Question 1

Which of the following is caused by Graves' disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypermetabolism 
B)  Decreased size of thyroid gland 
C)  Bradycardia and hypothermia 
D)  Decreased blood levels of T3, T4, and TSH 
A)  Hypermetabolism 
B)  Decreased size of thyroid gland 
C)  Bradycardia and hypothermia 
D)  Decreased blood levels of T3, T4, and TSH A

Question 2

The anterior pituitary gland secretes all of the following hormones EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  prolactin (PRL). 
B)  glucagon. 
C)  adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). 
D)  growth hormone (GH). 
A)  prolactin (PRL). 
B)  glucagon. 
C)  adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). 
D)  growth hormone (GH). B

Question 3

Which of the following applies to oxytocin?
1) It stimulates contraction of the uterus after delivery.
2) It stimulates ejection of breast milk during lactation.
3) It stimulates mammary gland production of milk.
4) It is released from the adenohypophysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 4 
C)  1, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4 
A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 4 
C)  1, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4 A

Question 4

Early signs of hyperglycemia include polyphagia, which means :

Accepted Answer

A)  thirst. 
B)  increased urine output. 
C)  hunger. 
D)  glucose in the urine. 
A)  thirst. 
B)  increased urine output. 
C)  hunger. 
D)  glucose in the urine.

Question 5

Compensation mechanisms occurring in the early stage of diabetic ketoacidosis include:

Accepted Answer

A)  Kussmaul's respirations. 
B)  polydipsia. 
C)  ketonuria. 
D)  seizures. 
A)  Kussmaul's respirations. 
B)  polydipsia. 
C)  ketonuria. 
D)  seizures.

Question 6

A type of diabetes that may develop during pregnancy and disappear after delivery is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  temporary maternal diabetes. 
B)  fetal diabetes. 
C)  acute developmental diabetes. 
D)  gestational diabetes. 
A)  temporary maternal diabetes. 
B)  fetal diabetes. 
C)  acute developmental diabetes. 
D)  gestational diabetes.

Question 7

Which of the following conditions may precipitate or exacerbate hyperglycemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypothyroidism 
B)  Cushing's disease 
C)  Addison's disease 
D)  Growth hormone deficit 
A)  Hypothyroidism 
B)  Cushing's disease 
C)  Addison's disease 
D)  Growth hormone deficit

Question 8

Which of the following are common early signs of a pituitary adenoma?
1) Persistent headaches
2) Hemianopia
3) Hypertension
4) Papilledema

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 4 
B)  2, 3 
C)  1, 2 
D)  1, 3, 4 
A)  1, 4 
B)  2, 3 
C)  1, 2 
D)  1, 3, 4

Question 9

Which of the following is a major function of the hormone norepinephrine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inhibition of an excessive stress response 
B)  Visceral and cutaneous vasoconstriction 
C)  Increased force of heart contraction 
D)  Vasodilation in skeletal muscle 
A)  Inhibition of an excessive stress response 
B)  Visceral and cutaneous vasoconstriction 
C)  Increased force of heart contraction 
D)  Vasodilation in skeletal muscle

Question 10

Which of the following may cause high serum levels of parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypoparathyroidism 
B)  Chronic renal failure 
C)  Hypercalcemia 
D)  Adenoma in the thyroid gland 
A)  Hypoparathyroidism 
B)  Chronic renal failure 
C)  Hypercalcemia 
D)  Adenoma in the thyroid gland

Question 11

Characteristics of Cushing's syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Heavy body and round face 
B)  Atrophied skeletal muscle in the limbs 
C)  Staring eyes with infrequent blinking 
D)  Atrophy of the lymph nodes 
A)  Heavy body and round face 
B)  Atrophied skeletal muscle in the limbs 
C)  Staring eyes with infrequent blinking 
D)  Atrophy of the lymph nodes

Question 12

Differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type 1 diabetes weight gain is common, and type 2 weight loss often occurs. 
B)  Type 1 diabetes leads to fewer complications than does type 2 diabetes. 
C)  Type 1 diabetes may be controlled by adjusting dietary intake and exercise, but type 2 diabetes requires insulin replacement. 
D)  Type 1 diabetes occurs more frequently in children and adolescents, and type 2 diabetes occurs more often in adults. 
A)  Type 1 diabetes weight gain is common, and type 2 weight loss often occurs. 
B)  Type 1 diabetes leads to fewer complications than does type 2 diabetes. 
C)  Type 1 diabetes may be controlled by adjusting dietary intake and exercise, but type 2 diabetes requires insulin replacement. 
D)  Type 1 diabetes occurs more frequently in children and adolescents, and type 2 diabetes occurs more often in adults.

Question 13

Diabetic retinopathy results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  degeneration of large blood vessels supplying the eye. 
B)  abnormal metabolism in the lens of the eye. 
C)  neuropathy affecting the optic nerve. 
D)  obstruction or rupture of retinal blood vessels. 
A)  degeneration of large blood vessels supplying the eye. 
B)  abnormal metabolism in the lens of the eye. 
C)  neuropathy affecting the optic nerve. 
D)  obstruction or rupture of retinal blood vessels.

Question 14

What causes loss of consciousness in a person with diabetic ketoacidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toxic effects of excessive insulin 
B)  Excessive glucose in the blood 
C)  Metabolic acidosis 
D)  Lack of glucose in brain cells 
A)  Toxic effects of excessive insulin 
B)  Excessive glucose in the blood 
C)  Metabolic acidosis 
D)  Lack of glucose in brain cells

Question 15

Which of the following is recommended for immediate treatment of hypoglycemic shock?
1) If conscious, immediately give sweet fruit juice, honey, candy, or sugar.
2) If unconscious, give nothing by mouth (require intravenous glucose 50%).
3) Treat immediately with insulin.
4) Give large quantity of clear fluids for shock.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 3 
C)  2, 3 
D)  1, 3, 4 
A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 3 
C)  2, 3 
D)  1, 3, 4

Question 16

Which of the following does NOT usually develop as a complication of diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoporosis 
B)  Nephropathy 
C)  Impotence 
D)  Peripheral neuropathy 
A)  Osteoporosis 
B)  Nephropathy 
C)  Impotence 
D)  Peripheral neuropathy

Question 17

Polydipsia occurs with diabetes mellitus when:

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of insulin causes hunger. 
B)  ketone levels rise in the blood. 
C)  polyuria causes dehydration. 
D)  glucosuria causes ketoacidosis. 
A)  lack of insulin causes hunger. 
B)  ketone levels rise in the blood. 
C)  polyuria causes dehydration. 
D)  glucosuria causes ketoacidosis.

Question 18

Which of the following may cause insulin shock to develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Strenuous exercise 
B)  Missing an insulin dose 
C)  Eating excessively large meals 
D)  Sedentary lifestyle 
A)  Strenuous exercise 
B)  Missing an insulin dose 
C)  Eating excessively large meals 
D)  Sedentary lifestyle

Question 19

All these tissues use glucose without the aid of insulin EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  liver. 
B)  digestive system. 
C)  exercising skeletal muscle. 
D)  brain. 
A)  liver. 
B)  digestive system. 
C)  exercising skeletal muscle. 
D)  brain.

Question 20

Severe impairment of all aspects of growth and development, including difficulty feeding, mental retardation, and stunted skeletal growth, are associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  myxedema. 
B)  Cushing's syndrome. 
C)  diabetes insipidus. 
D)  cretinism. 
E)  Graves' disease. 
A)  myxedema. 
B)  Cushing's syndrome. 
C)  diabetes insipidus. 
D)  cretinism. 
E)  Graves' disease.

Exam 16: Endocrine System Disorders

Which of the following is caused by Graves' disease?

The anterior pituitary gland secretes all of the following hormones EXCEPT:

Which of the following applies to oxytocin? 1) It stimulates contraction of the uterus after delivery. 2) It stimulates ejection of breast milk during lactation. 3) It stimulates mammary gland production of milk. 4) It is released from the adenohypophysis.

Early signs of hyperglycemia include polyphagia, which means :

Compensation mechanisms occurring in the early stage of diabetic ketoacidosis include:

A type of diabetes that may develop during pregnancy and disappear after delivery is called:

Which of the following conditions may precipitate or exacerbate hyperglycemia?

Which of the following are common early signs of a pituitary adenoma? 1) Persistent headaches 2) Hemianopia 3) Hypertension 4) Papilledema

Which of the following is a major function of the hormone norepinephrine?

Which of the following may cause high serum levels of parathyroid hormone?

Characteristics of Cushing's syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT:

Differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes include which of the following?

Diabetic retinopathy results from:

What causes loss of consciousness in a person with diabetic ketoacidosis?

Which of the following does NOT usually develop as a complication of diabetes?

Polydipsia occurs with diabetes mellitus when:

Which of the following may cause insulin shock to develop?

All these tissues use glucose without the aid of insulin EXCEPT:

Severe impairment of all aspects of growth and development, including difficulty feeding, mental retardation, and stunted skeletal growth, are associated with:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Complications due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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