Question 1

All of the following changes are associated with aging EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of elastic fibers. 
B)  decreased metabolic rate. 
C)  decreased secretion of all hormones. 
D)  degenerative vascular changes. 
A)  loss of elastic fibers. 
B)  decreased metabolic rate. 
C)  decreased secretion of all hormones. 
D)  degenerative vascular changes. C

Question 2

Lung expansion in the elderly may be reduced because of decreased:
1) tissue elasticity.
2) rib mobility.
3) control by the respiratory center.
4) skeletal muscle strength.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3 
B)  1, 4 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 4 
A)  1, 3 
B)  1, 4 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 4 D

Question 3

Which of the following may develop in an elderly patient who has several medical problems and is markedly obese?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoarthritis and cardiovascular complications 
B)  Decreased activity and diabetes mellitus 
C)  Undesirable interactions with multiple prescription drugs and over-the-counter (OT
C)  medications 
D)  A, B, and C 
A)  Osteoarthritis and cardiovascular complications 
B)  Decreased activity and diabetes mellitus 
C)  Undesirable interactions with multiple prescription drugs and over-the-counter (OT
C)  medications 
D)  A, B, and C D

Question 4

Predisposing factors to osteoporosis in older women include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased estrogen secretion. 
B)  genetic factors. 
C)  sedentary lifestyle. 
D)  decreased parathyroid hormone. 
A)  decreased estrogen secretion. 
B)  genetic factors. 
C)  sedentary lifestyle. 
D)  decreased parathyroid hormone.

Question 5

The term given to the change that occurs in women at around age 50 with the cessation of the menstrual cycle is:

Accepted Answer

A)  menopause. 
B)  dysmenorrhea. 
C)  amenorrhea. 
D)  menarche. 
A)  menopause. 
B)  dysmenorrhea. 
C)  amenorrhea. 
D)  menarche.

Question 6

Senescence refers to the period of time when:

Accepted Answer

A)  mitosis is accelerated. 
B)  apoptosis is reduced. 
C)  aging changes become apparent. 
D)  cell death exceeds cell replacement. 
A)  mitosis is accelerated. 
B)  apoptosis is reduced. 
C)  aging changes become apparent. 
D)  cell death exceeds cell replacement.

Question 7

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the increasing life span of the general population?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduced cognitive and social activities 
B)  Improved living conditions 
C)  Better nutrition 
D)  Advancements in health care 
A)  Reduced cognitive and social activities 
B)  Improved living conditions 
C)  Better nutrition 
D)  Advancements in health care

Question 8

Which of the following factors lead to delayed wound healing in the elderly?
1) Reduced rate of mitosis
2) Inadequate circulation
3) High risk of infection
4) More effective immune system

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 3 
C)  2, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3 
A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 3 
C)  2, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3

Question 9

Recommendations to reduce the risk factors and the progression of osteoporosis with aging include:

Accepted Answer

A)  reducing vitamin D intake. 
B)  maintaining walking and weight-bearing exercise. 
C)  increasing bone resorption. 
D)  maintaining glucocorticoid therapy. 
A)  reducing vitamin D intake. 
B)  maintaining walking and weight-bearing exercise. 
C)  increasing bone resorption. 
D)  maintaining glucocorticoid therapy.

Question 10

All are physiological changes that occur with aging EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced skeletal muscle mass. 
B)  degeneration of fibrocartilage in intervertebral discs in the spine. 
C)  increased basal metabolic rate (BMR). 
D)  reduced bladder capacity and incomplete bladder emptying. 
A)  reduced skeletal muscle mass. 
B)  degeneration of fibrocartilage in intervertebral discs in the spine. 
C)  increased basal metabolic rate (BMR). 
D)  reduced bladder capacity and incomplete bladder emptying.

Question 11

Theories about the causes of aging include:

Accepted Answer

A)  apoptosis. 
B)  wear and tear. 
C)  altered protein (amyloid) accumulation. 
D)  All the above 
A)  apoptosis. 
B)  wear and tear. 
C)  altered protein (amyloid) accumulation. 
D)  All the above

Question 12

What is a major factor leading to increased occurrence of cancer in the elderly?

Accepted Answer

A)  Widespread vascular degeneration 
B)  Cumulative exposure to carcinogens 
C)  Hereditary factors 
D)  Increased immune surveillance 
A)  Widespread vascular degeneration 
B)  Cumulative exposure to carcinogens 
C)  Hereditary factors 
D)  Increased immune surveillance

Question 13

Vision in the elderly may be impaired when the eyeball becomes less elastic, thus preventing accommodation and resulting in:

Accepted Answer

A)  presbyopia. 
B)  cataracts. 
C)  glaucoma. 
D)  damage to the retina. 
A)  presbyopia. 
B)  cataracts. 
C)  glaucoma. 
D)  damage to the retina.

Question 14

With advancing age, the major change in the cardiovascular system involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  irregular impulse conduction in the heart. 
B)  a reduced number of collagen fibers to support cardiac muscle. 
C)  vascular degeneration, leading to arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. 
D)  the heart valves becoming thin and weak. 
A)  irregular impulse conduction in the heart. 
B)  a reduced number of collagen fibers to support cardiac muscle. 
C)  vascular degeneration, leading to arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. 
D)  the heart valves becoming thin and weak.

Exam 24: Complications due to Aging

All of the following changes are associated with aging EXCEPT:

Lung expansion in the elderly may be reduced because of decreased: 1) tissue elasticity. 2) rib mobility. 3) control by the respiratory center. 4) skeletal muscle strength.

Which of the following may develop in an elderly patient who has several medical problems and is markedly obese?

Predisposing factors to osteoporosis in older women include all of the following EXCEPT:

The term given to the change that occurs in women at around age 50 with the cessation of the menstrual cycle is:

Senescence refers to the period of time when:

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the increasing life span of the general population?

Which of the following factors lead to delayed wound healing in the elderly? 1) Reduced rate of mitosis 2) Inadequate circulation 3) High risk of infection 4) More effective immune system

Recommendations to reduce the risk factors and the progression of osteoporosis with aging include:

All are physiological changes that occur with aging EXCEPT:

Theories about the causes of aging include:

What is a major factor leading to increased occurrence of cancer in the elderly?

Vision in the elderly may be impaired when the eyeball becomes less elastic, thus preventing accommodation and resulting in:

With advancing age, the major change in the cardiovascular system involves:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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