Question 1

In comparing the development of the unwebbed foot of the chicken and webbed foot of a duck

Accepted Answer

A)  BMP4 is expressed in the foot of a chicken and gremlin in the foot of a duck. 
B)  BMP4 and gremlin are expressed in both chickens and ducks, but gremlin is expressed throughout . the duck leg and not expressed between the toes of chickens. 
C)  BMP4 is expressed in the foot of a duck and gremlin in the foot of a chicken. 
D)  BMP4 is expressed between the toes of a chicken and gremlin between the toes of a duck. 
E)  BMP4 is not expressed in the chicken but is in the duck. 
A)  BMP4 is expressed in the foot of a chicken and gremlin in the foot of a duck. 
B)  BMP4 and gremlin are expressed in both chickens and ducks, but gremlin is expressed throughout . the duck leg and not expressed between the toes of chickens. 
C)  BMP4 is expressed in the foot of a duck and gremlin in the foot of a chicken. 
D)  BMP4 is expressed between the toes of a chicken and gremlin between the toes of a duck. 
E)  BMP4 is not expressed in the chicken but is in the duck. B

Question 2

Development of an animal is connected to the genes that are expressed during development. Researchers propose that ...

Accepted Answer

A)  increases in the number of Hox genes have been instrumental in the evolution of many animal species. 
B)  the greater the number of Hox genes the more complex the body plan of the animal. 
C)  both BMP4 and Hox are associated only with digit development in animals. 
D)  increases in the number of Hox genes have been instrumental in the evolution of many animal . species and the greater the number of Hox genes the more complex the body plan of the animal are both correct. 
E)  increases in the number of Hox genes have been instrumental in the evolution of many animal . species, the greater the number of Hox genes the more complex the body plan of the animal, and both BMP4 and Hox are associated only with digit development in animals are all correct. 
A)  increases in the number of Hox genes have been instrumental in the evolution of many animal species. 
B)  the greater the number of Hox genes the more complex the body plan of the animal. 
C)  both BMP4 and Hox are associated only with digit development in animals. 
D)  increases in the number of Hox genes have been instrumental in the evolution of many animal . species and the greater the number of Hox genes the more complex the body plan of the animal are both correct. 
E)  increases in the number of Hox genes have been instrumental in the evolution of many animal . species, the greater the number of Hox genes the more complex the body plan of the animal, and both BMP4 and Hox are associated only with digit development in animals are all correct. D

Question 3

Which of the following would most likely undergo the fastest rate of evolutionary change?

Accepted Answer

A)  an annual plant 
B)  a blue whale 
C)  a human 
D)  a giant sequoia tree 
E)  bacteria 
A)  an annual plant 
B)  a blue whale 
C)  a human 
D)  a giant sequoia tree 
E)  bacteria E

Question 4

Speciation can arise through abrupt events, such as changes in chromosome number or as consequence   of adaptation to different ecological niches. What is the term for the splitting or   Figure A Figure B diverging of a population into two or more species and which figure (above) is best associated with this term?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anagenesis; Figure A. 
B)  Anagenesis; Figure B. 
C)  Cladogenesis; Figure A. 
D)  Cladogenesis; Figure B. 
E)  Cladogenesis; Both Figure A and B can represent this type of splitting. 
A)  Anagenesis; Figure A. 
B)  Anagenesis; Figure B. 
C)  Cladogenesis; Figure A. 
D)  Cladogenesis; Figure B. 
E)  Cladogenesis; Both Figure A and B can represent this type of splitting.

Question 5

A disadvantage of the phylogenetic species concept is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot be applied to all organisms. 
B)  cannot be used for molecular data. 
C)  may be difficult to determine the number of traits necessary to characterize individuals. 
D)  cannot accommodate clear-cut qualitative characteristics. 
E)  is impossible to determine reproductive isolation. 
A)  cannot be applied to all organisms. 
B)  cannot be used for molecular data. 
C)  may be difficult to determine the number of traits necessary to characterize individuals. 
D)  cannot accommodate clear-cut qualitative characteristics. 
E)  is impossible to determine reproductive isolation.

Question 6

Morphological traits are commonly used to identify species, which of the following can also be used?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ability to interbreed. 
B)  Molecular similarity (DNA and chromosome comparisons). 
C)  Ecological factors. 
D)  Evolutionary relationships. 
E)  All of these. 
A)  The ability to interbreed. 
B)  Molecular similarity (DNA and chromosome comparisons). 
C)  Ecological factors. 
D)  Evolutionary relationships. 
E)  All of these.

Question 7

Adaptive radiation could resulted in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many ancestral species evolve into one of descendant species that differ greatly in habitat, form and . behavior from the ancestral species. 
B)  The evolution of the horse which depended on the change in food supply. 
C)  The abundant species of Hawaiian honeycreepers. 
D)  The 1,000 species of Drosophila found dispersed throughout the Hawaiian Islands. 
E)  The abundant species of Hawaiian honeycreepers and Drosophila found on the Hawaiian Islands. 
A)  Many ancestral species evolve into one of descendant species that differ greatly in habitat, form and . behavior from the ancestral species. 
B)  The evolution of the horse which depended on the change in food supply. 
C)  The abundant species of Hawaiian honeycreepers. 
D)  The 1,000 species of Drosophila found dispersed throughout the Hawaiian Islands. 
E)  The abundant species of Hawaiian honeycreepers and Drosophila found on the Hawaiian Islands.

Question 8

A population of mountain goats are split because of the formation of a glacier. After 50 years the glacier melts and the population reunites. Hybrid zones may occur if

Accepted Answer

A)  both pre-mating and post-mating isolating mechanisms occur. 
B)  reproductive isolation is incomplete. 
C)  a geographic barrier is removed after reproductive isolation is complete. 
D)  both pre-mating and post-mating isolating mechanism occur and reproductive isolation is complete. 
E)  both pre-mating and post-mating isolating mechanisms occur and a geographic barrier is removed after reproductive isolation is complete are correct. 
A)  both pre-mating and post-mating isolating mechanisms occur. 
B)  reproductive isolation is incomplete. 
C)  a geographic barrier is removed after reproductive isolation is complete. 
D)  both pre-mating and post-mating isolating mechanism occur and reproductive isolation is complete. 
E)  both pre-mating and post-mating isolating mechanisms occur and a geographic barrier is removed after reproductive isolation is complete are correct.

Question 9

De Queiroz's general species concept is receiving significant support because

Accepted Answer

A)  it includes morphology, reproductive isolation, DNA sequences and ecology to determine if a population of group of populations is distinct form other groups. 
B)  multiple criteria are used. 
C)  many scientists believe it is not valid to have so many different species concepts. 
D)  it concurs with evolutionary lineage concept. 
E)  all of the above are correct. 
A)  it includes morphology, reproductive isolation, DNA sequences and ecology to determine if a population of group of populations is distinct form other groups. 
B)  multiple criteria are used. 
C)  many scientists believe it is not valid to have so many different species concepts. 
D)  it concurs with evolutionary lineage concept. 
E)  all of the above are correct.

Question 10

Species evolve continuously over long spans of time according to the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  punctuated equilibrium. 
B)  gradualism. 
C)  developmental evolution. 
D)  anagenesis. 
E)  sexual selection. 
A)  punctuated equilibrium. 
B)  gradualism. 
C)  developmental evolution. 
D)  anagenesis. 
E)  sexual selection.

Question 11

The Pax6 gene

Accepted Answer

A)  is a master control gene for eye development. 
B)  codes for a protein that controls the expression of many other genes. 
C)  mutant can cause aniridia in humans. 
D)  is a homolog to the eyeless gene in Drosophila. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  is a master control gene for eye development. 
B)  codes for a protein that controls the expression of many other genes. 
C)  mutant can cause aniridia in humans. 
D)  is a homolog to the eyeless gene in Drosophila. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 12

The phenomenon in which one region of the body grows faster than another among different species is called...

Accepted Answer

A)  paedomorphosis. 
B)  Gremlin and BMP4 interaction. 
C)  Hox gene translation. 
D)  meroblastic cleavage. 
E)  heterochrony. 
A)  paedomorphosis. 
B)  Gremlin and BMP4 interaction. 
C)  Hox gene translation. 
D)  meroblastic cleavage. 
E)  heterochrony.

Question 13

Which of the following could possibly account for an increase in Hox genes and an increase in animal body complexity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Different Hox genes are expressed in different regions of the body. 
B)  Hox genes duplicated once during animal evolution. 
C)  Duplication of Hox genes and duplication of Hox gene clusters throughout animal evolution. 
D)  Inversion of Hox genes about 600 million years ago. 
E)  The creation of Hox gene clusters through inversion and uncontrolled replication. 
A)  Different Hox genes are expressed in different regions of the body. 
B)  Hox genes duplicated once during animal evolution. 
C)  Duplication of Hox genes and duplication of Hox gene clusters throughout animal evolution. 
D)  Inversion of Hox genes about 600 million years ago. 
E)  The creation of Hox gene clusters through inversion and uncontrolled replication.

Question 14

Accepted Answer

A)  The human and chimp fetal skull are exactly the same, the human jaw development slows down after adulthood. 
B)  Heterochrony is occurring, the chimp jaws continue to develop at a faster rate than human jaws. 
C)  Paedomorphosis is occurring, the human jaw retains its small size while the chimp jaw continues to grow even in adulthood. 
D)  The nasal passages of the chimp are shortened due to reduced growth during fetal development . while the nasal passages of the human grow through adulthood. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  The human and chimp fetal skull are exactly the same, the human jaw development slows down after adulthood. 
B)  Heterochrony is occurring, the chimp jaws continue to develop at a faster rate than human jaws. 
C)  Paedomorphosis is occurring, the human jaw retains its small size while the chimp jaw continues to grow even in adulthood. 
D)  The nasal passages of the chimp are shortened due to reduced growth during fetal development . while the nasal passages of the human grow through adulthood. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

Reproductive isolation in Darwin's finches was studied by Podos. He measured beak size and found a correlation between this and the finches'

Accepted Answer

A)  song. 
B)  possible ability to attract certain mates. 
C)  flight patterns. 
D)  song and possible ability to attract certain mates are correct. 
E)  song, flight patterns and beak depth. 
A)  song. 
B)  possible ability to attract certain mates. 
C)  flight patterns. 
D)  song and possible ability to attract certain mates are correct. 
E)  song, flight patterns and beak depth.

Question 16

Studies of the Pax6 and homologues suggest that the

Accepted Answer

A)  eye has evolved independently multiple times. 
B)  eyes of many different species are descended from a common ancestor. 
C)  master gene of the eye in various species is not homologous. 
D)  eye has evolved independently multiple times and master gene of the eye in various species is not homologous are correct. 
E)  eyes of insects, like Drosophila, derived many times from many ancestors. 
A)  eye has evolved independently multiple times. 
B)  eyes of many different species are descended from a common ancestor. 
C)  master gene of the eye in various species is not homologous. 
D)  eye has evolved independently multiple times and master gene of the eye in various species is not homologous are correct. 
E)  eyes of insects, like Drosophila, derived many times from many ancestors.

Question 17

The process of evolutionary changes that result in formation of new species and groups of species is called

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal evolution. 
B)  artificial selection. 
C)  macroevolution. 
D)  serial evolution. 
E)  a combination of temporal and serial evolution. 
A)  temporal evolution. 
B)  artificial selection. 
C)  macroevolution. 
D)  serial evolution. 
E)  a combination of temporal and serial evolution.

Question 18

What is the name of the field of biology that compares the development of different organisms in an attempt to understand ancestral relationships between organisms and the developmental mechanisms that bring about evolutionary change?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pattern formation. 
B)  Punctuated equlibrium. 
C)  Cell biology. 
D)  Evolutionary developmental biology. 
E)  Endocrine biology. 
A)  Pattern formation. 
B)  Punctuated equlibrium. 
C)  Cell biology. 
D)  Evolutionary developmental biology. 
E)  Endocrine biology.

Question 19

Genetic changes, under control of the Paax6 gene, led to

Accepted Answer

A)  the evolution of one type of eye. 
B)  one photoreceptor in each modern eye. 
C)  the evolution of many types of eyes using ommatidia and simple eye structures. 
D)  a cluster of photoreceptor cells in every eye. 
E)  none of these are correct 
A)  the evolution of one type of eye. 
B)  one photoreceptor in each modern eye. 
C)  the evolution of many types of eyes using ommatidia and simple eye structures. 
D)  a cluster of photoreceptor cells in every eye. 
E)  none of these are correct

Question 20

The pace of evolution may change due to sudden environmental shifts such as climate change. This may result in rapid evolution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 25: Origin of Species and Macroevolution

In comparing the development of the unwebbed foot of the chicken and webbed foot of a duck

Development of an animal is connected to the genes that are expressed during development. Researchers propose that ...

Which of the following would most likely undergo the fastest rate of evolutionary change?

A disadvantage of the phylogenetic species concept is that it

Morphological traits are commonly used to identify species, which of the following can also be used?

Adaptive radiation could resulted in which of the following?

A population of mountain goats are split because of the formation of a glacier. After 50 years the glacier melts and the population reunites. Hybrid zones may occur if

De Queiroz's general species concept is receiving significant support because

Species evolve continuously over long spans of time according to the concept of

The Pax6 gene

The phenomenon in which one region of the body grows faster than another among different species is called...

Which of the following could possibly account for an increase in Hox genes and an increase in animal body complexity?

Reproductive isolation in Darwin's finches was studied by Podos. He measured beak size and found a correlation between this and the finches'

Studies of the Pax6 and homologues suggest that the

The process of evolutionary changes that result in formation of new species and groups of species is called

What is the name of the field of biology that compares the development of different organisms in an attempt to understand ancestral relationships between organisms and the developmental mechanisms that bring about evolutionary change?

Genetic changes, under control of the Paax6 gene, led to

The pace of evolution may change due to sudden environmental shifts such as climate change. This may result in rapid evolution.

An Introduction to Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life I: Atoms, Molecules, and Water

The Chemical Basis of Life II: Organic Molecules

General Features of Cells

Membrane Structure, Synthesis, and Transport

An Introduction to Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Cellular Respiration, Fermentation, and Secondary Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Multicellularity

Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

Gene Expression at the Molecular Level

Gene Regulation

Mutation, DNA Repair, and Cancer

The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Simple Patterns of Inheritance

Complex Patterns of Inheritance

Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Technology

Genomes, Proteomes, and Bioinformatics

The Origin and History of Life

An Introduction to Evolution

Population Genetics

Taxonomy and Systematics

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plants and the Conquest of Land

The Evolution and Diversity of Modern Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

The Invertebrates

The Vertebrates

An Introduction to Flowering Plant Form and Function

Flowering Plants: Behavior

Flowering Plants: Nutrition

Flowering Plants: Transport

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Introduction to Animal Form and Function

Neuroscience I: Cells of the Nervous System

Neuroscience Ii: Evolution and Function of the Brain and Nervous Systems

Neuroscience Iii: Sensory Systems

The Muscular-Skeletal System and Locomotion

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Control of Energy Balance, Metabolic Rate, and Body Temperature

Circulatory Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems and Salt and Water Balance

Endocrine Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immune Systems

An Introduction to Ecology and Biomes

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Species Interactions

Community Ecology

Ecosystems Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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