Question 1

The kingdom Bacteria consists of the same species as the domain Bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

A set of shared derived features

Accepted Answer

A) will be unique to each Linnaean taxon. 
B) marks a group of species as a set of close relatives. 
C) most often indicates convergences. 
D) can be found only in humans. 
A) will be unique to each Linnaean taxon. 
B) marks a group of species as a set of close relatives. 
C) most often indicates convergences. 
D) can be found only in humans. B

Question 3

What best explains why bacteria can reproduce so much more rapidly than an organism like a mushroom?

Accepted Answer

A) Mushrooms reproduce using spores that require a lengthy exposure to the environment before the outer coating can break open. 
B) Bacteria live in extreme environments and can avoid having to wait for more favorable conditions to reproduce, like mushrooms and other plants. 
C) Because most disease-causing bacteria are avoided by consumers, whereas organisms like mushrooms are quickly eaten, preventing rapid population growth. 
D) Mushrooms reproduce sexually, so the proper mating types must contact one another before reproduction can proceed. 
A) Mushrooms reproduce using spores that require a lengthy exposure to the environment before the outer coating can break open. 
B) Bacteria live in extreme environments and can avoid having to wait for more favorable conditions to reproduce, like mushrooms and other plants. 
C) Because most disease-causing bacteria are avoided by consumers, whereas organisms like mushrooms are quickly eaten, preventing rapid population growth. 
D) Mushrooms reproduce sexually, so the proper mating types must contact one another before reproduction can proceed. D

Question 4

The structure labeled A, below, is cilia, used by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes to move through fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The diagram below is an evolutionary tree showing the relationship between the three domains. Which letter represents the most recent common ancestor of the Archaea and Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 6

Carbon and energy are among the most basic life resources and organisms that have been classified with respect to how they are obtained. What term describes an organism that obtains these substances from rock?

Accepted Answer

A) chemoheterotroph 
B) photoautotroph 
C) photoheterotroph 
D) chemoautotroph 
A) chemoheterotroph 
B) photoautotroph 
C) photoheterotroph 
D) chemoautotroph

Question 7

Which of the following would you most likely find surviving in a boiling-hot spring?

Accepted Answer

A) an archaean 
B) bacteria 
C) a eukaryote 
D) none of the above 
A) an archaean 
B) bacteria 
C) a eukaryote 
D) none of the above

Question 8

The father of modern scientific naming is ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The father of modern scientific naming is...

Question 9

Which of the following is not one of the three primary methods used to classify organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) the Linnaean hierarchy 
B) the Darwinian hierarchy 
C) domains 
D) an evolutionary tree 
A) the Linnaean hierarchy 
B) the Darwinian hierarchy 
C) domains 
D) an evolutionary tree

Question 10

Dental hygienists carefully remove plaque, an aggregate of prokaryotic cells organized as a ____________________, from the surface of the teeth of their patients.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dental hygienists carefully remove plaque, an aggregate...

Question 11

Aerobic organisms can survive without oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A distinguishing difference between bacteria and archaeans is

Accepted Answer

A) that bacteria are prokaryotic and archaeans are eukaryotic. 
B) the molecules used to construct their cell walls. 
C) the presence of membrane-bound organelles, which are observed only in bacteria. 
D) the greater size of the bacterial nucleus. 
A) that bacteria are prokaryotic and archaeans are eukaryotic. 
B) the molecules used to construct their cell walls. 
C) the presence of membrane-bound organelles, which are observed only in bacteria. 
D) the greater size of the bacterial nucleus.

Question 13

The following numbered sets of characters each represent a distinct group of organisms:
1. three toes per foot, feathers, cold-blooded, no finger adaptations 
2. three toes per foot, body hair, warm-blooded, opposable thumbs
3. three toes per foot, feathers, warm-blooded, no finger adaptations
4. three toes per foot, body hair, warm-blooded, no finger adaptations
Which of the following choices is the most likely to represent the order in which these groups would appear on an evolutionary tree, from oldest to youngest group? (Hint: the more primitive characters are cold-bloodedness, feathers, and no finger adaptations.)"

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, 3, 4 
B) 4, 2, 3, 1 
C) 1, 3, 4, 2 
D) 2, 1, 4, 3 
A) 1, 2, 3, 4 
B) 4, 2, 3, 1 
C) 1, 3, 4, 2 
D) 2, 1, 4, 3

Question 14

The rate of evolution in prokaryotes may be accelerated by lateral gene transfer; a process that appears to move genes from one branch of an evolutionary tree to another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Viruses may rapidly evolve resistance to vaccines and medications by modifying their DNA; what mechanism(s)do they use?

Accepted Answer

A) Dying viruses burst open, and another virus can take up the released DNA. 
B) Adjacent viruses form a conjugation tube and exchange DNA laterally. 
C) Viral DNA replication is sloppy; random DNA variations often result in viral proteins that reduce the effectiveness of current treatments. 
D) All of the above commonly occur in viruses. 
A) Dying viruses burst open, and another virus can take up the released DNA. 
B) Adjacent viruses form a conjugation tube and exchange DNA laterally. 
C) Viral DNA replication is sloppy; random DNA variations often result in viral proteins that reduce the effectiveness of current treatments. 
D) All of the above commonly occur in viruses.

Question 16

Examine the evolutionary tree pictured below.  
In this evolutionary tree, which groups of organisms are likely to share the most behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A) 5 and 4 
B) 5 and 3 
C) 5 and 2 
D) 5 and 1 
A) 5 and 4 
B) 5 and 3 
C) 5 and 2 
D) 5 and 1

Question 17

At the base of the evolutionary tree of all life is the

Accepted Answer

A) universal ancestor. 
B) convergent ancestor. 
C) derived ancestor. 
D) descended ancestor. 
A) universal ancestor. 
B) convergent ancestor. 
C) derived ancestor. 
D) descended ancestor.

Question 18

Evolutionary trees have been successfully used to

Accepted Answer

A) identify which multicellular species are most closely related to humans. 
B) explain how evolution works. 
C) explain why most carnivorous mammals have four or five toes. 
D) explain the potential impact of global climate change. 
A) identify which multicellular species are most closely related to humans. 
B) explain how evolution works. 
C) explain why most carnivorous mammals have four or five toes. 
D) explain the potential impact of global climate change.

Question 19

DNA analysis has become a useful tool for understanding the relationships between organisms because

Accepted Answer

A) shared characteristics are usually the products of shared genes. 
B) DNA is used by all organisms to collect energy. 
C) only mammals have DNA. 
D) knowing the DNA codes means biologists no longer have to use taxonomy. 
A) shared characteristics are usually the products of shared genes. 
B) DNA is used by all organisms to collect energy. 
C) only mammals have DNA. 
D) knowing the DNA codes means biologists no longer have to use taxonomy.

Question 20

The level in the Linnaean hierarchy immediately above the class is the

Accepted Answer

A) phylum. 
B) genus. 
C) kingdom. 
D) order. 
A) phylum. 
B) genus. 
C) kingdom. 
D) order.

Exam 2: Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

The kingdom Bacteria consists of the same species as the domain Bacteria.

A set of shared derived features

What best explains why bacteria can reproduce so much more rapidly than an organism like a mushroom?

The structure labeled A, below, is cilia, used by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes to move through fluid.

The diagram below is an evolutionary tree showing the relationship between the three domains. Which letter represents the most recent common ancestor of the Archaea and Eukarya?

Carbon and energy are among the most basic life resources and organisms that have been classified with respect to how they are obtained. What term describes an organism that obtains these substances from rock?

Which of the following would you most likely find surviving in a boiling-hot spring?

The father of modern scientific naming is ____________________.

Which of the following is not one of the three primary methods used to classify organisms?

Dental hygienists carefully remove plaque, an aggregate of prokaryotic cells organized as a ____________________, from the surface of the teeth of their patients.

Aerobic organisms can survive without oxygen.

A distinguishing difference between bacteria and archaeans is

The rate of evolution in prokaryotes may be accelerated by lateral gene transfer; a process that appears to move genes from one branch of an evolutionary tree to another.

Viruses may rapidly evolve resistance to vaccines and medications by modifying their DNA; what mechanism(s)do they use?

Examine the evolutionary tree pictured below. In this evolutionary tree, which groups of organisms are likely to share the most behaviors?

At the base of the evolutionary tree of all life is the

Evolutionary trees have been successfully used to

DNA analysis has become a useful tool for understanding the relationships between organisms because

The level in the Linnaean hierarchy immediately above the class is the

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Stem Cells, Cancer, and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

Dna and Genes

From Gene to Protein

Dna Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Speciation and the Origins of Biological Diversity

The Evolutionary History of Life

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems

Global Change

Internal Organization and Homeostasis

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Animal Hormones

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses Against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

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