Question 1

The "incubation period" refers to the time period between:

Accepted Answer

A)  entry of the pathogen into the body and the first signs of infectious disease. 
B)  the onset of the prodromal period and the peak of the acute infection. 
C)  the onset of clinical signs and signs of recovery from infection. 
D)  the acute period and establishment of chronic infection. 
A)  entry of the pathogen into the body and the first signs of infectious disease. 
B)  the onset of the prodromal period and the peak of the acute infection. 
C)  the onset of clinical signs and signs of recovery from infection. 
D)  the acute period and establishment of chronic infection. A

Question 2

Which of the following is normally considered sterile?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urine 
B)  Pharynx 
C)  Distal urethra 
D)  Vagina 
A)  Urine 
B)  Pharynx 
C)  Distal urethra 
D)  Vagina A

Question 3

All of the following are mechanisms of antiviral drug action EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  interference with attachment to host cell. 
B)  block assembly of viral particles. 
C)  interference with mitosis. 
D)  shedding of protein coat. 
A)  interference with attachment to host cell. 
B)  block assembly of viral particles. 
C)  interference with mitosis. 
D)  shedding of protein coat. C

Question 4

A bacterial endospore can:

Accepted Answer

A)  also be classified as an acid-fast bacterium. 
B)  exist in latent form inside a host cell. 
C)  reproduce very rapidly. 
D)  survive high temperatures and a dry environment. 
A)  also be classified as an acid-fast bacterium. 
B)  exist in latent form inside a host cell. 
C)  reproduce very rapidly. 
D)  survive high temperatures and a dry environment.

Question 5

Opportunistic infection may develop when:

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogens enter the body but cannot colonize the site of entry. 
B)  an imbalance occurs in the normal resident flora. 
C)  host resistance increases, and the balance of resident flora is restored. 
D)  contaminated food or water is unknowingly ingested. 
A)  pathogens enter the body but cannot colonize the site of entry. 
B)  an imbalance occurs in the normal resident flora. 
C)  host resistance increases, and the balance of resident flora is restored. 
D)  contaminated food or water is unknowingly ingested.

Question 6

What does leukocytosis frequently indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immunosuppression 
B)  Bone marrow damage 
C)  Presence of bacterial infection 
D)  An allergic or autoimmune reaction 
A)  Immunosuppression 
B)  Bone marrow damage 
C)  Presence of bacterial infection 
D)  An allergic or autoimmune reaction

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of interferons?

Accepted Answer

A)  They block the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. 
B)  They reduce the inflammatory response to local infection. 
C)  They increase host cell resistance to viral invasion. 
D)  They may facilitate the spread of some cancer cells. 
A)  They block the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. 
B)  They reduce the inflammatory response to local infection. 
C)  They increase host cell resistance to viral invasion. 
D)  They may facilitate the spread of some cancer cells.

Question 8

Which of the following statements applies to Chlamydia?

Accepted Answer

A)  The microbe exists as a chain of cells. 
B)  It causes a common STD. 
C)  It possesses many flagella. 
D)  It is excreted in feces. 
A)  The microbe exists as a chain of cells. 
B)  It causes a common STD. 
C)  It possesses many flagella. 
D)  It is excreted in feces.

Question 9

Which of the following statements applies to Influenza A H1N1?

Accepted Answer

A)  It alters human chromosomes to cause manifestations. 
B)  It usually causes severe respiratory distress and high fever. 
C)  Infection is common in the elderly. 
D)  It contains genetic material from avian, swine, and human viruses. 
A)  It alters human chromosomes to cause manifestations. 
B)  It usually causes severe respiratory distress and high fever. 
C)  Infection is common in the elderly. 
D)  It contains genetic material from avian, swine, and human viruses.

Question 10

Fungi reproduce by:
1) budding.
2) extension of hyphae.
3) binary fission.
4) production of spores.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2 
B)  2, 4 
C)  1, 2, 4 
D)  2, 3, 4 
A)  1, 2 
B)  2, 4 
C)  1, 2, 4 
D)  2, 3, 4

Question 11

Inflamed tissue is likely to become infected because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the immune system is not effective in inflamed tissue. 
B)  the increased fluid and protein in the inflamed area supports microbial growth. 
C)  phagocytes cannot penetrate the inflamed areas. 
D)  capillaries are less permeable in the affected area. 
A)  the immune system is not effective in inflamed tissue. 
B)  the increased fluid and protein in the inflamed area supports microbial growth. 
C)  phagocytes cannot penetrate the inflamed areas. 
D)  capillaries are less permeable in the affected area.

Question 12

What does the term carrier mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  A person with active infection who acts as a reservoir for microbes 
B)  Animals, insects, objects, or surfaces contaminated by pathogens 
C)  An individual who is contagious through infected secretions on the hands 
D)  An asymptomatic person whose body harbors pathogens and can transmit them to others 
A)  A person with active infection who acts as a reservoir for microbes 
B)  Animals, insects, objects, or surfaces contaminated by pathogens 
C)  An individual who is contagious through infected secretions on the hands 
D)  An asymptomatic person whose body harbors pathogens and can transmit them to others

Question 13

Which of the following are characteristics of influenza virus?
1) It is an obligate intracellular parasite.
2) It contains RNA.
3) It usually causes nausea and vomiting.
4) There are three subtypes: A, B, C.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 4 
B)  1, 3 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 4 
A)  1, 4 
B)  1, 3 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 4

Question 14

Prions cannot be cultured in a PETRI plate of media because:

Accepted Answer

A)  they take so long to grow. 
B)  they require extensive amounts of specialized nutrients. 
C)  they are proteinaceous particles, not living organisms. 
D)  they are viruses that don't grow on conventional media. 
A)  they take so long to grow. 
B)  they require extensive amounts of specialized nutrients. 
C)  they are proteinaceous particles, not living organisms. 
D)  they are viruses that don't grow on conventional media.

Question 15

A broad-spectrum bactericidal agent would be expected to:

Accepted Answer

A)  destroy many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. 
B)  destroy all pathogenic microbes in contact with the agent. 
C)  reduce the replication of many bacteria. 
D)  inhibit the growth of most spores and acid-fast bacteria. 
A)  destroy many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. 
B)  destroy all pathogenic microbes in contact with the agent. 
C)  reduce the replication of many bacteria. 
D)  inhibit the growth of most spores and acid-fast bacteria.

Question 16

Which of the following microbes is classified as an obligate intracellular parasite?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fungus 
B)  Bacterium 
C)  Virus 
D)  Protozoa 
A)  Fungus 
B)  Bacterium 
C)  Virus 
D)  Protozoa

Question 17

How does penicillin act as a bactericidal agent?

Accepted Answer

A)  It interferes with cell-wall synthesis. 
B)  It blocks protein synthesis. 
C)  It increases cell membrane permeability. 
D)  It prevents DNA replication. 
A)  It interferes with cell-wall synthesis. 
B)  It blocks protein synthesis. 
C)  It increases cell membrane permeability. 
D)  It prevents DNA replication.

Question 18

A strict anaerobe requires which specific environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  A dry environment 
B)  An acidic medium 
C)  Air at a temperature less than 61° F/16° C 
D)  The absence of oxygen 
A)  A dry environment 
B)  An acidic medium 
C)  Air at a temperature less than 61° F/16° C 
D)  The absence of oxygen

Question 19

Which statement applies to yeasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are usually considered to be pathogenic. 
B)  They seldom contain a distinct nucleus. 
C)  They may cause opportunistic infection in the body. 
D)  They are normally not found in large numbers in resident flora. 
A)  They are usually considered to be pathogenic. 
B)  They seldom contain a distinct nucleus. 
C)  They may cause opportunistic infection in the body. 
D)  They are normally not found in large numbers in resident flora.

Question 20

Microbial mutation means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic information has changed. 
B)  pathogens become nonpathogens. 
C)  the microbe survives adverse conditions but can no longer replicate. 
D)  the immune response to that microbe is strengthened. 
A)  genetic information has changed. 
B)  pathogens become nonpathogens. 
C)  the microbe survives adverse conditions but can no longer replicate. 
D)  the immune response to that microbe is strengthened.

Exam 6: Infection

The "incubation period" refers to the time period between:

Which of the following is normally considered sterile?

All of the following are mechanisms of antiviral drug action EXCEPT:

A bacterial endospore can:

Opportunistic infection may develop when:

What does leukocytosis frequently indicate?

Which of the following is a function of interferons?

Which of the following statements applies to Chlamydia?

Which of the following statements applies to Influenza A H1N1?

Fungi reproduce by: 1) budding. 2) extension of hyphae. 3) binary fission. 4) production of spores.

Inflamed tissue is likely to become infected because:

What does the term carrier mean?

Which of the following are characteristics of influenza virus? 1) It is an obligate intracellular parasite. 2) It contains RNA. 3) It usually causes nausea and vomiting. 4) There are three subtypes: A, B, C.

Prions cannot be cultured in a PETRI plate of media because:

A broad-spectrum bactericidal agent would be expected to:

Which of the following microbes is classified as an obligate intracellular parasite?

How does penicillin act as a bactericidal agent?

A strict anaerobe requires which specific environment?

Which statement applies to yeasts?

Microbial mutation means that:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Complications due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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