Question 1

Which type of glia release chemicals that modify the activity of neighboring neurons?​

Accepted Answer

A) astrocytes 
B) ​Schwann cells 
C) ​oligodendrocytes 
D) radial glia 
A) astrocytes 
B) ​Schwann cells 
C) ​oligodendrocytes 
D) radial glia

Question 2

The resting potential of a neuron refers to the ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) net positive charge on the inside of the neuron 
B) ​ions which rest in one place in the cell 
C) ​movement of ions to the outside of the neuron 
D) net negative charge on the inside of the neuron 
A) net positive charge on the inside of the neuron 
B) ​ions which rest in one place in the cell 
C) ​movement of ions to the outside of the neuron 
D) net negative charge on the inside of the neuron

Question 3

The cell membrane is composed of two layers of _____.​

Accepted Answer

A) protein 
B) ​fat 
C) ​carbohydrate 
D) plasma 
A) protein 
B) ​fat 
C) ​carbohydrate 
D) plasma

Question 4

When the potential across a membrane reaches threshold,the sodium channels ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) open to let sodium enter the cell rapidly 
B) ​close to prevent sodium from entering the cell 
C) ​open to let sodium exit the cell rapidly 
D) close to prevent sodium from exiting the cell 
A) open to let sodium enter the cell rapidly 
B) ​close to prevent sodium from entering the cell 
C) ​open to let sodium exit the cell rapidly 
D) close to prevent sodium from exiting the cell

Question 5

The structure that contains a cell's chromosomes is called the ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) endoplasmic reticulum 
B) ​nucleus 
C) ​mitochondrion 
D) ribosome 
A) endoplasmic reticulum 
B) ​nucleus 
C) ​mitochondrion 
D) ribosome

Question 6

The tree-like branches of a neuron that receive information from other neurons are called _____.​

Accepted Answer

A) axons 
B) ​dendrites 
C) ​soma 
D) myelin 
A) axons 
B) ​dendrites 
C) ​soma 
D) myelin

Question 7

What action tends to open the sodium gates across a neuron's membrane?​

Accepted Answer

A) hyperpolarization of the membrane 
B) ​depolarization of the membrane 
C) ​increase in the sodium concentration outside the neuron 
D) passing the peak of the action potential and entering the refractory period 
A) hyperpolarization of the membrane 
B) ​depolarization of the membrane 
C) ​increase in the sodium concentration outside the neuron 
D) passing the peak of the action potential and entering the refractory period

Question 8

Neurons typically have one ____,but many ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) dendrite; axons 
B) ​axon; dendrites 
C) ​cell body; axons 
D) dendrite; cell bodies 
A) dendrite; axons 
B) ​axon; dendrites 
C) ​cell body; axons 
D) dendrite; cell bodies

Question 9

Chemicals are released by axons ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) into the presynaptic terminal 
B) ​into the junction between neurons 
C) ​through the efferent terminals 
D) to the mitochondria 
A) into the presynaptic terminal 
B) ​into the junction between neurons 
C) ​through the efferent terminals 
D) to the mitochondria

Question 10

Which type of glia builds myelin sheaths around axons in the periphery of the body?​

Accepted Answer

A) astrocytes 
B) ​Schwann cells 
C) ​oligodendrocytes 
D) radial glia 
A) astrocytes 
B) ​Schwann cells 
C) ​oligodendrocytes 
D) radial glia

Question 11

Both dendrites and cell bodies are capable of producing action potentials.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is an advantage of having a resting potential?​

Accepted Answer

A) The toxic effects of sodium are minimized inside the cell. 
B) ​No energy is required to maintain it. 
C) ​The cell is prepared to respond quickly to a stimulus. 
D) All of the ions are maintained in equal concentrations throughout the cytoplasm. 
A) The toxic effects of sodium are minimized inside the cell. 
B) ​No energy is required to maintain it. 
C) ​The cell is prepared to respond quickly to a stimulus. 
D) All of the ions are maintained in equal concentrations throughout the cytoplasm.

Question 13

Provide a summary of the all-or-none law of action potentials.​

Accepted Answer

Once a neuron reaches the threshold of a

Question 14

The concentration gradient refers to the ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) fact that the concentration of ions is greater on the inside of a neuron 
B) ​fact that the concentration of ions is greater on the outside of a neuron 
C) ​difference in distribution for various ions between the inside and outside of the membrane 
D) negatively charged proteins inside the cell 
A) fact that the concentration of ions is greater on the inside of a neuron 
B) ​fact that the concentration of ions is greater on the outside of a neuron 
C) ​difference in distribution for various ions between the inside and outside of the membrane 
D) negatively charged proteins inside the cell

Question 15

After the peak of an action potential,what prevents sodium ions from continuing to enter the cell?​

Accepted Answer

A) There is no longer a concentration gradient for sodium. 
B) ​The sodium-potassium pump greatly increases its rate of activity. 
C) ​All the available sodium ions have already entered the cell. 
D) The sodium gates in the membrane close. 
A) There is no longer a concentration gradient for sodium. 
B) ​The sodium-potassium pump greatly increases its rate of activity. 
C) ​All the available sodium ions have already entered the cell. 
D) The sodium gates in the membrane close.

Question 16

The major disadvantage of a blood-brain barrier is that ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) many chemicals can easily diffuse into the brain 
B) ​so much glucose is required to maintain it 
C) ​certain required chemicals must be actively transported 
D) viruses cannot escape 
A) many chemicals can easily diffuse into the brain 
B) ​so much glucose is required to maintain it 
C) ​certain required chemicals must be actively transported 
D) viruses cannot escape

Question 17

What is the approximate resting potential of the inside of a neuron's membrane,relative to the outside?​

Accepted Answer

A) -70 millivolts 
B) ​+10 millivolts 
C) ​0 millivolts 
D) +90 millivolts 
A) -70 millivolts 
B) ​+10 millivolts 
C) ​0 millivolts 
D) +90 millivolts

Question 18

The surface of a dendrite is lined with specialized junctions through which the dendrite receives information from other neurons.What are these junctions called?​

Accepted Answer

A) synaptic receptors 
B) ​axons 
C) ​synaptic hillocks 
D) glia 
A) synaptic receptors 
B) ​axons 
C) ​synaptic hillocks 
D) glia

Question 19

A membrane produces an action potential whenever the potential across it reaches what level?​

Accepted Answer

A) the resting potential 
B) ​-90 mV 
C) ​the threshold of excitation 
D) the refractory period 
A) the resting potential 
B) ​-90 mV 
C) ​the threshold of excitation 
D) the refractory period

Question 20

Describe how the brain transports essential chemicals.​

Accepted Answer

The brain has several transport mechanis

Which type of glia release chemicals that modify the activity of neighboring neurons?

The resting potential of a neuron refers to the ____.

The cell membrane is composed of two layers of _____.

When the potential across a membrane reaches threshold,the sodium channels ____.

The structure that contains a cell's chromosomes is called the ____.

The tree-like branches of a neuron that receive information from other neurons are called _____.

What action tends to open the sodium gates across a neuron's membrane?

Neurons typically have one ,but many .

Chemicals are released by axons ____.

Which type of glia builds myelin sheaths around axons in the periphery of the body?

Both dendrites and cell bodies are capable of producing action potentials.

Which of the following is an advantage of having a resting potential?

Provide a summary of the all-or-none law of action potentials.

The concentration gradient refers to the ____.

After the peak of an action potential,what prevents sodium ions from continuing to enter the cell?

The major disadvantage of a blood-brain barrier is that ____.

What is the approximate resting potential of the inside of a neuron's membrane,relative to the outside?

The surface of a dendrite is lined with specialized junctions through which the dendrite receives information from other neurons.What are these junctions called?

A membrane produces an action potential whenever the potential across it reaches what level?

Describe how the brain transports essential chemicals.

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Exam 1: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses