Question 1

During the relative refractory period,the ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) sodium gates are firmly closed 
B) ​sodium gates are reverting to their usual state 
C) ​sodium gates are wide open 
D) potassium gates are firmly closed 
A) sodium gates are firmly closed 
B) ​sodium gates are reverting to their usual state 
C) ​sodium gates are wide open 
D) potassium gates are firmly closed

Question 2

What happens to a virus that manages to cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain?​

Accepted Answer

A) It is quickly destroyed by natural killer cells. 
B) ​It gets trapped in a neuron, and then both are destroyed by natural killer cells. 
C) ​It gets trapped in a glial cell, and then both are destroyed by natural killer cells. 
D) It remains there and may cause negative effects several years later. 
A) It is quickly destroyed by natural killer cells. 
B) ​It gets trapped in a neuron, and then both are destroyed by natural killer cells. 
C) ​It gets trapped in a glial cell, and then both are destroyed by natural killer cells. 
D) It remains there and may cause negative effects several years later.

Question 3

When a membrane is at rest,what attracts potassium ions to the inside of the cell?​

Accepted Answer

A) an electrical gradient 
B) ​a concentration gradient 
C) ​both an electrical gradient and a concentration gradient 
D) neither an electrical gradient nor a concentration gradient 
A) an electrical gradient 
B) ​a concentration gradient 
C) ​both an electrical gradient and a concentration gradient 
D) neither an electrical gradient nor a concentration gradient

Question 4

Glial cells serve many functions.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Local anesthetic drugs attach to the sodium channels of the membrane,which ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) allows sodium ions to enter and stop action potential 
B) ​prevents potassium ions from entering and stopping action potential 
C) ​allows potassium ions to enter and stop action potential 
D) prevents sodium ions from entering and stopping action potential 
A) allows sodium ions to enter and stop action potential 
B) ​prevents potassium ions from entering and stopping action potential 
C) ​allows potassium ions to enter and stop action potential 
D) prevents sodium ions from entering and stopping action potential

Question 6

The primary feature of a neuron that prevents the action potential from traveling back from where it just passed is the ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) concentration gradient 
B) ​refractory period 
C) ​sodium potassium pump 
D) phospholipid bilayer 
A) concentration gradient 
B) ​refractory period 
C) ​sodium potassium pump 
D) phospholipid bilayer

Question 7

Glial cells whose function most closely resembles that of the immune system are called ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) oligodendrocytes 
B) ​Schwann cells 
C) ​microglia 
D) radial glia 
A) oligodendrocytes 
B) ​Schwann cells 
C) ​microglia 
D) radial glia

Question 8

Ordinarily,stimulation of a neuron takes place ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) through hyperpolarization 
B) ​at the synapse 
C) ​in the mitochondria 
D) in the endoplasmic reticulum 
A) through hyperpolarization 
B) ​at the synapse 
C) ​in the mitochondria 
D) in the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

Describe the structure of the blood-brain barrier and explain why it is important.​

Accepted Answer

Tightly joined endothelial cells form th

Question 10

A drug will prevent an action potential if it ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) lowers the threshold of the membrane 
B) ​blocks the movement of potassium across the membrane 
C) ​blocks the movement of sodium across the membrane 
D) increases the movement of sodium across the membrane 
A) lowers the threshold of the membrane 
B) ​blocks the movement of potassium across the membrane 
C) ​blocks the movement of sodium across the membrane 
D) increases the movement of sodium across the membrane

Question 11

Which type of glia remove waste material in the nervous system?​

Accepted Answer

A) astrocytes 
B) ​Schwann cells 
C) ​oligodendrocytes 
D) radial glia 
A) astrocytes 
B) ​Schwann cells 
C) ​oligodendrocytes 
D) radial glia

Question 12

When the neuronal membrane is at rest,the potassium channels ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) permit potassium ions to pass quickly and easily 
B) ​permit potassium ions to pass slowly 
C) ​prohibit any movement of potassium ions 
D) help to open up the sodium channels 
A) permit potassium ions to pass quickly and easily 
B) ​permit potassium ions to pass slowly 
C) ​prohibit any movement of potassium ions 
D) help to open up the sodium channels

Question 13

The net effect of each cycle of the sodium-potassium pump is to ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) decrease the number of positively charged ions within the cell 
B) ​increase the number of positively charged ions within the cell 
C) ​decrease the number of positively charged ions outside the cell 
D) increase the number of negatively charged ions within the cell 
A) decrease the number of positively charged ions within the cell 
B) ​increase the number of positively charged ions within the cell 
C) ​decrease the number of positively charged ions outside the cell 
D) increase the number of negatively charged ions within the cell

Question 14

Which event will increase the concentration gradient of sodium?​

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing permeability to potassium ions 
B) ​increasing activity of the sodium potassium pump 
C) ​increasing membrane permeability to sodium ions 
D) increasing membrane permeability to chloride ions 
A) decreasing permeability to potassium ions 
B) ​increasing activity of the sodium potassium pump 
C) ​increasing membrane permeability to sodium ions 
D) increasing membrane permeability to chloride ions

Question 15

Neurons receive information and transmit it to other cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What will most affect the speed of an action potential?​

Accepted Answer

A) the strength of the stimulus 
B) ​the time since the last action potential 
C) ​the length of the axon 
D) the resistance of the membrane 
A) the strength of the stimulus 
B) ​the time since the last action potential 
C) ​the length of the axon 
D) the resistance of the membrane

Question 17

The greater the surface area of a dendrite,the more information it can receive from other neurons.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What is the main source of nutrition for vertebrate neurons?​

Accepted Answer

A) fats 
B) ​glucose 
C) ​sodium 
D) complex carbohydrates 
A) fats 
B) ​glucose 
C) ​sodium 
D) complex carbohydrates

Question 19

When a neuron is at rest,what is primarily responsible for moving potassium ions into the cell?​

Accepted Answer

A) concentration gradient 
B) ​an electrical gradient 
C) ​the sodium-potassium pump 
D) both the sodium-potassium pump and electrical gradient 
A) concentration gradient 
B) ​an electrical gradient 
C) ​the sodium-potassium pump 
D) both the sodium-potassium pump and electrical gradient

Question 20

Santiago Ramon y Cajal demonstrated that ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) at rest, the neuron has a negative charge inside its membrane 
B) ​neurons are separate from one another 
C) ​neurons communicate at specialized junctions called synapses 
D) action potentials follow the all-or-none law 
A) at rest, the neuron has a negative charge inside its membrane 
B) ​neurons are separate from one another 
C) ​neurons communicate at specialized junctions called synapses 
D) action potentials follow the all-or-none law

During the relative refractory period,the ____.

What happens to a virus that manages to cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain?

When a membrane is at rest,what attracts potassium ions to the inside of the cell?

Glial cells serve many functions.

Local anesthetic drugs attach to the sodium channels of the membrane,which ____.

The primary feature of a neuron that prevents the action potential from traveling back from where it just passed is the ____.

Glial cells whose function most closely resembles that of the immune system are called ____.

Ordinarily,stimulation of a neuron takes place ____.

Describe the structure of the blood-brain barrier and explain why it is important.

A drug will prevent an action potential if it ____.

Which type of glia remove waste material in the nervous system?

When the neuronal membrane is at rest,the potassium channels ____.

The net effect of each cycle of the sodium-potassium pump is to ____.

Which event will increase the concentration gradient of sodium?

Neurons receive information and transmit it to other cells.

What will most affect the speed of an action potential?

The greater the surface area of a dendrite,the more information it can receive from other neurons.

What is the main source of nutrition for vertebrate neurons?

When a neuron is at rest,what is primarily responsible for moving potassium ions into the cell?

Santiago Ramon y Cajal demonstrated that ____.

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Exam 1: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

During the relative refractory period,the ____.​

What happens to a virus that manages to cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain?​

When a membrane is at rest,what attracts potassium ions to the inside of the cell?​

Glial cells serve many functions.​

Local anesthetic drugs attach to the sodium channels of the membrane,which ____.​

The primary feature of a neuron that prevents the action potential from traveling back from where it just passed is the ____.​

Glial cells whose function most closely resembles that of the immune system are called ____.​

Ordinarily,stimulation of a neuron takes place ____.​

Describe the structure of the blood-brain barrier and explain why it is important.​

A drug will prevent an action potential if it ____.​

Which type of glia remove waste material in the nervous system?​

When the neuronal membrane is at rest,the potassium channels ____.​

The net effect of each cycle of the sodium-potassium pump is to ____.​

Which event will increase the concentration gradient of sodium?​

Neurons receive information and transmit it to other cells.

What will most affect the speed of an action potential?​

The greater the surface area of a dendrite,the more information it can receive from other neurons.​

What is the main source of nutrition for vertebrate neurons?​

When a neuron is at rest,what is primarily responsible for moving potassium ions into the cell?​

Santiago Ramon y Cajal demonstrated that ____.​

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

During the relative refractory period,the ____.

What happens to a virus that manages to cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain?

When a membrane is at rest,what attracts potassium ions to the inside of the cell?

Glial cells serve many functions.

Local anesthetic drugs attach to the sodium channels of the membrane,which ____.

The primary feature of a neuron that prevents the action potential from traveling back from where it just passed is the ____.

Glial cells whose function most closely resembles that of the immune system are called ____.

Ordinarily,stimulation of a neuron takes place ____.

Describe the structure of the blood-brain barrier and explain why it is important.

A drug will prevent an action potential if it ____.

Which type of glia remove waste material in the nervous system?

When the neuronal membrane is at rest,the potassium channels ____.

The net effect of each cycle of the sodium-potassium pump is to ____.

Which event will increase the concentration gradient of sodium?

What will most affect the speed of an action potential?

The greater the surface area of a dendrite,the more information it can receive from other neurons.

What is the main source of nutrition for vertebrate neurons?

When a neuron is at rest,what is primarily responsible for moving potassium ions into the cell?

Santiago Ramon y Cajal demonstrated that ____.