Question 1

How does total obstruction of the airway lead to atelectasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased surfactant production impairs lung expansion. 
B)  The involved lung is compressed. 
C)  Air is absorbed from the alveoli distal to the obstruction. 
D)  Air continues to be inspired but is trapped distal to the obstruction. 
A)  Decreased surfactant production impairs lung expansion. 
B)  The involved lung is compressed. 
C)  Air is absorbed from the alveoli distal to the obstruction. 
D)  Air continues to be inspired but is trapped distal to the obstruction. C

Question 2

Which of the following would result from hyperventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory acidosis 
B)  Respiratory alkalosis 
C)  Metabolic alkalosis 
D)  Metabolic acidosis 
A)  Respiratory acidosis 
B)  Respiratory alkalosis 
C)  Metabolic alkalosis 
D)  Metabolic acidosis B

Question 3

How is primary tuberculosis identified?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cavitation in the lungs and spread of the microbe to other organs 
B)  Persistent productive cough, low-grade fever, and fatigue 
C)  Caseation necrosis and formation of a tubercle in the lungs 
D)  Multiple granulomas in the lungs and rapid spread of the microbe 
A)  Cavitation in the lungs and spread of the microbe to other organs 
B)  Persistent productive cough, low-grade fever, and fatigue 
C)  Caseation necrosis and formation of a tubercle in the lungs 
D)  Multiple granulomas in the lungs and rapid spread of the microbe C

Question 4

Which of the following statements describe the pathophysiology of adult respiratory distress syndrome?
1) Damage leading to increased permeability of the alveolar capillary membranes
2) Decreased surface tension in the alveoli
3) Excessive fluid and protein interstitially and in the alveoli
4) Multiple diffuse hemorrhages in the lungs

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 3 
C)  2, 3 
D)  3, 4 
A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 3 
C)  2, 3 
D)  3, 4

Question 5

How is cardiac output reduced with a flail chest injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atelectasis compresses the heart. 
B)  Venous return is impaired. 
C)  Intrapleural pressure is decreased. 
D)  Air pressure continues to increase in the pleural space. 
A)  Atelectasis compresses the heart. 
B)  Venous return is impaired. 
C)  Intrapleural pressure is decreased. 
D)  Air pressure continues to increase in the pleural space.

Question 6

What is a large-sized pulmonary embolus likely to cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypertension and left-sided heart failure 
B)  Atelectasis and respiratory failure 
C)  Hypotension and right-sided heart failure 
D)  Pleural effusion and atelectasis 
A)  Hypertension and left-sided heart failure 
B)  Atelectasis and respiratory failure 
C)  Hypotension and right-sided heart failure 
D)  Pleural effusion and atelectasis

Question 7

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  TB bacilli are spread by oral droplet. 
B)  TB bacilli are slow-growing bacteria. 
C)  Active TB must be treated in hospital for many months. 
D)  Active TB can be prevented by good host resistance. 
A)  TB bacilli are spread by oral droplet. 
B)  TB bacilli are slow-growing bacteria. 
C)  Active TB must be treated in hospital for many months. 
D)  Active TB can be prevented by good host resistance.

Question 8

Which of the following activities does NOT require muscle contractions and energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Quiet inspiration 
B)  Forced inspiration 
C)  Quiet expiration 
D)  Forced expiration 
A)  Quiet inspiration 
B)  Forced inspiration 
C)  Quiet expiration 
D)  Forced expiration

Question 9

Rust-colored sputum in a patient with pneumonia usually indicates:

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary hemorrhage in the lungs. 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae is the infecting agent. 
C)  prolonged stasis of mucous secretions in the airways. 
D)  persistent coughing has damaged the mucosa in the bronchi. 
A)  secondary hemorrhage in the lungs. 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae is the infecting agent. 
C)  prolonged stasis of mucous secretions in the airways. 
D)  persistent coughing has damaged the mucosa in the bronchi.

Question 10

What happens in the lungs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax?

Accepted Answer

A)  Air is forced out of the lungs. 
B)  Lung volume increases. 
C)  Intrapulmonic pressure decreases. 
D)  Intrapleural pressure decreases. 
A)  Air is forced out of the lungs. 
B)  Lung volume increases. 
C)  Intrapulmonic pressure decreases. 
D)  Intrapleural pressure decreases.

Question 11

Which of the following drugs in an inhaler would likely be carried by individuals to provide immediate control of acute asthma attacks?

Accepted Answer

A)  A glucocorticoid 
B)  Epinephrine 
C)  Cromolyn 
D)  A β2-adrenergic agent 
A)  A glucocorticoid 
B)  Epinephrine 
C)  Cromolyn 
D)  A β2-adrenergic agent

Question 12

Restrictive lung disorders may be divided into two groups based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  patient history of obesity and exposure to other COPD. 
B)  smoking history and congenital defects. 
C)  previous lung disease and cardiovascular disorders. 
D)  anatomical abnormality and lung disease damage, impairing expansion. 
A)  patient history of obesity and exposure to other COPD. 
B)  smoking history and congenital defects. 
C)  previous lung disease and cardiovascular disorders. 
D)  anatomical abnormality and lung disease damage, impairing expansion.

Question 13

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the blood because:

Accepted Answer

A)  PO2 is higher in the blood. 
B)  PO2 is lower in the blood. 
C)  CO2 is diffusing out of the blood. 
D)  more CO2 is diffusing out of cells into the blood. 
A)  PO2 is higher in the blood. 
B)  PO2 is lower in the blood. 
C)  CO2 is diffusing out of the blood. 
D)  more CO2 is diffusing out of cells into the blood.

Question 14

Which factors contribute to postoperative atelectasis?
1) Decreased secretions in the airways
2) Drug-related respiratory depression
3) Abdominal distention and pain
4) Excessive deep-breathing and coughing

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2 
B)  2, 3 
C)  3, 4 
D)  1, 4 
A)  1, 2 
B)  2, 3 
C)  3, 4 
D)  1, 4

Question 15

Why does hypercalcemia occur with bronchogenic carcinoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Invasion of the parathyroid gland by the tumor 
B)  Secretion of parathyroid or parathyroid like hormones by the tumor 
C)  Destruction of the ribs 
D)  Failure of the kidney to excrete calcium ions 
A)  Invasion of the parathyroid gland by the tumor 
B)  Secretion of parathyroid or parathyroid like hormones by the tumor 
C)  Destruction of the ribs 
D)  Failure of the kidney to excrete calcium ions

Question 16

Which of the following describes lobar pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sudden onset of fever and chills, with rales and rusty sputum 
B)  Insidious onset, diffuse interstitial infection 
C)  Viral infection causing nonproductive cough and pleuritic pain 
D)  Opportunistic bacteria causing low-grade fever with cough and thick greenish sputum 
A)  Sudden onset of fever and chills, with rales and rusty sputum 
B)  Insidious onset, diffuse interstitial infection 
C)  Viral infection causing nonproductive cough and pleuritic pain 
D)  Opportunistic bacteria causing low-grade fever with cough and thick greenish sputum

Question 17

How does severe hypoxia develop with pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acidosis depresses respirations. 
B)  Oxygen diffusion is impaired by the congestion. 
C)  Inflammatory exudate absorbs oxygen from the alveolar air. 
D)  Infection reduces effective compensation by the heart. 
A)  Acidosis depresses respirations. 
B)  Oxygen diffusion is impaired by the congestion. 
C)  Inflammatory exudate absorbs oxygen from the alveolar air. 
D)  Infection reduces effective compensation by the heart.

Question 18

Which of the following distinguishes influenza from infectious rhinitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Influenza is a viral infection. 
B)  Treatment is symptomatic 
C)  Influenza has a sudden onset with fever, marked muscle aching, and severe malaise. 
D)  Complications can occur with influenza. 
A)  Influenza is a viral infection. 
B)  Treatment is symptomatic 
C)  Influenza has a sudden onset with fever, marked muscle aching, and severe malaise. 
D)  Complications can occur with influenza.

Question 19

Which of the following values is always decreased with respiratory alkalosis (compensated or decompensated)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Serum bicarbonate 
B)  PaCO2 
C)  Serum pH 
D)  Urine pH 
A)  Serum bicarbonate 
B)  PaCO2 
C)  Serum pH 
D)  Urine pH

Question 20

What would be the most effective compensation for respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The kidneys eliminating more bicarbonate ions 
B)  The kidneys producing more bicarbonate ions 
C)  The kidneys reabsorbing more hydrogen ions 
D)  An increase in respiratory rate 
A)  The kidneys eliminating more bicarbonate ions 
B)  The kidneys producing more bicarbonate ions 
C)  The kidneys reabsorbing more hydrogen ions 
D)  An increase in respiratory rate

Exam 13: Respiratory System Disorders

How does total obstruction of the airway lead to atelectasis?

Which of the following would result from hyperventilation?

How is primary tuberculosis identified?

How is cardiac output reduced with a flail chest injury?

What is a large-sized pulmonary embolus likely to cause?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following activities does NOT require muscle contractions and energy?

Rust-colored sputum in a patient with pneumonia usually indicates:

What happens in the lungs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax?

Which of the following drugs in an inhaler would likely be carried by individuals to provide immediate control of acute asthma attacks?

Restrictive lung disorders may be divided into two groups based on:

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the blood because:

Which factors contribute to postoperative atelectasis? 1) Decreased secretions in the airways 2) Drug-related respiratory depression 3) Abdominal distention and pain 4) Excessive deep-breathing and coughing

Why does hypercalcemia occur with bronchogenic carcinoma?

Which of the following describes lobar pneumonia?

How does severe hypoxia develop with pneumonia?

Which of the following distinguishes influenza from infectious rhinitis?

Which of the following values is always decreased with respiratory alkalosis (compensated or decompensated)?

What would be the most effective compensation for respiratory acidosis?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

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Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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