Question 1

Which statement is TRUE about tetanus infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is caused by a virus. 
B)  Infection usually develops in deep puncture wounds. 
C)  It causes flaccid skeletal muscles, impairing mobility. 
D)  It affects peripheral nerves initially in the legs and feet. 
A)  It is caused by a virus. 
B)  Infection usually develops in deep puncture wounds. 
C)  It causes flaccid skeletal muscles, impairing mobility. 
D)  It affects peripheral nerves initially in the legs and feet. B

Question 2

Which signs are indicative of post-polio syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Progressive spastic paralysis 
B)  Ascending flaccid paralysis 
C)  Progressive fatigue and weakness 
D)  Increasing numbness and paresthesias 
A)  Progressive spastic paralysis 
B)  Ascending flaccid paralysis 
C)  Progressive fatigue and weakness 
D)  Increasing numbness and paresthesias C

Question 3

Which of the following is characteristic of multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Remissions and exacerbations 
B)  Predictable pattern of progression in all patients 
C)  Onset in men and women more than 60 years of age 
D)  Full recovery of function during remissions 
A)  Remissions and exacerbations 
B)  Predictable pattern of progression in all patients 
C)  Onset in men and women more than 60 years of age 
D)  Full recovery of function during remissions A

Question 4

Which statement does NOT apply to status epilepticus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Seizures are recurrent or continuous without full recovery between episodes. 
B)  Severe hypoxia and acidosis develop. 
C)  Person does not lose consciousness during seizure. 
D)  If the episode persists, there may be additional brain damage. 
A)  Seizures are recurrent or continuous without full recovery between episodes. 
B)  Severe hypoxia and acidosis develop. 
C)  Person does not lose consciousness during seizure. 
D)  If the episode persists, there may be additional brain damage.

Question 5

What is the rationale for vomiting in a patient who has increased intracranial pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemoreceptors responding to changes in the blood 
B)  Pressure extending to spinal nerves 
C)  Pressure on the emetic center in the medulla 
D)  Stimuli to the hypothalamic center for hunger and thirst 
A)  Chemoreceptors responding to changes in the blood 
B)  Pressure extending to spinal nerves 
C)  Pressure on the emetic center in the medulla 
D)  Stimuli to the hypothalamic center for hunger and thirst

Question 6

What does the clonic stage of a seizure consist of?

Accepted Answer

A)  A sudden strong skeletal muscle contraction and rigidity of trunk and limbs 
B)  A cry and contraction of abdominal and thoracic muscles 
C)  Alternating contractions and relaxation of skeletal muscles 
D)  Cessation of all skeletal muscle activity 
A)  A sudden strong skeletal muscle contraction and rigidity of trunk and limbs 
B)  A cry and contraction of abdominal and thoracic muscles 
C)  Alternating contractions and relaxation of skeletal muscles 
D)  Cessation of all skeletal muscle activity

Question 7

What would be the effect of damage to the auditory association area in the left hemisphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loss of hearing in both ears 
B)  Inability to understand what is heard 
C)  Loss of hearing in the left ear 
D)  Inability to determine the source of the sound 
A)  Loss of hearing in both ears 
B)  Inability to understand what is heard 
C)  Loss of hearing in the left ear 
D)  Inability to determine the source of the sound

Question 8

Expressive aphasia is most likely to result from damage to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the left frontal lobe. 
B)  the left temporal lobe. 
C)  the right motor cortex. 
D)  Wernicke's area. 
A)  the left frontal lobe. 
B)  the left temporal lobe. 
C)  the right motor cortex. 
D)  Wernicke's area.

Question 9

Which of the following are typical early signs of Alzheimer's disease?
1) Behavioral changes
2) Reduced ability to reason and problem solve
3) Decreased verbal responses
4) Urinary incontinence

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 4 
C)  2, 3 
D)  1, 3, 4 
A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 4 
C)  2, 3 
D)  1, 3, 4

Question 10

Which of the following is a typical early sign of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Impaired ventilation 
B)  Cognitive impairment 
C)  Poor control of eye movement 
D)  Weakness and muscle atrophy in upper limbs 
A)  Impaired ventilation 
B)  Cognitive impairment 
C)  Poor control of eye movement 
D)  Weakness and muscle atrophy in upper limbs

Question 11

What are significant signs of acute bacterial meningitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Severe headache, nuchal rigidity, and photophobia 
B)  Fatigue and lethargy, fever, and anorexia 
C)  Focal signs, such as progressive paralysis in a limb 
D)  Ascending paralysis beginning in the legs 
A)  Severe headache, nuchal rigidity, and photophobia 
B)  Fatigue and lethargy, fever, and anorexia 
C)  Focal signs, such as progressive paralysis in a limb 
D)  Ascending paralysis beginning in the legs

Question 12

What does a vegetative state refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Depression of the reticular activating system (RAS) and inability to initiate action 
B)  Loss of awareness and intellectual function but continued brainstem function 
C)  Continuing intellectual function but inability to communicate or move 
D)  Disorientation and confusion with decreased responsiveness 
A)  Depression of the reticular activating system (RAS) and inability to initiate action 
B)  Loss of awareness and intellectual function but continued brainstem function 
C)  Continuing intellectual function but inability to communicate or move 
D)  Disorientation and confusion with decreased responsiveness

Question 13

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)?

Accepted Answer

A)  They usually cause necrosis and permanent brain damage. 
B)  They may be caused by rupture of an aneurysm or a damaged artery. 
C)  They usually indicate systemic hypertension. 
D)  They can warn of potential cerebrovascular accidents. 
A)  They usually cause necrosis and permanent brain damage. 
B)  They may be caused by rupture of an aneurysm or a damaged artery. 
C)  They usually indicate systemic hypertension. 
D)  They can warn of potential cerebrovascular accidents.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about berry aneurysms in the brain is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They usually develop at points of bifurcation in the circle of Willis. 
B)  They are usually asymptomatic for many years. 
C)  CSF remains free of blood. 
D)  Following rupture, blood appears in the subarachnoid space. 
A)  They usually develop at points of bifurcation in the circle of Willis. 
B)  They are usually asymptomatic for many years. 
C)  CSF remains free of blood. 
D)  Following rupture, blood appears in the subarachnoid space.

Question 15

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to myasthenia gravis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cholinergic receptors at the neuromuscular junctions are damaged. 
B)  It is an autoimmune disorder. 
C)  Muscle weakness and fatigue occur in the face and neck. 
D)  Dementia develops in the later stage. 
A)  The cholinergic receptors at the neuromuscular junctions are damaged. 
B)  It is an autoimmune disorder. 
C)  Muscle weakness and fatigue occur in the face and neck. 
D)  Dementia develops in the later stage.

Question 16

What characteristic is common to all individuals with cerebral palsy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some loss of cognitive function 
B)  One or more types of seizure 
C)  Serious multiple communication difficulties 
D)  Some degree of motor disability 
A)  Some loss of cognitive function 
B)  One or more types of seizure 
C)  Serious multiple communication difficulties 
D)  Some degree of motor disability

Question 17

Which type of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) has the poorest prognosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  CVA caused by thrombus 
B)  Hemorrhagic CVA 
C)  Embolic CVA 
D)  No difference among types 
A)  CVA caused by thrombus 
B)  Hemorrhagic CVA 
C)  Embolic CVA 
D)  No difference among types

Question 18

As intracranial pressure rises, the pupil of the eye, ipsilateral to the lesion, becomes dilated and unresponsive to light because of pressure on the:

Accepted Answer

A)  optic nerve. 
B)  peripheral nervous system (PNS) fibers in cranial nerve III. 
C)  sympathetic nervous system (SNS) nerve to the eye. 
D)  occipital lobe. 
A)  optic nerve. 
B)  peripheral nervous system (PNS) fibers in cranial nerve III. 
C)  sympathetic nervous system (SNS) nerve to the eye. 
D)  occipital lobe.

Question 19

How does a depressed skull fracture cause brain damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  A bone fragment penetrates and tears brain tissue. 
B)  A section of the skull is missing, leaving the brain unprotected. 
C)  A section of skull bone is displaced below the level of the skull, causing pressure on the brain. 
D)  Many fracture lines are present, causing instability. 
E)  The contrecoup injury is the cause of brain damage. 
A)  A bone fragment penetrates and tears brain tissue. 
B)  A section of the skull is missing, leaving the brain unprotected. 
C)  A section of skull bone is displaced below the level of the skull, causing pressure on the brain. 
D)  Many fracture lines are present, causing instability. 
E)  The contrecoup injury is the cause of brain damage.

Question 20

All of the following may precipitate a seizure EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoglycemia. 
B)  hypoventilation. 
C)  brain abscess. 
D)  high fever in young child. 
A)  hypoglycemia. 
B)  hypoventilation. 
C)  brain abscess. 
D)  high fever in young child.

Exam 14: Neurological Disorders

Which statement is TRUE about tetanus infection?

Which signs are indicative of post-polio syndrome?

Which of the following is characteristic of multiple sclerosis?

Which statement does NOT apply to status epilepticus?

What is the rationale for vomiting in a patient who has increased intracranial pressure?

What does the clonic stage of a seizure consist of?

What would be the effect of damage to the auditory association area in the left hemisphere?

Expressive aphasia is most likely to result from damage to:

Which of the following are typical early signs of Alzheimer's disease? 1) Behavioral changes 2) Reduced ability to reason and problem solve 3) Decreased verbal responses 4) Urinary incontinence

Which of the following is a typical early sign of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

What are significant signs of acute bacterial meningitis?

What does a vegetative state refer to?

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)?

Which of the following statements about berry aneurysms in the brain is NOT true?

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to myasthenia gravis?

What characteristic is common to all individuals with cerebral palsy?

Which type of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) has the poorest prognosis?

As intracranial pressure rises, the pupil of the eye, ipsilateral to the lesion, becomes dilated and unresponsive to light because of pressure on the:

How does a depressed skull fracture cause brain damage?

All of the following may precipitate a seizure EXCEPT:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Complications due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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