Question 1

The Danish physician Hans Christian Gram

Accepted Answer

A)  developed the Gram-stain technique 
B)  devised the metric system of weights (milligrams, grams, kilograms) 
C)  developed the procedures for determining whether a particular organism causes a specific disease 
D)  developed both the Gram stain and the method of determining whether a particular organism causes a specific disease 
E)  none of the other options presented 
A)  developed the Gram-stain technique 
B)  devised the metric system of weights (milligrams, grams, kilograms) 
C)  developed the procedures for determining whether a particular organism causes a specific disease 
D)  developed both the Gram stain and the method of determining whether a particular organism causes a specific disease 
E)  none of the other options presented A

Question 2

Which of the following series is arranged in the correct sequence of occurrence during the fixation and subsequent use of nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  atmospheric nitrogen; bacterial nitrogenase; ammonia; conversion by plants or algae; synthesis of proteins 
B)  atmospheric nitrogen; bacterial nitrogenase; conversion by plants or algae; ammonia; synthesis of proteins 
C)  atmospheric nitrogen; ammonia; bacterial nitrogenase; conversion by plants or algae; synthesis of proteins 
D)  atmospheric nitrogen; ammonia; bacterial nitrogenase; synthesis of proteins; conversion by plants or algae 
E)  none of the other options displayed 
A)  atmospheric nitrogen; bacterial nitrogenase; ammonia; conversion by plants or algae; synthesis of proteins 
B)  atmospheric nitrogen; bacterial nitrogenase; conversion by plants or algae; ammonia; synthesis of proteins 
C)  atmospheric nitrogen; ammonia; bacterial nitrogenase; conversion by plants or algae; synthesis of proteins 
D)  atmospheric nitrogen; ammonia; bacterial nitrogenase; synthesis of proteins; conversion by plants or algae 
E)  none of the other options displayed A

Question 3

The process whereby genetic exchange occurs by way of viruses carrying genes from one microbe to another is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  conjugation 
B)  transduction 
C)  transformation 
D)  transubstantiation 
E)  interchange 
A)  conjugation 
B)  transduction 
C)  transformation 
D)  transubstantiation 
E)  interchange B

Question 4

A protein that can move protons and other ions across a cellular membrane is called a:

Accepted Answer

A)  peristaltic pump 
B)  proton pump 
C)  osmotic pump 
D)  transferase 
E)  stile 
A)  peristaltic pump 
B)  proton pump 
C)  osmotic pump 
D)  transferase 
E)  stile

Question 5

Flagella occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Which of the following statements DOES NOT describe how the flagella of prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eukaryotic flagella have microtubules in a cytoskeleton whereas prokaryotic ones do not. 
B)  Eukaryotic flagella have the motor protein dynein whereas the prokaryotic one does not. 
C)  The eukaryotic flagellum is covered by the plasma membrane whereas that of the prokaryotes is not. 
D)  Prokaryotic flagella have a basal apparatus and hook that rotates the filament whereas eukaryotic flagella do not. 
E)  The filament of eukaryotes is multilayered whereas that of prokaryotes is a single strand. 
A)  Eukaryotic flagella have microtubules in a cytoskeleton whereas prokaryotic ones do not. 
B)  Eukaryotic flagella have the motor protein dynein whereas the prokaryotic one does not. 
C)  The eukaryotic flagellum is covered by the plasma membrane whereas that of the prokaryotes is not. 
D)  Prokaryotic flagella have a basal apparatus and hook that rotates the filament whereas eukaryotic flagella do not. 
E)  The filament of eukaryotes is multilayered whereas that of prokaryotes is a single strand.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of slimy mucilage in microbes?

Accepted Answer

A)  protects against the host's immune system 
B)  binds nutrients 
C)  serves as a flotation device 
D)  prevents desiccation (drying out) 
E)  protects against ultraviolet radiation 
A)  protects against the host's immune system 
B)  binds nutrients 
C)  serves as a flotation device 
D)  prevents desiccation (drying out) 
E)  protects against ultraviolet radiation

Question 7

Some individual microbes secrete small molecules that induce other microbes to settle nearby. The aggregation that forms responds collectively to stimuli and moves in common to new sites and secretes mucilage. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  pre-sociality 
B)  muco-aggregation 
C)  archae sociality 
D)  quorum sensing 
E)  mass-settling 
A)  pre-sociality 
B)  muco-aggregation 
C)  archae sociality 
D)  quorum sensing 
E)  mass-settling

Question 8

Which of the following structures allow microbes to glide across surfaces?

Accepted Answer

A)  flagella 
B)  gas vesicles 
C)  microtubules 
D)  filament 
E)  pili 
A)  flagella 
B)  gas vesicles 
C)  microtubules 
D)  filament 
E)  pili

Question 9

Two kinds of organisms living together in ways beneficial to both is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  mutualism 
B)  bonding 
C)  parasitism 
D)  sociality 
E)  none of the other choices provided 
A)  mutualism 
B)  bonding 
C)  parasitism 
D)  sociality 
E)  none of the other choices provided

Question 10

A bacterial "bloom" is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the reproductive parts of bacteria 
B)  malformation of flowers caused by bacterial infections 
C)  unusual coloring of the water of lakes, ponds, or the sea caused by high numbers of bacteria 
D)  souring of milk caused by bacteria 
E)  swelling of a wound because of bacterial infection 
A)  the reproductive parts of bacteria 
B)  malformation of flowers caused by bacterial infections 
C)  unusual coloring of the water of lakes, ponds, or the sea caused by high numbers of bacteria 
D)  souring of milk caused by bacteria 
E)  swelling of a wound because of bacterial infection

Question 11

The most ancient type of organisms on Earth originated:

Accepted Answer

A)  4,004 years ago 
B)  7,200 years ago 
C)  2 million years ago 
D)  3.5 billion years ago 
E)  13 billion years ago 
A)  4,004 years ago 
B)  7,200 years ago 
C)  2 million years ago 
D)  3.5 billion years ago 
E)  13 billion years ago

Question 12

The oldest spores from which bacteria have been successfully cultured were:

Accepted Answer

A)  ten weeks old 
B)  ten years old 
C)  7,000 years old 
D)  25 million years old 
E)  250 million years old 
A)  ten weeks old 
B)  ten years old 
C)  7,000 years old 
D)  25 million years old 
E)  250 million years old

Question 13

A lichen is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a pathogen 
B)  a parasite 
C)  an archaean 
D)  a methanogen 
E)  a mutualistic relationship 
A)  a pathogen 
B)  a parasite 
C)  an archaean 
D)  a methanogen 
E)  a mutualistic relationship

Question 14

Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by endospore-forming bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  pneumonia 
B)  botulism 
C)  anthrax 
D)  tetanus 
E)  lockjaw 
A)  pneumonia 
B)  botulism 
C)  anthrax 
D)  tetanus 
E)  lockjaw

Question 15

Heterocysts are specialized cells in plant roots that contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The secretory systems of Type III and Type IV pathogenic bacteria differ in their mode of attacking cells in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type III systems bind to the cellular membrane by slimy mucilage and toxins diffuse across the membrane, whereas Type IV systems infect materials using pili as transfer tubes. 
B)  Type IV systems bind to the cellular membrane by slimy mucilage and toxins diffuse across the membrane, whereas Type III systems infect materials using pili as transfer tubes. 
C)  Both systems attach to cells in the same way but they differ merely in the chemicals that they inject into the host cell. 
D)  Type III systems use flagella modified as "syringes" to inject materials into cells they are infecting whereas Type IV systems use modified pili as transfer tubes. 
E)  Type IV systems use flagella modified as "syringes" to inject materials into cells they are infecting whereas Type III systems use modified pili as transfer tubes. 
A)  Type III systems bind to the cellular membrane by slimy mucilage and toxins diffuse across the membrane, whereas Type IV systems infect materials using pili as transfer tubes. 
B)  Type IV systems bind to the cellular membrane by slimy mucilage and toxins diffuse across the membrane, whereas Type III systems infect materials using pili as transfer tubes. 
C)  Both systems attach to cells in the same way but they differ merely in the chemicals that they inject into the host cell. 
D)  Type III systems use flagella modified as "syringes" to inject materials into cells they are infecting whereas Type IV systems use modified pili as transfer tubes. 
E)  Type IV systems use flagella modified as "syringes" to inject materials into cells they are infecting whereas Type III systems use modified pili as transfer tubes.

Question 17

Because they differ from all other living organisms by lacking a discrete nucleus and many other cell inclusions, Bacteria and Archaea are considered to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  karyoki 
B)  prophasic 
C)  histrionic 
D)  prophylactic 
E)  prokaryotic 
A)  karyoki 
B)  prophasic 
C)  histrionic 
D)  prophylactic 
E)  prokaryotic

Question 18

Binary fission is:

Accepted Answer

A)  cell division by meiosis 
B)  cell division by mitosis 
C)  cell division by simple splitting 
D)  fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) 
E)  exchange of genes between two cells 
A)  cell division by meiosis 
B)  cell division by mitosis 
C)  cell division by simple splitting 
D)  fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) 
E)  exchange of genes between two cells

Question 19

Feeding antibiotics to livestock promotes human health.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Microorganisms may aggregate and glue themselves to teeth to form dental plaque. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a biofilm 
B)  a dentifrice 
C)  halitosis 
D)  a dontoid layer 
E)  annealed enamel 
A)  a biofilm 
B)  a dentifrice 
C)  halitosis 
D)  a dontoid layer 
E)  annealed enamel

Exam 27: Bacteria and Archaea

The Danish physician Hans Christian Gram

Which of the following series is arranged in the correct sequence of occurrence during the fixation and subsequent use of nitrogen?

The process whereby genetic exchange occurs by way of viruses carrying genes from one microbe to another is known as:

A protein that can move protons and other ions across a cellular membrane is called a:

Flagella occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Which of the following statements DOES NOT describe how the flagella of prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ?

Which of the following is NOT a function of slimy mucilage in microbes?

Some individual microbes secrete small molecules that induce other microbes to settle nearby. The aggregation that forms responds collectively to stimuli and moves in common to new sites and secretes mucilage. This process is called:

Which of the following structures allow microbes to glide across surfaces?

Two kinds of organisms living together in ways beneficial to both is called:

A bacterial "bloom" is:

The most ancient type of organisms on Earth originated:

The oldest spores from which bacteria have been successfully cultured were:

A lichen is an example of:

Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by endospore-forming bacteria?

Heterocysts are specialized cells in plant roots that contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

The secretory systems of Type III and Type IV pathogenic bacteria differ in their mode of attacking cells in which of the following ways?

Because they differ from all other living organisms by lacking a discrete nucleus and many other cell inclusions, Bacteria and Archaea are considered to be:

Binary fission is:

Feeding antibiotics to livestock promotes human health.

Microorganisms may aggregate and glue themselves to teeth to form dental plaque. This is an example of:

An Introduction to Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life I: Atoms, Molecules, and Water

The Chemical Basis of Life II: Organic Molecules

General Features of Cells

Membrane Structure, Synthesis, and Transport

An Introduction to Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Cellular Respiration, Fermentation, and Secondary Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Multicellularity

Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

Gene Expression at the Molecular Level

Gene Regulation

Mutation, DNA Repair, and Cancer

The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Simple Patterns of Inheritance

Complex Patterns of Inheritance

Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Technology

Genomes, Proteomes, and Bioinformatics

The Origin and History of Life

An Introduction to Evolution

Population Genetics

Origin of Species and Macroevolution

Taxonomy and Systematics

Protists

Plants and the Conquest of Land

The Evolution and Diversity of Modern Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

The Invertebrates

The Vertebrates

An Introduction to Flowering Plant Form and Function

Flowering Plants: Behavior

Flowering Plants: Nutrition

Flowering Plants: Transport

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Introduction to Animal Form and Function

Neuroscience I: Cells of the Nervous System

Neuroscience Ii: Evolution and Function of the Brain and Nervous Systems

Neuroscience Iii: Sensory Systems

The Muscular-Skeletal System and Locomotion

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Control of Energy Balance, Metabolic Rate, and Body Temperature

Circulatory Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems and Salt and Water Balance

Endocrine Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immune Systems

An Introduction to Ecology and Biomes

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Species Interactions

Community Ecology

Ecosystems Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology