Question 1

Molecular homologies indicate that living species evolved from a common ancestor or interrelated group of common ancestors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

When humans are developing, in utero, they have characteristics that are not found in the fully developed infant. Gill slits are one example of these characteristics. Which type of homology does this typify?

Accepted Answer

A)  Developmental. 
B)  Structural. 
C)  Vestigal. 
D)  Molecular. 
E)  Both developmental and vestigal. 
A)  Developmental. 
B)  Structural. 
C)  Vestigal. 
D)  Molecular. 
E)  Both developmental and vestigal. A

Question 3

Genes encoding the blood proteins myoglobin and hemoglobin are derived from a common gene ancestor. These proteins both occur in humans. The genes for myoglobin and hemoglobin are

Accepted Answer

A)  analogs. 
B)  topologs. 
C)  paralogs. 
D)  orthologs. 
E)  pentalogs. 
A)  analogs. 
B)  topologs. 
C)  paralogs. 
D)  orthologs. 
E)  pentalogs. C

Question 4

The bacterium Bacillus tumefaciens has been harnessed in biotechnology because it can insert a gene from one species of plant into another. This can also occur in nature and is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  vestigial transfer. 
B)  homology. 
C)  horizontal gene transfer. 
D)  vertical evolution. 
E)  exon shuffling through endocytosis. 
A)  vestigial transfer. 
B)  homology. 
C)  horizontal gene transfer. 
D)  vertical evolution. 
E)  exon shuffling through endocytosis.

Question 5

A species that is naturally found only in a particular location is called

Accepted Answer

A)  extinct. 
B)  endemic. 
C)  extinct due to the action of humans. 
D)  exotic. 
E)  transitional. 
A)  extinct. 
B)  endemic. 
C)  extinct due to the action of humans. 
D)  exotic. 
E)  transitional.

Question 6

How did Thomas Malthus's ideas, about human population, affect Darwin's ideas on natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Darwin decided that if human population increased with each successive generation, all animals and . plants must reproduce using the same principles. 
B)  Darwin abandoned his idea of natural selection because Malthus' work proved that populations . would continually double in number with each generation. 
C)  Thomas Malthus believed that human populations declined when temperature drops, therefore . Darwin concluded that all plant species will not reproduce in cold temperatures. 
D)  Mallthus believed that only a fraction of any population will survive and reproduce, Darwin . contradicted Malthus's theories and said that all species will continue to survive and reproduce indefinitely. 
E)  Malthus theorized that only a fraction of any human population will survive and reproduce. Darwin's . observations during his voyage on the Beagle, supported Malthus' theory. 
A)  Darwin decided that if human population increased with each successive generation, all animals and . plants must reproduce using the same principles. 
B)  Darwin abandoned his idea of natural selection because Malthus' work proved that populations . would continually double in number with each generation. 
C)  Thomas Malthus believed that human populations declined when temperature drops, therefore . Darwin concluded that all plant species will not reproduce in cold temperatures. 
D)  Mallthus believed that only a fraction of any population will survive and reproduce, Darwin . contradicted Malthus's theories and said that all species will continue to survive and reproduce indefinitely. 
E)  Malthus theorized that only a fraction of any human population will survive and reproduce. Darwin's . observations during his voyage on the Beagle, supported Malthus' theory.

Question 7

The Modern Synthesis of evolution is based on

Accepted Answer

A)  observations of the formation of new species. 
B)  Darwin's ideas and modern concepts of genetics. 
C)  experimental studies of populations performed by Darwin. 
D)  recent concepts of adaptation and reproduction. 
E)  recent developments of DNA replication and PCR machines. 
A)  observations of the formation of new species. 
B)  Darwin's ideas and modern concepts of genetics. 
C)  experimental studies of populations performed by Darwin. 
D)  recent concepts of adaptation and reproduction. 
E)  recent developments of DNA replication and PCR machines.

Question 8

Gene families are created when

Accepted Answer

A)  genes duplicate. 
B)  exons converge. 
C)  viral infections occur. 
D)  introns are not removed from the mRNA after transcription. 
E)  both exon convergence and intron splicing. 
A)  genes duplicate. 
B)  exons converge. 
C)  viral infections occur. 
D)  introns are not removed from the mRNA after transcription. 
E)  both exon convergence and intron splicing.

Question 9

Which of the following pairs are NOT homologous?

Accepted Answer

A)  the wing of a bat and the front flipper of a whale 
B)  the wing of a bat and the wing of a chicken 
C)  the foreleg of a turtle and the front flipper of a whale 
D)  the wing of an insect and the wing of chicken 
E)  both the wing of an insect and chicken and the wing of a bat and chicken 
A)  the wing of a bat and the front flipper of a whale 
B)  the wing of a bat and the wing of a chicken 
C)  the foreleg of a turtle and the front flipper of a whale 
D)  the wing of an insect and the wing of chicken 
E)  both the wing of an insect and chicken and the wing of a bat and chicken

Question 10

The gene (IGF1) that encodes a growth hormone has one allele (IGF1-A) that is found in small dogs but not in dogs that are very large. What does this suggest about body size of small dogs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Body size depends on how much growth hormone is produced during early fetal development. 
B)  Body size depends on whether or not the IGF1-A allele is present, if it is the dog grows very large, . if it is not present the dog retains a small size. 
C)  It suggests that small dogs are small because the IGF1-A allele is expressed, perhaps inhibiting the . growth of the dog and the release of growth hormone. 
D)  It suggests that small dogs have more growth hormone released during fetal development but none . released after the birthing process. 
E)  Body size depends on nutrition, not on genetics. 
A)  Body size depends on how much growth hormone is produced during early fetal development. 
B)  Body size depends on whether or not the IGF1-A allele is present, if it is the dog grows very large, . if it is not present the dog retains a small size. 
C)  It suggests that small dogs are small because the IGF1-A allele is expressed, perhaps inhibiting the . growth of the dog and the release of growth hormone. 
D)  It suggests that small dogs have more growth hormone released during fetal development but none . released after the birthing process. 
E)  Body size depends on nutrition, not on genetics.

Question 11

The result of natural selection is

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction. 
B)  catastrophism. 
C)  adaptation. 
D)  synthesis. 
E)  behavioral change. 
A)  extinction. 
B)  catastrophism. 
C)  adaptation. 
D)  synthesis. 
E)  behavioral change.

Question 12

Similarity in evolutionarily unrelated groups due to adaptation to similar environments is called

Accepted Answer

A)  concentric evolution. 
B)  convergent evolution. 
C)  biogeographic evolution. 
D)  Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 
E)  both biogeographic and convergent evolution. 
A)  concentric evolution. 
B)  convergent evolution. 
C)  biogeographic evolution. 
D)  Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 
E)  both biogeographic and convergent evolution.

Question 13

The underlying phenomenon that makes selective breeding or artificial selection possible is genetic variation. It is possible to have phenotypic variation in natural populations because of.

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial selection. 
B)  gene inversion. 
C)  differences in alleles for a specific trait. 
D)  similarity in alleles for a specific trait. 
E)  both artificial selection and gene inversion. 
A)  artificial selection. 
B)  gene inversion. 
C)  differences in alleles for a specific trait. 
D)  similarity in alleles for a specific trait. 
E)  both artificial selection and gene inversion.

Question 14

In humans, structures that show developmental homology include

Accepted Answer

A)  eyes and nose. 
B)  temporary gill slits and bony tail. 
C)  legs and arms. 
D)  lungs and stomach. 
E)  both eyes and nose and lungs and stomach. 
A)  eyes and nose. 
B)  temporary gill slits and bony tail. 
C)  legs and arms. 
D)  lungs and stomach. 
E)  both eyes and nose and lungs and stomach.

Question 15

In comparing the chromosomes of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans which type of genomic evolution has occured with chromosome 3 in the orangutan compared to the other species?

Accepted Answer

A)  inversion. 
B)  duplication. 
C)  splitting. 
D)  both inversion and duplication. 
E)  splitting of the gene and duplication of the entire chromosome. 
A)  inversion. 
B)  duplication. 
C)  splitting. 
D)  both inversion and duplication. 
E)  splitting of the gene and duplication of the entire chromosome.

Question 16

According to Thomas Malthus, food supplies tend to increase arithmetically while populations tend to increase exponentially, which means that populations will outgrow their food supply.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Exchange of genetic material among different species is called

Accepted Answer

A)  homolgous gene exchange. 
B)  horizontal gene transfer. 
C)  exon shuffling. 
D)  genetic recombination. 
E)  exon shuffling and or genetic recombination. 
A)  homolgous gene exchange. 
B)  horizontal gene transfer. 
C)  exon shuffling. 
D)  genetic recombination. 
E)  exon shuffling and or genetic recombination.

Question 18

Transfer of a functional domain from one gene to another, creating a novel protein, can occur by ________; this could provide an evolutionary advantage because

Accepted Answer

A)  intron realignment; it shifts protein structure. 
B)  intron shuffling; it increases genetic variation in a population. 
C)  exon shuffling; it increases genetic variation in a population. 
D)  proteomics; it shifts protein structure. 
E)  both intron shuffling and proteomics; it shifts protein structure and increases genetic variation. 
A)  intron realignment; it shifts protein structure. 
B)  intron shuffling; it increases genetic variation in a population. 
C)  exon shuffling; it increases genetic variation in a population. 
D)  proteomics; it shifts protein structure. 
E)  both intron shuffling and proteomics; it shifts protein structure and increases genetic variation.

Question 19

Esherichia coli and Clostridium acetylbutylicum are reported to be derived from a common ancestor. They both have similar but not identical gene sequences. Which of the following could best explain this difference in genetic coding?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a common ancestor, their DNA has been inherited from the common ancestor, therefore it will be similar. 
B)  The two species never diverged but they were discovered by two different scientists and therefore
Given different names. 
C)  These orthologs show identical gene segments, but the entire sequence has differences, therefore they are related through ancestoral genes. 
D)  Gene duplication created paralogs. 
E)  After the two species diverged, the genes accumulated random mutations that resulted in similar but not identical gene sequences. 
A)  They have a common ancestor, their DNA has been inherited from the common ancestor, therefore it will be similar. 
B)  The two species never diverged but they were discovered by two different scientists and therefore
Given different names. 
C)  These orthologs show identical gene segments, but the entire sequence has differences, therefore they are related through ancestoral genes. 
D)  Gene duplication created paralogs. 
E)  After the two species diverged, the genes accumulated random mutations that resulted in similar but not identical gene sequences.

Question 20

Molecular homologies are shown in

Accepted Answer

A)  all organisms using DNA to store information. 
B)  access to cellular information via RNA. 
C)  proteins being the functional products of most genes. 
D)  similarities in biochemical pathways. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  all organisms using DNA to store information. 
B)  access to cellular information via RNA. 
C)  proteins being the functional products of most genes. 
D)  similarities in biochemical pathways. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Exam 23: An Introduction to Evolution

Molecular homologies indicate that living species evolved from a common ancestor or interrelated group of common ancestors.

When humans are developing, in utero, they have characteristics that are not found in the fully developed infant. Gill slits are one example of these characteristics. Which type of homology does this typify?

Genes encoding the blood proteins myoglobin and hemoglobin are derived from a common gene ancestor. These proteins both occur in humans. The genes for myoglobin and hemoglobin are

The bacterium Bacillus tumefaciens has been harnessed in biotechnology because it can insert a gene from one species of plant into another. This can also occur in nature and is referred to as

A species that is naturally found only in a particular location is called

How did Thomas Malthus's ideas, about human population, affect Darwin's ideas on natural selection?

The Modern Synthesis of evolution is based on

Gene families are created when

Which of the following pairs are NOT homologous?

The gene (IGF1) that encodes a growth hormone has one allele (IGF1-A) that is found in small dogs but not in dogs that are very large. What does this suggest about body size of small dogs?

The result of natural selection is

Similarity in evolutionarily unrelated groups due to adaptation to similar environments is called

The underlying phenomenon that makes selective breeding or artificial selection possible is genetic variation. It is possible to have phenotypic variation in natural populations because of.

In humans, structures that show developmental homology include

In comparing the chromosomes of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans which type of genomic evolution has occured with chromosome 3 in the orangutan compared to the other species?

According to Thomas Malthus, food supplies tend to increase arithmetically while populations tend to increase exponentially, which means that populations will outgrow their food supply.

Exchange of genetic material among different species is called

Transfer of a functional domain from one gene to another, creating a novel protein, can occur by ________; this could provide an evolutionary advantage because

Esherichia coli and Clostridium acetylbutylicum are reported to be derived from a common ancestor. They both have similar but not identical gene sequences. Which of the following could best explain this difference in genetic coding?

Molecular homologies are shown in

An Introduction to Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life I: Atoms, Molecules, and Water

The Chemical Basis of Life II: Organic Molecules

General Features of Cells

Membrane Structure, Synthesis, and Transport

An Introduction to Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Cellular Respiration, Fermentation, and Secondary Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Multicellularity

Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

Gene Expression at the Molecular Level

Gene Regulation

Mutation, DNA Repair, and Cancer

The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Simple Patterns of Inheritance

Complex Patterns of Inheritance

Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Technology

Genomes, Proteomes, and Bioinformatics

The Origin and History of Life

Population Genetics

Origin of Species and Macroevolution

Taxonomy and Systematics

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plants and the Conquest of Land

The Evolution and Diversity of Modern Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

The Invertebrates

The Vertebrates

An Introduction to Flowering Plant Form and Function

Flowering Plants: Behavior

Flowering Plants: Nutrition

Flowering Plants: Transport

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Introduction to Animal Form and Function

Neuroscience I: Cells of the Nervous System

Neuroscience Ii: Evolution and Function of the Brain and Nervous Systems

Neuroscience Iii: Sensory Systems

The Muscular-Skeletal System and Locomotion

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Control of Energy Balance, Metabolic Rate, and Body Temperature

Circulatory Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems and Salt and Water Balance

Endocrine Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immune Systems

An Introduction to Ecology and Biomes

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Species Interactions

Community Ecology

Ecosystems Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology