Question 1

In the biochemical regulation of metabolic pathways, how would one overcome the effects of a competitive inhibitor on enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase the amount of substrate for the enzyme. 
B)  Increase the amount of competitive inhibitor. 
C)  Increase the temperature of the reaction. 
D)  Decrease the amount of enzyme. 
E)  Add a noncompetitive inhibitor of the enzyme. 
A)  Increase the amount of substrate for the enzyme. 
B)  Increase the amount of competitive inhibitor. 
C)  Increase the temperature of the reaction. 
D)  Decrease the amount of enzyme. 
E)  Add a noncompetitive inhibitor of the enzyme. A

Question 2

Reactions that produce glucose have less entropy than those that oxidize glucose.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

A reaction with a ?G > 0 is endergonic and requires a net input of energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Noncompetitive inhibition within a metabolic pathway prevents excess accumulation of the pathway's product. This occurs when the product binds the active site of an enzyme, reducing its activity, and the subsequent accumulation of product.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

hich is True of the following reaction: Pi+ADP?ATF?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has a change in free energy that is less than 0. 
B)  It has a change in free energy that is greater than 0. 
C)  It can be used to drive endergonic reactions. 
D)  It yields energy. 
E)  It has a change in free energy that is greater than 0, and hence can be used to drive endergonic reactions. 
A)  It has a change in free energy that is less than 0. 
B)  It has a change in free energy that is greater than 0. 
C)  It can be used to drive endergonic reactions. 
D)  It yields energy. 
E)  It has a change in free energy that is greater than 0, and hence can be used to drive endergonic reactions.

Question 6

Which is the correct sequence of events for protein degradation in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  ubiquitin binds target protein ? protein unfolds and enters proteasome ? protein directed to proteasome ? protein digested ? amino acids are released and recycled 
B)  ubiquitin binds target protein ? protein directed to proteasome ? protein unfolds and enters proteasome ? protein digested ? amino acids are released and recycled 
C)  protein directed to proteasome ? ubiquitin binds target protein ? protein unfolds and enters proteasome ? protein digested ? amino acids are released and recycled 
D)  protein directed to proteasome ? protein unfolds and enters proteasome ? ubiquitin binds target protein ? protein digested ? amino acids are released and recycled 
E)  protein directed to proteasome ? protein unfolds and enters proteasome ? protein digested ? ubiquitin binds target protein ? amino acids are released and recycled 
A)  ubiquitin binds target protein ? protein unfolds and enters proteasome ? protein directed to proteasome ? protein digested ? amino acids are released and recycled 
B)  ubiquitin binds target protein ? protein directed to proteasome ? protein unfolds and enters proteasome ? protein digested ? amino acids are released and recycled 
C)  protein directed to proteasome ? ubiquitin binds target protein ? protein unfolds and enters proteasome ? protein digested ? amino acids are released and recycled 
D)  protein directed to proteasome ? protein unfolds and enters proteasome ? ubiquitin binds target protein ? protein digested ? amino acids are released and recycled 
E)  protein directed to proteasome ? protein unfolds and enters proteasome ? protein digested ? ubiquitin binds target protein ? amino acids are released and recycled

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true for ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is produced from ATP synthase. 
B)  It is produced by a rotary machine. 
C)  Its production requires an exergonic reaction. 
D)  Its hydrolysis yields energy. 
E)  Its hydrolysis can drive endergonic reactions. 
A)  It is produced from ATP synthase. 
B)  It is produced by a rotary machine. 
C)  Its production requires an exergonic reaction. 
D)  Its hydrolysis yields energy. 
E)  Its hydrolysis can drive endergonic reactions.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways is most CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  The product of the pathway inhibits its own production by binding reactants in the metabolic pathway. 
B)  The product of the pathway inhibits its own production by competitively inhibiting the binding of a substrate to the active site of an enzyme within the metabolic pathway. 
C)  The product of the pathway inhibits its own production by noncompetitively inhibiting the binding of a substrate to the active site of an enyzme within the metabolic pathway. 
D)  The product of the pathway inhibits its own production by noncompetitively binding to reactants. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  The product of the pathway inhibits its own production by binding reactants in the metabolic pathway. 
B)  The product of the pathway inhibits its own production by competitively inhibiting the binding of a substrate to the active site of an enzyme within the metabolic pathway. 
C)  The product of the pathway inhibits its own production by noncompetitively inhibiting the binding of a substrate to the active site of an enyzme within the metabolic pathway. 
D)  The product of the pathway inhibits its own production by noncompetitively binding to reactants. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE for a reaction that has a ? G< 0 ?

Accepted Answer

A)  The reaction will require energy. 
B)  The reaction will yield energy. 
C)  The reaction is spontaneous. 
D)  The reaction will require energy and is spontaneous. 
E)  The reaction will yield energy and is spontaneous. 
A)  The reaction will require energy. 
B)  The reaction will yield energy. 
C)  The reaction is spontaneous. 
D)  The reaction will require energy and is spontaneous. 
E)  The reaction will yield energy and is spontaneous.

Question 10

For the generalized equation Ae- +B ?A + Be-, where e represents an electron. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Molecule A is reduced. 
B)  Molecule B is oxidzied. 
C)  Molecule A is oxidized. 
D)  Molecule B is reduced. 
E)  Both molecule A is oxidized and molecule B is reduced. 
A)  Molecule A is reduced. 
B)  Molecule B is oxidzied. 
C)  Molecule A is oxidized. 
D)  Molecule B is reduced. 
E)  Both molecule A is oxidized and molecule B is reduced.

Question 11

Which two are primary complexes for protein synthesis and degradation in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomes and proteasomes 
B)  ribosomes and lysosomes 
C)  proteases and lysosomes 
D)  proteases and proteasomes 
E)  ribosomes and mRNA 
A)  ribosomes and proteasomes 
B)  ribosomes and lysosomes 
C)  proteases and lysosomes 
D)  proteases and proteasomes 
E)  ribosomes and mRNA

Question 12

Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The active site of the enzyme is where the chemical reaction takes place. 
B)  The substrate binds to the enzyme with low affinity. 
C)  The enzyme undergoes a conformational change that brings substrates closer together in an induced fit. 
D)  The optimal activity of an enzyme occurs over a narrow temperature range. 
E)  The optimal activity of an enzyme occurs within a narrow pH range. 
A)  The active site of the enzyme is where the chemical reaction takes place. 
B)  The substrate binds to the enzyme with low affinity. 
C)  The enzyme undergoes a conformational change that brings substrates closer together in an induced fit. 
D)  The optimal activity of an enzyme occurs over a narrow temperature range. 
E)  The optimal activity of an enzyme occurs within a narrow pH range.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about ubiquitin is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ubiquitin recognizes improperly folded proteins. 
B)  Ubiquitin targets proteins for degradation. 
C)  Ubiquitin targets proteins for post-translational processing. 
D)  Ubiquitin recognizes improperly folded proteins and targets them for degradation. 
E)  Ubiquitin targets proteins for degradation and post-translational processing. 
A)  Ubiquitin recognizes improperly folded proteins. 
B)  Ubiquitin targets proteins for degradation. 
C)  Ubiquitin targets proteins for post-translational processing. 
D)  Ubiquitin recognizes improperly folded proteins and targets them for degradation. 
E)  Ubiquitin targets proteins for degradation and post-translational processing.

Question 14

According to the first law of thermodynamics

Accepted Answer

A)  the transfer of energy increases the disorder of a system. 
B)  the transfer of energy increases entropy. 
C)  energy cannot be created or destroyed. 
D)  once energy is created it can be destroyed. 
E)  kinetic energy is based on location. 
A)  the transfer of energy increases the disorder of a system. 
B)  the transfer of energy increases entropy. 
C)  energy cannot be created or destroyed. 
D)  once energy is created it can be destroyed. 
E)  kinetic energy is based on location.

Question 15

The half-life of a molecule is the time it takes for 50% of the molecule to be broken down and recycled.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the statements in INCORRECT about the following reaction? Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP ? Pyruvate + ATP (?G = -7.5 kcal/mole)

Accepted Answer

A)  It is anabolic. 
B)  It is catabolic. 
C)  It can be used to drive an endergonic reaction. 
D)  The synthesis of ATP occurs by substrate-level phosphorylation. 
E)  It is a reaction that yields energy. 
A)  It is anabolic. 
B)  It is catabolic. 
C)  It can be used to drive an endergonic reaction. 
D)  The synthesis of ATP occurs by substrate-level phosphorylation. 
E)  It is a reaction that yields energy.

Question 17

Which of the following would best reflect the general steps of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  enzyme undergoes conformational changes ? substrates bind to enzyme ? substrates are converted to products ? products are released. 
B)  substrates bind to enzyme ?substrates are converted to products ? enzyme undergoes conformational changes ? products are released 
C)  substrates bind to enzyme ? enzyme undergoes conformational changes ? substrates are converted to products ? products are released 
D)  enzyme undergoes conformational changes ?substrates are converted to products ? substrates bind to enzyme ? products are released 
E)  substrates bind to enzyme ? substrates are converted to products ? products are released ? enzyme undergoes conformational change 
A)  enzyme undergoes conformational changes ? substrates bind to enzyme ? substrates are converted to products ? products are released. 
B)  substrates bind to enzyme ?substrates are converted to products ? enzyme undergoes conformational changes ? products are released 
C)  substrates bind to enzyme ? enzyme undergoes conformational changes ? substrates are converted to products ? products are released 
D)  enzyme undergoes conformational changes ?substrates are converted to products ? substrates bind to enzyme ? products are released 
E)  substrates bind to enzyme ? substrates are converted to products ? products are released ? enzyme undergoes conformational change

Question 18

Which of the following structures or molecular machines is important for protein degradation in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoskeleton 
B)  flagellum 
C)  ribosome 
D)  ATP synthase 
E)  proteasome 
A)  cytoskeleton 
B)  flagellum 
C)  ribosome 
D)  ATP synthase 
E)  proteasome

Question 19

Which of the following statements about catabolic reactions is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They recycle organic building blocks. 
B)  They produce energy like ATP. 
C)  They produce energy in the form of energy intermediates like NADH. 
D)  They occur through the oxidation of substrates. 
E)  They usually require an input of energy. 
A)  They recycle organic building blocks. 
B)  They produce energy like ATP. 
C)  They produce energy in the form of energy intermediates like NADH. 
D)  They occur through the oxidation of substrates. 
E)  They usually require an input of energy.

Question 20

Which of the following represents two general factors that determine the fate of a chemical reaction in living cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  its enzyme and rate 
B)  its enzyme and direction 
C)  its direction and rate 
D)  its rate and product 
E)  its enzyme and products 
A)  its enzyme and rate 
B)  its enzyme and direction 
C)  its direction and rate 
D)  its rate and product 
E)  its enzyme and products

Exam 6: An Introduction to Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

In the biochemical regulation of metabolic pathways, how would one overcome the effects of a competitive inhibitor on enzyme activity?

Reactions that produce glucose have less entropy than those that oxidize glucose.

A reaction with a ?G > 0 is endergonic and requires a net input of energy.

Noncompetitive inhibition within a metabolic pathway prevents excess accumulation of the pathway's product. This occurs when the product binds the active site of an enzyme, reducing its activity, and the subsequent accumulation of product.

hich is True of the following reaction: Pi+ADP?ATF?

Which is the correct sequence of events for protein degradation in eukaryotes?

Which of the following is NOT true for ATP?

Which of the following statements about feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways is most CORRECT?

Which of the following is TRUE for a reaction that has a ? G< 0 ?

For the generalized equation Ae- +B ?A + Be-, where e represents an electron. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which two are primary complexes for protein synthesis and degradation in eukaryotes?

Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about ubiquitin is TRUE?

According to the first law of thermodynamics

The half-life of a molecule is the time it takes for 50% of the molecule to be broken down and recycled.

Which of the statements in INCORRECT about the following reaction? Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP ? Pyruvate + ATP (?G = -7.5 kcal/mole)

Which of the following would best reflect the general steps of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Which of the following structures or molecular machines is important for protein degradation in eukaryotes?

Which of the following statements about catabolic reactions is FALSE?

Which of the following represents two general factors that determine the fate of a chemical reaction in living cells?

An Introduction to Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life I: Atoms, Molecules, and Water

The Chemical Basis of Life II: Organic Molecules

General Features of Cells

Membrane Structure, Synthesis, and Transport

Cellular Respiration, Fermentation, and Secondary Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Multicellularity

Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

Gene Expression at the Molecular Level

Gene Regulation

Mutation, DNA Repair, and Cancer

The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Simple Patterns of Inheritance

Complex Patterns of Inheritance

Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Technology

Genomes, Proteomes, and Bioinformatics

The Origin and History of Life

An Introduction to Evolution

Population Genetics

Origin of Species and Macroevolution

Taxonomy and Systematics

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plants and the Conquest of Land

The Evolution and Diversity of Modern Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

The Invertebrates

The Vertebrates

An Introduction to Flowering Plant Form and Function

Flowering Plants: Behavior

Flowering Plants: Nutrition

Flowering Plants: Transport

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Introduction to Animal Form and Function

Neuroscience I: Cells of the Nervous System

Neuroscience Ii: Evolution and Function of the Brain and Nervous Systems

Neuroscience Iii: Sensory Systems

The Muscular-Skeletal System and Locomotion

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Control of Energy Balance, Metabolic Rate, and Body Temperature

Circulatory Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems and Salt and Water Balance

Endocrine Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immune Systems

An Introduction to Ecology and Biomes

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Species Interactions

Community Ecology

Ecosystems Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology