Question 1

Gaps in the insulating material that surrounds axons are known as ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) interpeduncular nuclei 
B) ​nodes of Ranvier 
C) ​myelin synapses 
D) presynaptic terminals 
A) interpeduncular nuclei 
B) ​nodes of Ranvier 
C) ​myelin synapses 
D) presynaptic terminals

Question 2

What mechanism prevents or slows some chemicals from entering the brain,while allowing others to enter?​

Accepted Answer

A) a threshold 
B) ​a blood-brain barrier 
C) ​an endoplasmic wall 
D) a differential-drug inhibitor 
A) a threshold 
B) ​a blood-brain barrier 
C) ​an endoplasmic wall 
D) a differential-drug inhibitor

Question 3

The membrane of a neuron is composed of ____ with ____ embedded in them.​

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrates; purines 
B) ​fat molecules; proteins 
C) ​proteins; neurotransmitters 
D) benzene molecules; carbohydrates 
A) carbohydrates; purines 
B) ​fat molecules; proteins 
C) ​proteins; neurotransmitters 
D) benzene molecules; carbohydrates

Question 4

The concentration gradient for potassium tends to ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) draw potassium into the cell 
B) ​push chloride out of the cell 
C) ​push sodium out of the cell 
D) push potassium out of the cell 
A) draw potassium into the cell 
B) ​push chloride out of the cell 
C) ​push sodium out of the cell 
D) push potassium out of the cell

Question 5

What do neurons have that other cells do not?​

Accepted Answer

A) a plasma membrane 
B) ​large, branching extensions 
C) ​protein channels 
D) an endoplasmic reticulum 
A) a plasma membrane 
B) ​large, branching extensions 
C) ​protein channels 
D) an endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

Neurons are distinguished from other cells by their shape.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The idea that a neuron's membrane is polarized refers to a difference in electrical potential between ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) the axons and the dendrites 
B) ​the axon hillock and the cell body 
C) ​sodium ions and potassium ions 
D) the inside and the outside of the membrane 
A) the axons and the dendrites 
B) ​the axon hillock and the cell body 
C) ​sodium ions and potassium ions 
D) the inside and the outside of the membrane

Question 8

If you were to accidentally touch a hot stove with your hand,you would quickly pull your hand away.The information carried to the muscles in your arm to make them contract was carried by ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) efferent neurons 
B) ​afferent neurons 
C) ​intrinsic neurons 
D) sensory neurons 
A) efferent neurons 
B) ​afferent neurons 
C) ​intrinsic neurons 
D) sensory neurons

Question 9

Small,charged molecules can cross the cell membrane through ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion 
B) ​ribosomes 
C) ​mitochondria 
D) protein channels 
A) diffusion 
B) ​ribosomes 
C) ​mitochondria 
D) protein channels

Question 10

Molecules that can cross the blood-brain barrier are usually ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) large, uncharged molecules, such as lactose 
B) ​large, charged molecules 
C) ​neurotransmitters, such as dopamine 
D) molecules that can dissolve in the fats of the capillary walls 
A) large, uncharged molecules, such as lactose 
B) ​large, charged molecules 
C) ​neurotransmitters, such as dopamine 
D) molecules that can dissolve in the fats of the capillary walls

Question 11

Ribosomes are the part of a cell that ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) performs metabolic activities 
B) ​breaks down harmful chemicals 
C) ​transports proteins 
D) synthesizes new proteins 
A) performs metabolic activities 
B) ​breaks down harmful chemicals 
C) ​transports proteins 
D) synthesizes new proteins

Question 12

The insulating material that covers many vertebrate axons is called the ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) dendrite 
B) ​myelin sheath 
C) ​cell body or soma 
D) presynaptic terminal 
A) dendrite 
B) ​myelin sheath 
C) ​cell body or soma 
D) presynaptic terminal

Question 13

At the resting potential,the potassium channels are completely closed and the sodium channels are almost closed.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What structure is composed of two layers of fat molecules that are free to flow around one another?​

Accepted Answer

A) the endoplasmic reticulum 
B) ​a ribosome 
C) ​a mitochondrion 
D) the membrane 
A) the endoplasmic reticulum 
B) ​a ribosome 
C) ​a mitochondrion 
D) the membrane

Question 15

The endoplasmic reticulum is a ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins 
B) ​site where the cell synthesizes new protein molecules 
C) ​structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside 
D) structure that contains the chromosomes 
A) network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins 
B) ​site where the cell synthesizes new protein molecules 
C) ​structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside 
D) structure that contains the chromosomes

Question 16

When a neuron's membrane is at rest,the concentration gradient tends to move potassium ____ the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it ____ the cell.​

Accepted Answer

A) into; into 
B) ​into; out of 
C) ​out of; into 
D) out of; out of 
A) into; into 
B) ​into; out of 
C) ​out of; into 
D) out of; out of

Question 17

Electrical gradients lead to the ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) general movement of ions into the neuron 
B) ​general movement of ions out of the neuron 
C) ​movement of ions to areas having the same electrical charges 
D) movement of ions to areas having opposite electrical charges 
A) general movement of ions into the neuron 
B) ​general movement of ions out of the neuron 
C) ​movement of ions to areas having the same electrical charges 
D) movement of ions to areas having opposite electrical charges

Question 18

The resting potential is mainly the result of ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) negatively charged proteins inside the cell 
B) ​positively charged proteins inside the cell 
C) ​negatively charged proteins outside the cell 
D) positively charged proteins outside the cell 
A) negatively charged proteins inside the cell 
B) ​positively charged proteins inside the cell 
C) ​negatively charged proteins outside the cell 
D) positively charged proteins outside the cell

Question 19

Glial cells transmit information across long distances.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

When a membrane is at rest,what attracts sodium ions to the inside of the cell?​

Accepted Answer

A) an electrical gradient 
B) ​a concentration gradient 
C) ​both an electrical gradient and a concentration gradient 
D) neither an electrical gradient nor a concentration gradient 
A) an electrical gradient 
B) ​a concentration gradient 
C) ​both an electrical gradient and a concentration gradient 
D) neither an electrical gradient nor a concentration gradient

Gaps in the insulating material that surrounds axons are known as ____.

What mechanism prevents or slows some chemicals from entering the brain,while allowing others to enter?

The membrane of a neuron is composed of with embedded in them.

The concentration gradient for potassium tends to ____.

What do neurons have that other cells do not?

Neurons are distinguished from other cells by their shape.

The idea that a neuron's membrane is polarized refers to a difference in electrical potential between ____.

If you were to accidentally touch a hot stove with your hand,you would quickly pull your hand away.The information carried to the muscles in your arm to make them contract was carried by ____.

Small,charged molecules can cross the cell membrane through ____.

Molecules that can cross the blood-brain barrier are usually ____.

Ribosomes are the part of a cell that ____.

The insulating material that covers many vertebrate axons is called the ____.

At the resting potential,the potassium channels are completely closed and the sodium channels are almost closed.

What structure is composed of two layers of fat molecules that are free to flow around one another?

The endoplasmic reticulum is a ____.

When a neuron's membrane is at rest,the concentration gradient tends to move potassium the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it the cell.

Electrical gradients lead to the ____.

The resting potential is mainly the result of ____.

Glial cells transmit information across long distances.

When a membrane is at rest,what attracts sodium ions to the inside of the cell?

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Exam 1: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Gaps in the insulating material that surrounds axons are known as ____.​

What mechanism prevents or slows some chemicals from entering the brain,while allowing others to enter?​

The membrane of a neuron is composed of ____ with ____ embedded in them.​

The concentration gradient for potassium tends to ____.​

What do neurons have that other cells do not?​

Neurons are distinguished from other cells by their shape.​

The idea that a neuron's membrane is polarized refers to a difference in electrical potential between ____.​

If you were to accidentally touch a hot stove with your hand,you would quickly pull your hand away.The information carried to the muscles in your arm to make them contract was carried by ____.​

Small,charged molecules can cross the cell membrane through ____.​

Molecules that can cross the blood-brain barrier are usually ____.​

Ribosomes are the part of a cell that ____.​

The insulating material that covers many vertebrate axons is called the ____.​

At the resting potential,the potassium channels are completely closed and the sodium channels are almost closed.​

What structure is composed of two layers of fat molecules that are free to flow around one another?​

The endoplasmic reticulum is a ____.​

When a neuron's membrane is at rest,the concentration gradient tends to move potassium ____ the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it ____ the cell.​

Electrical gradients lead to the ____.​

The resting potential is mainly the result of ____.​

Glial cells transmit information across long distances.​

When a membrane is at rest,what attracts sodium ions to the inside of the cell?​

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Gaps in the insulating material that surrounds axons are known as ____.

What mechanism prevents or slows some chemicals from entering the brain,while allowing others to enter?

The membrane of a neuron is composed of with embedded in them.

The concentration gradient for potassium tends to ____.

What do neurons have that other cells do not?

Neurons are distinguished from other cells by their shape.

The idea that a neuron's membrane is polarized refers to a difference in electrical potential between ____.

If you were to accidentally touch a hot stove with your hand,you would quickly pull your hand away.The information carried to the muscles in your arm to make them contract was carried by ____.

Small,charged molecules can cross the cell membrane through ____.

Molecules that can cross the blood-brain barrier are usually ____.

Ribosomes are the part of a cell that ____.

The insulating material that covers many vertebrate axons is called the ____.

At the resting potential,the potassium channels are completely closed and the sodium channels are almost closed.

What structure is composed of two layers of fat molecules that are free to flow around one another?

The endoplasmic reticulum is a ____.

When a neuron's membrane is at rest,the concentration gradient tends to move potassium the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it the cell.

Electrical gradients lead to the ____.

The resting potential is mainly the result of ____.

Glial cells transmit information across long distances.

When a membrane is at rest,what attracts sodium ions to the inside of the cell?