Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a cause of immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypoplasia of the thymus 
B)  Delayed hypersensitivity 
C)  Immunosuppressive drugs 
D)  Atrophy of the lymph nodes 
A)  Hypoplasia of the thymus 
B)  Delayed hypersensitivity 
C)  Immunosuppressive drugs 
D)  Atrophy of the lymph nodes B

Question 2

Which type of immunity is provided by a vaccination?

Accepted Answer

A)  Active natural 
B)  Active artificial 
C)  Passive natural 
D)  Passive artificial 
A)  Active natural 
B)  Active artificial 
C)  Passive natural 
D)  Passive artificial B

Question 3

Host-versus-graft disease refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperacute rejection of tissue. 
B)  T cells in grafted tissue attacking host cells. 
C)  infection resulting from immunosuppression therapy. 
D)  transplant rejection by the recipient's immune system. 
A)  hyperacute rejection of tissue. 
B)  T cells in grafted tissue attacking host cells. 
C)  infection resulting from immunosuppression therapy. 
D)  transplant rejection by the recipient's immune system. D

Question 4

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins or molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are genes on chromosome 6. 
B)  All members of a family have identical MHCs. 
C)  They alert the immune system to virus-infected cells. 
D)  A close match is essential for successful tissue transplants. 
A)  They are genes on chromosome 6. 
B)  All members of a family have identical MHCs. 
C)  They alert the immune system to virus-infected cells. 
D)  A close match is essential for successful tissue transplants.

Question 5

Following a positive HIV antibodies blood test and ELISA test, what is the test commonly used for confirmation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Agglutination 
B)  Double immunodiffusion test 
C)  Western blot test 
D)  Sedimentation rate test 
A)  Agglutination 
B)  Double immunodiffusion test 
C)  Western blot test 
D)  Sedimentation rate test

Question 6

In cases of HIV infection, the "window period" refers to the time between:

Accepted Answer

A)  entry of the virus into the blood and the initial manifestations. 
B)  entry of the virus into the body and the appearance of antibodies in the blood. 
C)  entry of the virus into the body and a significant drop in CD4 T-helper lymphocyte count. 
D)  diagnosis of "HIV positive" and diagnosis of "AIDS." 
A)  entry of the virus into the blood and the initial manifestations. 
B)  entry of the virus into the body and the appearance of antibodies in the blood. 
C)  entry of the virus into the body and a significant drop in CD4 T-helper lymphocyte count. 
D)  diagnosis of "HIV positive" and diagnosis of "AIDS."

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding immunoglobulins is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They consist of a unique sequence of amino acids. 
B)  They are produced in the red bone marrow. 
C)  They are attached to mucosal membranes at entry points into the body. 
D)  IgA binds to allergens. 
A)  They consist of a unique sequence of amino acids. 
B)  They are produced in the red bone marrow. 
C)  They are attached to mucosal membranes at entry points into the body. 
D)  IgA binds to allergens.

Question 8

The term tolerance refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  surveillance and destruction of new cancer cells by the immune system. 
B)  the ability of the immune system to ignore "self" cells. 
C)  the ability of T and B lymphocytes to work together. 
D)  the role of lymphoid tissue in the body defenses. 
A)  surveillance and destruction of new cancer cells by the immune system. 
B)  the ability of the immune system to ignore "self" cells. 
C)  the ability of T and B lymphocytes to work together. 
D)  the role of lymphoid tissue in the body defenses.

Question 9

Which of the following complications does NOT occur frequently in AIDS patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kaposi's sarcoma 
B)  Wasting syndrome 
C)  Lymphoma 
D)  Polyarthritis 
A)  Kaposi's sarcoma 
B)  Wasting syndrome 
C)  Lymphoma 
D)  Polyarthritis

Question 10

Neutrophils:

Accepted Answer

A)  are phagocytic cells. 
B)  produce histamine. 
C)  produce antibodies. 
D)  are elevated during an allergic response. 
A)  are phagocytic cells. 
B)  produce histamine. 
C)  produce antibodies. 
D)  are elevated during an allergic response.

Question 11

Immunodeficiencies may result in an increased risk of infections by normally harmless microorganisms. These infections are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  opportunistic. 
B)  prophylactic. 
C)  abnormal. 
D)  transient. 
A)  opportunistic. 
B)  prophylactic. 
C)  abnormal. 
D)  transient.

Question 12

The role of memory cells is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  change into an antibody-secreting cell following activation. 
B)  immediately secrete antibodies following the first exposure to antigen. 
C)  recognize the antigen and stimulate the immune response. 
D)  bind complement to the antibody. 
A)  change into an antibody-secreting cell following activation. 
B)  immediately secrete antibodies following the first exposure to antigen. 
C)  recognize the antigen and stimulate the immune response. 
D)  bind complement to the antibody.

Question 13

The most common cause of death in patients who have AIDS is:

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV encephalopathy. 
B)  tuberculosis. 
C)  Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 
D)  Candida infection. 
A)  HIV encephalopathy. 
B)  tuberculosis. 
C)  Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 
D)  Candida infection.

Question 14

A secondary immune response differs from the primary immune response in that:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is more rapid than the primary response and results in higher antibody levels. 
B)  it is slower than the primary response and doesn't change the antibody levels. 
C)  it occurs at the same time as the primary response but results in a decrease in antibodies. 
D)  it only occurs in hyperallergic reactions and results in a decrease of antibodies. 
A)  it is more rapid than the primary response and results in higher antibody levels. 
B)  it is slower than the primary response and doesn't change the antibody levels. 
C)  it occurs at the same time as the primary response but results in a decrease in antibodies. 
D)  it only occurs in hyperallergic reactions and results in a decrease of antibodies.

Question 15

What does seroconversion mean in relation to HIV and AIDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  The virus has been identified in the blood and body fluids. 
B)  Antibodies for HIV have been identified in the blood. 
C)  HIV was found in lymphocytes. 
D)  Active infection has developed in the patient. 
A)  The virus has been identified in the blood and body fluids. 
B)  Antibodies for HIV have been identified in the blood. 
C)  HIV was found in lymphocytes. 
D)  Active infection has developed in the patient.

Question 16

Which statement is TRUE regarding infants born to HIV-infected mothers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants usually test negative for HIV after birth. 
B)  There is little risk of infected mothers passing the virus to their infants during delivery. 
C)  Breast milk does not contain HIV or antibodies. 
D)  Infants test positive for HIV because of the presence of maternal antibodies. 
A)  Infants usually test negative for HIV after birth. 
B)  There is little risk of infected mothers passing the virus to their infants during delivery. 
C)  Breast milk does not contain HIV or antibodies. 
D)  Infants test positive for HIV because of the presence of maternal antibodies.

Question 17

Which statement applies to contact dermatitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It occurs when IgE antibodies on the skin react with the causative substance. 
B)  It may result from ingested foods. 
C)  Urticaria (hives) gradually spread over the body. 
D)  A type IV reaction occurs in affected areas. 
A)  It occurs when IgE antibodies on the skin react with the causative substance. 
B)  It may result from ingested foods. 
C)  Urticaria (hives) gradually spread over the body. 
D)  A type IV reaction occurs in affected areas.

Question 18

A diagnosis of HIV positive means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of T lymphocytes in the circulating blood is decreased. 
B)  significant opportunistic infection is present in the body. 
C)  the individual has AIDS. 
D)  the virus and its antibodies are present in the blood. 
A)  the number of T lymphocytes in the circulating blood is decreased. 
B)  significant opportunistic infection is present in the body. 
C)  the individual has AIDS. 
D)  the virus and its antibodies are present in the blood.

Question 19

Which of the following is an effect of cytokines? They:

Accepted Answer

A)  activate and stimulate proliferation of B and T lymphocytes. 
B)  destroy antigens quickly. 
C)  increase the rate of mitosis in tumors. 
D)  cause immediate pain. 
A)  activate and stimulate proliferation of B and T lymphocytes. 
B)  destroy antigens quickly. 
C)  increase the rate of mitosis in tumors. 
D)  cause immediate pain.

Question 20

Which cells are required to process and present antigens from foreign material as the initial step in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  T-helper cells 
B)  Macrophages 
C)  Eosinophils 
D)  Monocytes 
A)  T-helper cells 
B)  Macrophages 
C)  Eosinophils 
D)  Monocytes

Exam 7: Immunity

Which of the following is NOT a cause of immunodeficiency?

Which type of immunity is provided by a vaccination?

Host-versus-graft disease refers to:

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins or molecules?

Following a positive HIV antibodies blood test and ELISA test, what is the test commonly used for confirmation?

In cases of HIV infection, the "window period" refers to the time between:

Which of the following statements regarding immunoglobulins is TRUE?

The term tolerance refers to:

Which of the following complications does NOT occur frequently in AIDS patients?

Neutrophils:

Immunodeficiencies may result in an increased risk of infections by normally harmless microorganisms. These infections are referred to as:

The role of memory cells is to:

The most common cause of death in patients who have AIDS is:

A secondary immune response differs from the primary immune response in that:

What does seroconversion mean in relation to HIV and AIDS?

Which statement is TRUE regarding infants born to HIV-infected mothers?

Which statement applies to contact dermatitis?

A diagnosis of HIV positive means that:

Which of the following is an effect of cytokines? They:

Which cells are required to process and present antigens from foreign material as the initial step in the immune response?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Complications due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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