiety and Exercise

Depression and Exercise

Emotional Well-Being and Exercise

Cognitive Function and Exercise

Health-Related Quality of Life and Exercise

Filters

Exam 8: Self-Perceptions and Exercise

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of physical self-concept in the Shavelson et al. model?

Identify and define each of the four dimensions of body image. Give an example of how each dimension can be measured.

With respect to exercise and its effects on body image, which of the following is TRUE?

Which of the following is a mechanism of change for self-esteem?

Compare and contrast self-esteem, self-concept, and body image. Indicate how these concepts relate to one another. Provide examples of each concept.

What is meant by the statement, "Body image can have both motivating and demotivating effects on exercise behavior"?

Self-perceptions can affect exercise behavior. For example, research has shown which of the following?

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Shavelson et al. model?

Which of the following is TRUE about physical self-perceptions?

Provide an exercise prescription that may maximize the effects of exercise on body image. Be sure to include recommendations for frequency, intensity, type, and time.

Which of the following is necessary for the purpose of enhancing self-esteem?

Which plays a greater role in improving self-esteem-objective or subjective physical fitness gains? Why?

Which of the following is FALSE?

Spence and colleagues' (2005) meta-analysis examining the effect of exercise interventions on global self-perceptions (self-esteem and self-concept) found which of the following?

Which of the following indicates that an individual may have body image disturbance?

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ)?

Which of the following is a suggestion to ensure that physical activity will lead to improvements in self-concept/self-esteem?

Introduction to Exercise Psychology

Physical Activity Epidemiology

Understanding Exercise Behavior I

Understanding Exercise Behavior II

Developing Exercise Interventions: Part 1

Developing Exercise Interventions: Part 2

Personality and Exercise

Stress, Stress Reactivity, and Exercise

Anxiety and Exercise

Depression and Exercise

Emotional Well-Being and Exercise

Cognitive Function and Exercise

Health-Related Quality of Life and Exercise

Filters