Question 1

The energy input needed to start a chemical reaction is the ____________________ energy.

Accepted Answer

activation

Question 2

Living systems must work to remain ordered. They pass off their disorder in the form of

Accepted Answer

A) light. 
B) sound. 
C) heat. 
D) water. 
A) light. 
B) sound. 
C) heat. 
D) water. C

Question 3

The energy required for life processes must be extracted from an organism's

Accepted Answer

A) nucleus. 
B) environment. 
C) predators. 
D) biosynthesis. 
A) nucleus. 
B) environment. 
C) predators. 
D) biosynthesis. B

Question 4

Enzymes catalyze only anabolic chemical reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

____________________ are the organelles where the breakdown products of food are oxidized, thereby generating most of a cell's ATP.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ are the organelles where the breakdown...

Question 6

Catabolic reactions are tightly coupled to ____________________ reactions that require energy.

Accepted Answer

biosynthet

Question 7

All of the chemical energy in ATP is used during a chemical reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Imagine a system consisting of a mousetrap with the arm set and latched and with the level of potential energy high. This potential energy was added to the mousetrap

Accepted Answer

A) when it was first constructed. 
B) as kinetic energy when the spring arm was pulled back and latched. 
C) when the latch was released and the arm sprang forward. 
D) when the various materials used to construct the mousetrap were selected. 
A) when it was first constructed. 
B) as kinetic energy when the spring arm was pulled back and latched. 
C) when the latch was released and the arm sprang forward. 
D) when the various materials used to construct the mousetrap were selected.

Question 9

Which of the following strategies is not used by cells to help enzymes and substrates find each other?

Accepted Answer

A) locating enzymes used in the same biochemical pathway near each other in the cytoplasm 
B) having certain reactions occur within a specific organelle 
C) embedding more enzymes in the plasma membrane 
D) producing heat to increase the frequency of molecular collisions 
A) locating enzymes used in the same biochemical pathway near each other in the cytoplasm 
B) having certain reactions occur within a specific organelle 
C) embedding more enzymes in the plasma membrane 
D) producing heat to increase the frequency of molecular collisions

Question 10

Imagine a chemical reaction during which a solution turns from red to green very slowly. If a small piece of platinum is placed in the solution, the change occurs much more rapidly, yet the platinum remains unchanged. Which of the following best explains this experimental result?

Accepted Answer

A) The platinum provided activation energy. 
B) The platinum is an enzyme. 
C) The platinum is a catalyst. 
D) The platinum is an oxidizing agent. 
A) The platinum provided activation energy. 
B) The platinum is an enzyme. 
C) The platinum is a catalyst. 
D) The platinum is an oxidizing agent.

Question 11

Recent studies on weight loss have shown that without a rigorous training regimen exercising muscle will preferentially burn carbohydrates rather than fat, providing support for the observation that exercise alone is ineffective in promoting weight loss.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A spherical rock rests at the top of a steep hill. The rock has

Accepted Answer

A) potential energy. 
B) chemical energy. 
C) kinetic energy. 
D) no energy. 
A) potential energy. 
B) chemical energy. 
C) kinetic energy. 
D) no energy.

Question 13

The graph below depicts the amount of energy involved over the course of a chemical reaction.  
The graph indicates that

Accepted Answer

A) the products of this reaction have more energy than the substrates. 
B) this reaction requires an input of energy to convert glucose and O₂ to H₂O and CO₂. 
C) this reaction can only run in one direction (from left to right on the graph). 
D) this reaction occurs only in the presence of an enzyme. 
A) the products of this reaction have more energy than the substrates. 
B) this reaction requires an input of energy to convert glucose and O₂ to H₂O and CO₂. 
C) this reaction can only run in one direction (from left to right on the graph). 
D) this reaction occurs only in the presence of an enzyme.

Question 14

A decrease in potential energy between reactants and products is typical for what type of chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) anabolic reactions 
B) catabolic reactions 
C) the formation of peptide bonds 
D) those occurring without the aid of an enzyme 
A) anabolic reactions 
B) catabolic reactions 
C) the formation of peptide bonds 
D) those occurring without the aid of an enzyme

Question 15

The image below diagrams the action of an enzyme.  
Notice that the enzyme is depicted as being more tightly wrapped around the substrates in step 2 than it is in step 1. Why is this?

Accepted Answer

A) When a substrate locks into the active site of an enzyme, the enzyme changes shape to mold itself around the substrates. 
B) Generally, the size of a substrate is larger than the size of the active site into which it must fit. When the substrate enters the active site, the active site must stretch to fit. 
C) Before catalysis can occur, a substrate must change its shape so that it fits into the active site of the enzyme more precisely. 
D) Most active sites are only designed to hold one substrate. In this image, two substrates enter the active site, creating a tighter fit. 
A) When a substrate locks into the active site of an enzyme, the enzyme changes shape to mold itself around the substrates. 
B) Generally, the size of a substrate is larger than the size of the active site into which it must fit. When the substrate enters the active site, the active site must stretch to fit. 
C) Before catalysis can occur, a substrate must change its shape so that it fits into the active site of the enzyme more precisely. 
D) Most active sites are only designed to hold one substrate. In this image, two substrates enter the active site, creating a tighter fit.

Question 16

In photosynthesis, the carbon used to make sugars is

Accepted Answer

A) provided by enzymes. 
B) provided by carbon dioxide. 
C) extracted from DNA. 
D) oxidized to make sugars. 
A) provided by enzymes. 
B) provided by carbon dioxide. 
C) extracted from DNA. 
D) oxidized to make sugars.

Question 17

Consider the change in the status of the polymer in the living cell and the dead cell. What real-life process does the illustration below represent?

Accepted Answer

A) The conversion of living tissue to rock during fossilization. 
B) The decomposition of a fallen tree trunk on the forest floor. 
C) The conversion of the wax in a burning candle to carbon dioxide and water. 
D) all of the above 
A) The conversion of living tissue to rock during fossilization. 
B) The decomposition of a fallen tree trunk on the forest floor. 
C) The conversion of the wax in a burning candle to carbon dioxide and water. 
D) all of the above

Question 18

The application of modern biological research methods have shown that the most successful strategy for permanent weight loss almost always involves

Accepted Answer

A) simply eating less and exercising more. 
B) consuming BMR activators (supplements that elevate the basal metabolic rate) like caffeine. 
C) body composition changes, particularly changing connective tissue to muscle. 
D) altering the body surface area to volume ratio. 
A) simply eating less and exercising more. 
B) consuming BMR activators (supplements that elevate the basal metabolic rate) like caffeine. 
C) body composition changes, particularly changing connective tissue to muscle. 
D) altering the body surface area to volume ratio.

Question 19

What do catalysts and enzymes have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) They decrease the number of collisions between substrate molecules. 
B) They increase the amount of activation energy required. 
C) They increase the amount of substrate that is available. 
D) They decrease the amount of activation energy required. 
A) They decrease the number of collisions between substrate molecules. 
B) They increase the amount of activation energy required. 
C) They increase the amount of substrate that is available. 
D) They decrease the amount of activation energy required.

Question 20

The metabolism of living organisms consists of a series of catabolic and anabolic reactions; the latter are very carefully controlled, allowing the organism to

Accepted Answer

A) minimize the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 
B) assess its metabolic state and respond appropriately. 
C) avoid consuming its food resources too quickly. 
D) capture as much of the released energy as possible. 
A) minimize the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 
B) assess its metabolic state and respond appropriately. 
C) avoid consuming its food resources too quickly. 
D) capture as much of the released energy as possible.

Exam 8: Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

The energy input needed to start a chemical reaction is the ____________________ energy.

Living systems must work to remain ordered. They pass off their disorder in the form of

The energy required for life processes must be extracted from an organism's

Enzymes catalyze only anabolic chemical reactions.

____________________ are the organelles where the breakdown products of food are oxidized, thereby generating most of a cell's ATP.

Catabolic reactions are tightly coupled to ____________________ reactions that require energy.

All of the chemical energy in ATP is used during a chemical reaction.

Imagine a system consisting of a mousetrap with the arm set and latched and with the level of potential energy high. This potential energy was added to the mousetrap

Which of the following strategies is not used by cells to help enzymes and substrates find each other?

Imagine a chemical reaction during which a solution turns from red to green very slowly. If a small piece of platinum is placed in the solution, the change occurs much more rapidly, yet the platinum remains unchanged. Which of the following best explains this experimental result?

Recent studies on weight loss have shown that without a rigorous training regimen exercising muscle will preferentially burn carbohydrates rather than fat, providing support for the observation that exercise alone is ineffective in promoting weight loss.

A spherical rock rests at the top of a steep hill. The rock has

The graph below depicts the amount of energy involved over the course of a chemical reaction. The graph indicates that

A decrease in potential energy between reactants and products is typical for what type of chemical reaction?

The image below diagrams the action of an enzyme. Notice that the enzyme is depicted as being more tightly wrapped around the substrates in step 2 than it is in step 1. Why is this?

In photosynthesis, the carbon used to make sugars is

Consider the change in the status of the polymer in the living cell and the dead cell. What real-life process does the illustration below represent?

The application of modern biological research methods have shown that the most successful strategy for permanent weight loss almost always involves

What do catalysts and enzymes have in common?

The metabolism of living organisms consists of a series of catabolic and anabolic reactions; the latter are very carefully controlled, allowing the organism to

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Stem Cells, Cancer, and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

Dna and Genes

From Gene to Protein

Dna Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Speciation and the Origins of Biological Diversity

The Evolutionary History of Life

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems

Global Change

Internal Organization and Homeostasis

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Animal Hormones

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses Against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

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