Question 1

When cells are stimulated to divide,

Accepted Answer

A) proto-oncogenes are inactivated. 
B) tumor suppressors are activated. 
C) tumor suppressors are inactivated. 
D) oncogenes become proto-oncogenes. 
A) proto-oncogenes are inactivated. 
B) tumor suppressors are activated. 
C) tumor suppressors are inactivated. 
D) oncogenes become proto-oncogenes. C

Question 2

Proto-oncogenes, which produce many of the proteins used in a signal cascade, are found

Accepted Answer

A) only in Golgi bodies. 
B) only on the cell's surface. 
C) only in the cell's nucleus. 
D) throughout the cell. 
A) only in Golgi bodies. 
B) only on the cell's surface. 
C) only in the cell's nucleus. 
D) throughout the cell. C

Question 3

The capacity of embryonic stem cells and HeLa cells to divide repeatedly suggests that they share one or more common features, the most important is probably the ability to synthesize ____________________ and repair their chromosomes after each round of cell division.

Accepted Answer

telomerase

Question 4

HeLa cells display a variety of abnormalities. Which is most associated with their ability to divide repeatedly?

Accepted Answer

A) The cell line shows evidence of having been infected with HPV (human papillomavirus). 
B) HeLa cells express the telomerase gene and are able to reconstruct the ends of their chromosomes after each round of cell division. 
C) The cell line is quadraploid (having four sets of chromosomes) rather than diploid (having two sets of chromosomes) like all normal somatic cells. 
D) The HeLa cell line was exposed to cosmic radiation prior to developing its unusual reproductive capabilities. 
A) The cell line shows evidence of having been infected with HPV (human papillomavirus). 
B) HeLa cells express the telomerase gene and are able to reconstruct the ends of their chromosomes after each round of cell division. 
C) The cell line is quadraploid (having four sets of chromosomes) rather than diploid (having two sets of chromosomes) like all normal somatic cells. 
D) The HeLa cell line was exposed to cosmic radiation prior to developing its unusual reproductive capabilities.

Question 5

The mesoderm, or middle tissue layer, of a mammal embryo can generate bone, cartilage, blood, and other connective tissues through the process of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

cell diffe

Question 6

A physical, chemical, or biological agent that causes cancer is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) virus. 
B) carcinogen. 
C) oncogene. 
D) regulatory protein. 
A) virus. 
B) carcinogen. 
C) oncogene. 
D) regulatory protein.

Question 7

Tissue containing totipotent embryonic stem cells is difficult to obtain; what is the usual source?

Accepted Answer

A) tissues from spontaneous miscarriage during the first trimester of pregnancy 
B) the donation of surplus blastocysts produced by in vitro fertilization for women seeking fertility treatment 
C) tissue from elective abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy 
D) blood and/or tissue extracted from the placenta after the birth of the fetus 
A) tissues from spontaneous miscarriage during the first trimester of pregnancy 
B) the donation of surplus blastocysts produced by in vitro fertilization for women seeking fertility treatment 
C) tissue from elective abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy 
D) blood and/or tissue extracted from the placenta after the birth of the fetus

Question 8

The fact that the human genome contains proto-oncogenes means that

Accepted Answer

A) there is nothing we can do to reduce our chance of developing cancer. 
B) our genomes are constantly producing cancerous cells. 
C) the disruption of certain cellular controls can lead to cancer. 
D) we will all develop cancer during our lifetimes. 
A) there is nothing we can do to reduce our chance of developing cancer. 
B) our genomes are constantly producing cancerous cells. 
C) the disruption of certain cellular controls can lead to cancer. 
D) we will all develop cancer during our lifetimes.

Question 9

A ____________________ is a harmless growth that may occur in the colon, for example, without being cancerous.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ____________________ is a harmless growth that...

Question 10

People who quit smoking live longer than those who do not quit smoking.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Rapid cell proliferation can result from

Accepted Answer

A) contact inhibition. 
B) a cell ignoring a negative growth regulator. 
C) a mutation inhibiting the action of a positive growth regulator. 
D) the surgical removal of a benign polyp. 
A) contact inhibition. 
B) a cell ignoring a negative growth regulator. 
C) a mutation inhibiting the action of a positive growth regulator. 
D) the surgical removal of a benign polyp.

Question 12

In order to be healthy, an organism must stop all cell division activities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

For proper cell division to occur, the activity of proto-oncogenes must be balanced by the activity of ____________________ genes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For proper cell division to occur, the...

Question 14

As indicated in the diagram below, in many human colon tumors, the beginning of true malignancy is the result of

Accepted Answer

A) the loss of the TIP30 tumor suppressor gene. 
B) the loss of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. 
C) the loss of the APC tumor suppressor gene. 
D) a mutation in the c-myc gene. 
A) the loss of the TIP30 tumor suppressor gene. 
B) the loss of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. 
C) the loss of the APC tumor suppressor gene. 
D) a mutation in the c-myc gene.

Question 15

Cancer-causing chemicals increase the risk of cancer by promoting ____________________ in the DNA, causing changes in the DNA base sequences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cancer-causing chemicals increase the risk of cancer...

Question 16

One or two mutations are often the cause of cancer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A pesticide was found to cause cancer in laboratory mice. Which of the following would be the most reasonable hypothesis to pursue?

Accepted Answer

A) The pesticide mutates an oncogene to a proto-oncogene. 
B) The pesticide mutates both oncogenes to proto-oncogenes. 
C) The pesticide mutates one oncogene to a proto-oncogene and one tumor suppressor gene to an inactive form. 
D) The pesticide mutates both tumor suppressor genes to inactive forms. 
A) The pesticide mutates an oncogene to a proto-oncogene. 
B) The pesticide mutates both oncogenes to proto-oncogenes. 
C) The pesticide mutates one oncogene to a proto-oncogene and one tumor suppressor gene to an inactive form. 
D) The pesticide mutates both tumor suppressor genes to inactive forms.

Question 18

A mutated version of a virus that cannot disable the p53 gene can be used to

Accepted Answer

A) turn off the host cell's enzymatic activities. 
B) repair defective genes. 
C) turn off signal cascades. 
D) kill cancer cells. 
A) turn off the host cell's enzymatic activities. 
B) repair defective genes. 
C) turn off signal cascades. 
D) kill cancer cells.

Question 19

Cancer-causing genes are known as ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cancer-causing genes are known as ____________________....

Question 20

For a virus to reproduce, it must insert its DNA into the host cell's genome. How might this cause cancer in the host?

Accepted Answer

A) The viral DNA could insert a gene that controls cell division into the host's DNA. 
B) Because the host cell is much smaller than the virus, the host cell must expand until it becomes a tumor large enough to hold the virus. 
C) The virus could turn off an oncogene. 
D) Viruses cannot cause cancer. 
A) The viral DNA could insert a gene that controls cell division into the host's DNA. 
B) Because the host cell is much smaller than the virus, the host cell must expand until it becomes a tumor large enough to hold the virus. 
C) The virus could turn off an oncogene. 
D) Viruses cannot cause cancer.

Exam 11: Stem Cells, Cancer, and Human Health

When cells are stimulated to divide,

Proto-oncogenes, which produce many of the proteins used in a signal cascade, are found

The capacity of embryonic stem cells and HeLa cells to divide repeatedly suggests that they share one or more common features, the most important is probably the ability to synthesize ____________________ and repair their chromosomes after each round of cell division.

HeLa cells display a variety of abnormalities. Which is most associated with their ability to divide repeatedly?

The mesoderm, or middle tissue layer, of a mammal embryo can generate bone, cartilage, blood, and other connective tissues through the process of ____________________.

A physical, chemical, or biological agent that causes cancer is called a(n)

Tissue containing totipotent embryonic stem cells is difficult to obtain; what is the usual source?

The fact that the human genome contains proto-oncogenes means that

A ____________________ is a harmless growth that may occur in the colon, for example, without being cancerous.

People who quit smoking live longer than those who do not quit smoking.

Rapid cell proliferation can result from

In order to be healthy, an organism must stop all cell division activities.

For proper cell division to occur, the activity of proto-oncogenes must be balanced by the activity of ____________________ genes.

As indicated in the diagram below, in many human colon tumors, the beginning of true malignancy is the result of

Cancer-causing chemicals increase the risk of cancer by promoting ____________________ in the DNA, causing changes in the DNA base sequences.

One or two mutations are often the cause of cancer.

A pesticide was found to cause cancer in laboratory mice. Which of the following would be the most reasonable hypothesis to pursue?

A mutated version of a virus that cannot disable the p53 gene can be used to

Cancer-causing genes are known as ____________________.

For a virus to reproduce, it must insert its DNA into the host cell's genome. How might this cause cancer in the host?

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

Dna and Genes

From Gene to Protein

Dna Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Speciation and the Origins of Biological Diversity

The Evolutionary History of Life

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems

Global Change

Internal Organization and Homeostasis

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Animal Hormones

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses Against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

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