Exam 26: Taxonomy and Systematics

Mammals and birds are descendents of reptiles, but are not included within the taxon Reptilia. As a taxon Reptilia is

When you look at a phylogenetic tree of reptile classes, turtles, lizards and snake, and crocodiles are grouped together and birds are set off to the side but with a common ancestor for both groups. This would

Which concept states that " the preferred hypothesis is the one that is the simplest for all the characters and their states" when deciding which hypothesis to accept when deciphering a cladogram?

When researchers calibrate the molecular clock they are

How does the phenomenon of horizontal gene transfer muddle the concept of monophyletic groups?

Horizontal gene transfer is thought to have been an important factor in the early evolution of the three domains.

A modern goal of systematics is to create taxa based on similarity of form and function, regardless of evolutionary relationships.

Use the principle of parsimony and molecular genetic data to choose a phylogenetic tree for your hypothesis of how the species were derived from the ancestor.

Can two different species, from the same clade, have more than one common ancestor? Choose the MOST correct answer and explanation.

Once organisms are classified as to their domain, there are still millions of different species in each domain. Subdividing them even further makes it easier to understand their relationships to each other. A domain is divided into more subgroups until genus species is reached. Which of the groups listed is the broader group (contains more members)?

The shaded group includes all of the species that were derived from one common ancestor, this group could also be called a(n)

If the genus Quercus (oaks) is monophyletic, then this means that

Thick-skinned rhinoceroses and elephants were once classified together as pachyderms. They actually descended from different ancestors that in turn evolved from a thin-skinned common ancestor that was not included in the pachyderms. Pachyderms were therefore, as a taxon,

When you are classifying a species based on evolutionary relationships, a phylotenetic tree is then being used as a ___.

Moss Fern Conufer Flowering Plant Chlotophylls a \& b Yes Yes Yes Yes Vascular tusue No Yes Yes Yes Seeds No No Yes Yes Fowers No No No Yes Given the following list of characteristics: Which of the following would be considered to be a symplesiomorphy of mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants?

Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Methods

Which pair of species would be expected to have fewer genetic differences: orangutans and gorillas or gorillas and humans? Why?

The three phylogenetic trees above all contain the same members, all have a common ancestor, but are divided up in three different ways. Which tree has members circled that are of several evolutionary lines and does not include the most recent common ancestor of the included lineages? What is this type of group is this?

Linnaeus began naming organisms that were alike by using Latin names, he gave each organism two names; for example a wolf is called Canis lupis by scientists. What type of naming system is this and what group does "lupis" designate?

Moss Fen Conifer Flowering Plant Chloropliyllis a\&b Yes Yes Yes Yes Vascular tisste No Yes Yes Yes Seeds No No Yes Yes Flower: No No No Yes Given the following list of characteristics: Which of the following would be considered to be a synapomorphy of conifers and flowering plants?