Exam 4: Causal Designs and Marketing Experiments

When comparing laboratory experiments with field experiments,field experiments offer an advantage over laboratory experiments in terms of

A single group of test units is first exposed to a treatment,and then a measurement is taken on the dependent variables.Which experimental design is this?

The interactive testing effect cannot occur with the post-test-only control group experimental design,because

What elements are in an experimental design?

All of the following are pre-experimental designs except

A time-series experiment undertakes periodic measurement on dependent variables for test units.The treatment is then introduced,or occurs naturally,and the periodic measurements continue on the same test units to monitor the effects of the treatment.

The _______________ effect refers to the occurrence of specific events that are external to the experiment but that take place at the same time as the experiment.

_______________ is the basic minimum _______________ that must be present in an experiment before any conclusion about treatment effects can be made.

The question of whether the observed effects on the test units could have been caused by variables other than the treatment refers to:

The common sense notion talks of proving that X causes Y; the scientific notion holds that we can only infer causality without proving it.

_______________ refers to the assigning of test units to treatment groups in such as way that the groups differ on the dependent variable before the presentation of the treatments.

Discuss the steps in properly conducting an experiment.

Getting older,growing hungrier,and developing fatigue are examples of _______________ effects,which is changes in the experimental units themselves that occur with the passage of time.

In true and quasi-experiments,treatments need to form

An experimental design involves the specification of treatments to be manipulated,test units to be used,and independent variables to be measured.

The _______________ pre-experimental design uses two treatment groups,one that has been exposed to the treatment and one that has not.

The _______________ is useful when the researcher is investigating the effect of one independent variable.

In the _______________ quasi-experimental design,both the experimental group and the control group are given pre-test and post-test measurement,but the two groups do not have pre-experimental test unit selection equivalence,i.e.the control group cannot be considered equivalent to the test group.

The biggest problem with the equivalent time-sample quasi-experimental design is the possibility of the _______________ effect.

Extraneous variables need to be controlled to ensure that the experiment is externally valid.