Question 1

What leads to Korsakoff's syndrome?​

Accepted Answer

A) thiamine deficiency due to chronic alcoholism 
B) ​glucose deficiency due to chronic alcoholism 
C) ​viruses that manage to cross the blood-brain barrier 
D) glial cells that over-reproduce and increase pressure in the brain 
A) thiamine deficiency due to chronic alcoholism 
B) ​glucose deficiency due to chronic alcoholism 
C) ​viruses that manage to cross the blood-brain barrier 
D) glial cells that over-reproduce and increase pressure in the brain

Question 2

In the normal course of an action potential,____.​

Accepted Answer

A) sodium channel remain open for long periods of time 
B) ​the concentration of sodium equalizes across the membrane 
C) ​sodium remains much more concentrated outside than inside the neuron 
D) subthreshold stimulation intensifies the action potential 
A) sodium channel remain open for long periods of time 
B) ​the concentration of sodium equalizes across the membrane 
C) ​sodium remains much more concentrated outside than inside the neuron 
D) subthreshold stimulation intensifies the action potential

Question 3

What type of neuron in the pons receives information only from other cells in the pons and sends information only to other cells in the pons?​

Accepted Answer

A) afferent 
B) ​efferent 
C) ​intrinsic 
D) inter-synaptic 
A) afferent 
B) ​efferent 
C) ​intrinsic 
D) inter-synaptic

Question 4

____ in the brain and spinal cord and ____ in the periphery are specialized types of glia that build the myelin sheaths that surround neurons.​

Accepted Answer

A) Oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells 
B) ​Schwann cells; oligodendrocytes 
C) ​Microglia; oligodendrocytes 
D) Radial glia; Schwann cells 
A) Oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells 
B) ​Schwann cells; oligodendrocytes 
C) ​Microglia; oligodendrocytes 
D) Radial glia; Schwann cells

Question 5

What type of glial cells myelinate axons in the brain and spinal cord?​

Accepted Answer

A) oligodendrocytes 
B) ​Schwann cells 
C) ​radial glia 
D) astrocytes 
A) oligodendrocytes 
B) ​Schwann cells 
C) ​radial glia 
D) astrocytes

Question 6

What term describes the difference in voltage that typically exists between the inside and the outside of a neuron?​

Accepted Answer

A) concentration gradient 
B) ​generator potential 
C) ​resting potential 
D) shock gradient 
A) concentration gradient 
B) ​generator potential 
C) ​resting potential 
D) shock gradient

Question 7

Which action will produce a hyperpolarization of a neuron?​

Accepted Answer

A) applying a negative charge inside the neuron with a microelectrode 
B) ​applying a positive charge inside the neuron with a microelectrode 
C) ​increasing the membrane's permeability to sodium 
D) decreasing the membrane's permeability to potassium 
A) applying a negative charge inside the neuron with a microelectrode 
B) ​applying a positive charge inside the neuron with a microelectrode 
C) ​increasing the membrane's permeability to sodium 
D) decreasing the membrane's permeability to potassium

Question 8

Which action would depolarize a neuron?​

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing membrane permeability to calcium 
B) ​increasing membrane permeability to potassium 
C) ​decreasing membrane permeability to sodium 
D) increasing membrane permeability to sodium 
A) decreasing membrane permeability to calcium 
B) ​increasing membrane permeability to potassium 
C) ​decreasing membrane permeability to sodium 
D) increasing membrane permeability to sodium

Question 9

If all of a neuron's dendrites or axons were contained within the spinal cord,it would be considered a(n)____ neuron.​

Accepted Answer

A) efferent 
B) ​afferent 
C) ​intrinsic 
D) Purkinje 
A) efferent 
B) ​afferent 
C) ​intrinsic 
D) Purkinje

Question 10

When a neuron's membrane is at rest,the concentration gradient tends to move sodium ____ the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it ____ the cell.​

Accepted Answer

A) into; into 
B) ​into; out of 
C) ​out of; into 
D) out of; out of 
A) into; into 
B) ​into; out of 
C) ​out of; into 
D) out of; out of

Question 11

​The difference in voltage in a resting neuron is called the resting potential.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Dendrites contain the nuclei,ribosomes,mitochondria,and other structures found in most cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Water,oxygen,and ____ most freely flow across a cell membrane.​

Accepted Answer

A) calcium 
B) ​positively charged ions 
C) ​magnesium 
D) carbon dioxide 
A) calcium 
B) ​positively charged ions 
C) ​magnesium 
D) carbon dioxide

Question 14

As a general rule,axons convey information ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) toward dendrites of their own cell 
B) ​toward their own cell body 
C) ​away from their own cell body 
D) to surrounding glia 
A) toward dendrites of their own cell 
B) ​toward their own cell body 
C) ​away from their own cell body 
D) to surrounding glia

Question 15

An axon has many branches,each of which swells at its tip.These are known as ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) presynaptic terminals 
B) ​efferent axons 
C) ​afferent axons 
D) intrinsic neurons 
A) presynaptic terminals 
B) ​efferent axons 
C) ​afferent axons 
D) intrinsic neurons

Question 16

Korsakoff's syndrome ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) is marked by severe memory impairments 
B) ​results from too much thiamine 
C) ​results from lack of oxygen to the brain 
D) is due to a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier 
A) is marked by severe memory impairments 
B) ​results from too much thiamine 
C) ​results from lack of oxygen to the brain 
D) is due to a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier

Question 17

Why do neurons rely so heavily on glucose as their source of nutrition?​

Accepted Answer

A) Neurons lack the enzymes necessary to metabolize other fuels. 
B) ​Glucose is the only fuel that can be used even in the absence of vitamins. 
C) ​Glucose is not used extensively by other parts of the body. 
D) Other fuels do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier. 
A) Neurons lack the enzymes necessary to metabolize other fuels. 
B) ​Glucose is the only fuel that can be used even in the absence of vitamins. 
C) ​Glucose is not used extensively by other parts of the body. 
D) Other fuels do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier.

Question 18

When the neuron is at rest,what is primarily responsible for moving potassium ions OUT of the cell?​

Accepted Answer

A) a concentration gradient 
B) ​an electrical gradient 
C) ​both a concentration gradient and an electrical gradient 
D) the sodium-potassium pump 
A) a concentration gradient 
B) ​an electrical gradient 
C) ​both a concentration gradient and an electrical gradient 
D) the sodium-potassium pump

Question 19

The two basic kinds of cells in the nervous system are _____.​

Accepted Answer

A) neurons and glia 
B) ​dendrites and axons 
C) ​ribosomes and lysosomes 
D) neurons and axons 
A) neurons and glia 
B) ​dendrites and axons 
C) ​ribosomes and lysosomes 
D) neurons and axons

Question 20

What causes potassium ions to leave the axon just after the peak of the action potential?​

Accepted Answer

A) a continuing concentration gradient and the opening of the potassium gates 
B) ​an increase in the concentration gradient across the membrane 
C) ​an increased tendency of the sodium-potassium pump to push potassium out 
D) binding of potassium ions to proteins that leave at this time 
A) a continuing concentration gradient and the opening of the potassium gates 
B) ​an increase in the concentration gradient across the membrane 
C) ​an increased tendency of the sodium-potassium pump to push potassium out 
D) binding of potassium ions to proteins that leave at this time

What leads to Korsakoff's syndrome?

In the normal course of an action potential,____.

What type of neuron in the pons receives information only from other cells in the pons and sends information only to other cells in the pons?

in the brain and spinal cord and in the periphery are specialized types of glia that build the myelin sheaths that surround neurons.

What type of glial cells myelinate axons in the brain and spinal cord?

What term describes the difference in voltage that typically exists between the inside and the outside of a neuron?

Which action will produce a hyperpolarization of a neuron?

Which action would depolarize a neuron?

If all of a neuron's dendrites or axons were contained within the spinal cord,it would be considered a(n)____ neuron.

When a neuron's membrane is at rest,the concentration gradient tends to move sodium the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it the cell.

The difference in voltage in a resting neuron is called the resting potential.

Dendrites contain the nuclei,ribosomes,mitochondria,and other structures found in most cells.

Water,oxygen,and ____ most freely flow across a cell membrane.

As a general rule,axons convey information ____.

An axon has many branches,each of which swells at its tip.These are known as ____.

Korsakoff's syndrome ____.

Why do neurons rely so heavily on glucose as their source of nutrition?

When the neuron is at rest,what is primarily responsible for moving potassium ions OUT of the cell?

The two basic kinds of cells in the nervous system are _____.

What causes potassium ions to leave the axon just after the peak of the action potential?

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Exam 1: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

What leads to Korsakoff's syndrome?​

In the normal course of an action potential,____.​

What type of neuron in the pons receives information only from other cells in the pons and sends information only to other cells in the pons?​

____ in the brain and spinal cord and ____ in the periphery are specialized types of glia that build the myelin sheaths that surround neurons.​

What type of glial cells myelinate axons in the brain and spinal cord?​

What term describes the difference in voltage that typically exists between the inside and the outside of a neuron?​

Which action will produce a hyperpolarization of a neuron?​

Which action would depolarize a neuron?​

If all of a neuron's dendrites or axons were contained within the spinal cord,it would be considered a(n)____ neuron.​

When a neuron's membrane is at rest,the concentration gradient tends to move sodium ____ the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it ____ the cell.​

​The difference in voltage in a resting neuron is called the resting potential.

Dendrites contain the nuclei,ribosomes,mitochondria,and other structures found in most cells.

Water,oxygen,and ____ most freely flow across a cell membrane.​

As a general rule,axons convey information ____.​

An axon has many branches,each of which swells at its tip.These are known as ____.​

Korsakoff's syndrome ____.​

Why do neurons rely so heavily on glucose as their source of nutrition?​

When the neuron is at rest,what is primarily responsible for moving potassium ions OUT of the cell?​

The two basic kinds of cells in the nervous system are _____.​

What causes potassium ions to leave the axon just after the peak of the action potential?​

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

What leads to Korsakoff's syndrome?

In the normal course of an action potential,____.

What type of neuron in the pons receives information only from other cells in the pons and sends information only to other cells in the pons?

in the brain and spinal cord and in the periphery are specialized types of glia that build the myelin sheaths that surround neurons.

What type of glial cells myelinate axons in the brain and spinal cord?

What term describes the difference in voltage that typically exists between the inside and the outside of a neuron?

Which action will produce a hyperpolarization of a neuron?

Which action would depolarize a neuron?

If all of a neuron's dendrites or axons were contained within the spinal cord,it would be considered a(n)____ neuron.

When a neuron's membrane is at rest,the concentration gradient tends to move sodium the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it the cell.

The difference in voltage in a resting neuron is called the resting potential.

Water,oxygen,and ____ most freely flow across a cell membrane.

As a general rule,axons convey information ____.

An axon has many branches,each of which swells at its tip.These are known as ____.

Korsakoff's syndrome ____.

Why do neurons rely so heavily on glucose as their source of nutrition?

When the neuron is at rest,what is primarily responsible for moving potassium ions OUT of the cell?

The two basic kinds of cells in the nervous system are _____.

What causes potassium ions to leave the axon just after the peak of the action potential?