Question 1

Genomic imprinting can result in offspring with identical genotypes that have different phenotypes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

DNA methylation of a gene during spermatogenesis would result in

Accepted Answer

A)  the inactivation of the paternal allele in the offspring. 
B)  dosage compensation by the paternal allele. 
C)  the inactivation of the maternal allele in the offspring. 
D)  the inactivation of the X chromosome. 
E)  dosage compensation by the maternal allele. 
A)  the inactivation of the paternal allele in the offspring. 
B)  dosage compensation by the paternal allele. 
C)  the inactivation of the maternal allele in the offspring. 
D)  the inactivation of the X chromosome. 
E)  dosage compensation by the maternal allele. A

Question 3

A horticulturist is breeding a new variety of houseplant in which two genes control leaf color. G (allele for green) is dominant to g (yellow) and B (second allele for green) is dominant to b (yellow). The recessive homozygous condition of either gene will mask a dominant allele. What color is a plant with the genotype GgAa?

Accepted Answer

A)  green 
B)  yellow 
C)  an intermediate yellow-green 
D)  variegated (yellow and green spots or stripes) 
E)  The color cannot be determined with the information given. 
A)  green 
B)  yellow 
C)  an intermediate yellow-green 
D)  variegated (yellow and green spots or stripes) 
E)  The color cannot be determined with the information given. A

Question 4

Albinism in most animals is an epistatic trait characterized by a lack of melanin pigment in the eyes, skin, and hair. If the allele for albinism is a, the allele for brown coat color is B, and the allele for red coat color is b, which of the following genotypes would result in an albino cow?

Accepted Answer

A)  AaBb 
B)  aaBB 
C)  aabb 
D)  Aabb 
E)  aaBB and aabb 
A)  AaBb 
B)  aaBB 
C)  aabb 
D)  Aabb 
E)  aaBB and aabb

Question 5

Which of the following diseases is not caused by a mutation in a mitochondrial gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leber's Inherited Optic Neuropathy (LHON) 
B)  secretion of lactic acid into the bloodstream: "lactic acidosis" 
C)  myoclonic epilepsy 
D)  cardiomyopathy 
E)  Turner syndrome 
A)  Leber's Inherited Optic Neuropathy (LHON) 
B)  secretion of lactic acid into the bloodstream: "lactic acidosis" 
C)  myoclonic epilepsy 
D)  cardiomyopathy 
E)  Turner syndrome

Question 6

Which of the following statements correctly describes a quantitative trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  People who are homozygous for the group of genes associated with skin pigment have either lighter . or darker skin than those who are heterozygous for those genes. 
B)  The alleles of the gene for red hair color is masked by the gene for brown hair color. 
C)  A person heterozygous for dwarfism will always have the dwarf phenotype. 
D)  A woman who has one allele for color blindness will not be color blind, but a man who has one allele for color blindness will be color blind. 
E)  25% of the offspring from a cross of two fruit flies that are heterozygous for curly wings will have curly wings. 
A)  People who are homozygous for the group of genes associated with skin pigment have either lighter . or darker skin than those who are heterozygous for those genes. 
B)  The alleles of the gene for red hair color is masked by the gene for brown hair color. 
C)  A person heterozygous for dwarfism will always have the dwarf phenotype. 
D)  A woman who has one allele for color blindness will not be color blind, but a man who has one allele for color blindness will be color blind. 
E)  25% of the offspring from a cross of two fruit flies that are heterozygous for curly wings will have curly wings.

Question 7

Bicoid is a maternal effect gene that is essential for the development of head structures in Drosophila. The F1 generation from a cross of two phenotypically normal flies produces normal embryos, but in the F2 cross, 25% of the embryos lack heads and die. What was the genotype of the mother in the P generation?

Accepted Answer

A)  BB 
B)  Bb 
C)  bb 
D)  Either BB or Bb 
E)  Either Bb or bb 
A)  BB 
B)  Bb 
C)  bb 
D)  Either BB or Bb 
E)  Either Bb or bb

Question 8

Black-cheeked BC zebra finches are extremely desirable, but relatively rare. This phenotype is caused by a recessive mutation, but the mating of two BC birds is considered unethical because it results in very small birds. Therefore, BC birds are created by crossing carriers of the BC gene. Despite problems with the homozygous recessive, some unscrupulous breeders continue to breed them together because of the high prices they fetch. Which of the following statements could explain why BC homozygous birds are unusually small?

Accepted Answer

A)  The BC gene causes a mutation in a growth gene. 
B)  The BC gene and a gene for growth are very close to one another on the same chromosome. 
C)  The BC gene and a gene for growth are both mutated. 
D)  The dominant version of the cheek color gene (G
C)  encodes a gene for normal size. 
E)  The BC gene and growth gene are close together on the same chromosome and/or both of these genes are mutated. 
A)  The BC gene causes a mutation in a growth gene. 
B)  The BC gene and a gene for growth are very close to one another on the same chromosome. 
C)  The BC gene and a gene for growth are both mutated. 
D)  The dominant version of the cheek color gene (G
C)  encodes a gene for normal size. 
E)  The BC gene and growth gene are close together on the same chromosome and/or both of these genes are mutated.

Question 9

Epistasis often involves genes of an enzymatic pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a type of epigenetic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A)  maternal effect 
B)  X inactivation 
C)  imprinting 
D)  extranuclear inheritance 
E)  neither maternal effect nor extranuclear inheritance 
A)  maternal effect 
B)  X inactivation 
C)  imprinting 
D)  extranuclear inheritance 
E)  neither maternal effect nor extranuclear inheritance

Question 11

Mendel's laws do not adequately explain all the patterns of inheritance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A trait that is expressed as a continuum rather than as a few discrete phenotypes is

Accepted Answer

A)  polygenic. 
B)  sex-linked. 
C)  codominant. 
D)  Mendelian. 
E)  either polygenic or codominant. 
A)  polygenic. 
B)  sex-linked. 
C)  codominant. 
D)  Mendelian. 
E)  either polygenic or codominant.

Question 13

Quantitative traits

Accepted Answer

A)  are polygenic. 
B)  encode genes for continuous traits. 
C)  are influenced by the environment. 
D)  are both polygenic and influenced by the environment. 
E)  are correctly described by all of these statements. 
A)  are polygenic. 
B)  encode genes for continuous traits. 
C)  are influenced by the environment. 
D)  are both polygenic and influenced by the environment. 
E)  are correctly described by all of these statements.

Question 14

You discover a gene that results in a complete lack of hair in rats, and you name the gene "chromedome." A cross of homozygous normal and homozygous bald rats results in all bald rats. You conclude that the baldness allele is dominant, but when you repeat the cross with different rats none of the offspring are bald. Extremely puzzled you study your records and discover that in the first cross the bald rat was female, while in the second cross the bald rat was male. What do you conclude from this information?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chromedome is imprinted in females. 
B)  Chromedome is imprinted in males. 
C)  Chromedome is dominant in males and recessive in females 
D)  Chromedome is dominant in males and recessive in females. 
E)  Chromedome is an X-linked gene. 
A)  Chromedome is imprinted in females. 
B)  Chromedome is imprinted in males. 
C)  Chromedome is dominant in males and recessive in females 
D)  Chromedome is dominant in males and recessive in females. 
E)  Chromedome is an X-linked gene.

Question 15

Height (tallness) in humans is a polygenic trait. Assume the following: There are 4 genes that determine height (Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd). Each dominant allele adds 2 inches of height to an individual. The height of the recessive individual (aa, bb, cc, dd) is 5 feet. What is the height of a person with the genotype (AA, Bb, cc, DD)?

Accepted Answer

A)  5?4² 
B)  5?10² 
C)  5?8² 
D)  6?6² 
E)  5?6² 
A)  5?4² 
B)  5?10² 
C)  5?8² 
D)  6?6² 
E)  5?6²

Question 16

If the recombination frequency between gene A and B is 10 out of 100 offspring, gene A and C is 30 out of 100 offspring, and gene B and C is 40 out of 100 offspring, what is the location of these genes in relation to each other on a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  CAB 
B)  BAC 
C)  ABC 
D)  CBA 
E)  either CAB or BAC 
A)  CAB 
B)  BAC 
C)  ABC 
D)  CBA 
E)  either CAB or BAC

Question 17

You are breeding different varieties of roses in your garden. When you cross a true-breeding yellow "Texas Beauty" rose with a true-breeding "Ruby" red rose, you get all red roses. But when you cross a "Texas Beauty" yellow with the yellow variety "Jealousy," you get a 9:7 ratio of red to yellow flowers! What can you conclude from these results?

Accepted Answer

A)  The environment, and not genes, influences pigment in these rose varieties. 
B)  There are epistatic interactions between at least two genes for rose pigment. 
C)  The red allele is dominant to the yellow allele. 
D)  There is a mutation in the gene for yellow pigment in the "Jealosy" variety. 
E)  There is no recessive allele for the red pigment gene. 
A)  The environment, and not genes, influences pigment in these rose varieties. 
B)  There are epistatic interactions between at least two genes for rose pigment. 
C)  The red allele is dominant to the yellow allele. 
D)  There is a mutation in the gene for yellow pigment in the "Jealosy" variety. 
E)  There is no recessive allele for the red pigment gene.

Question 18

If a testcross for two different traits produces more nonrecombinant than recombinant offspring, then the alleles for the two traits

Accepted Answer

A)  are dominant. 
B)  are on the same chromosome. 
C)  are on different chromosomes. 
D)  are epistatic. 
E)  are both dominant and on the same chromosome. 
A)  are dominant. 
B)  are on the same chromosome. 
C)  are on different chromosomes. 
D)  are epistatic. 
E)  are both dominant and on the same chromosome.

Question 19

The DNA methylation state of a zygote will be maintained throughout the life of the organism and then passed on unchanged to its offspring.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Epistatic gene interactions do not follow Mendel's laws of inheritance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 17: Complex Patterns of Inheritance

Genomic imprinting can result in offspring with identical genotypes that have different phenotypes.

DNA methylation of a gene during spermatogenesis would result in

Albinism in most animals is an epistatic trait characterized by a lack of melanin pigment in the eyes, skin, and hair. If the allele for albinism is a, the allele for brown coat color is B, and the allele for red coat color is b, which of the following genotypes would result in an albino cow?

Which of the following diseases is not caused by a mutation in a mitochondrial gene?

Which of the following statements correctly describes a quantitative trait?

Epistasis often involves genes of an enzymatic pathway.

Which of the following is NOT a type of epigenetic inheritance?

Mendel's laws do not adequately explain all the patterns of inheritance.

A trait that is expressed as a continuum rather than as a few discrete phenotypes is

Quantitative traits

If the recombination frequency between gene A and B is 10 out of 100 offspring, gene A and C is 30 out of 100 offspring, and gene B and C is 40 out of 100 offspring, what is the location of these genes in relation to each other on a chromosome?

If a testcross for two different traits produces more nonrecombinant than recombinant offspring, then the alleles for the two traits

The DNA methylation state of a zygote will be maintained throughout the life of the organism and then passed on unchanged to its offspring.

Epistatic gene interactions do not follow Mendel's laws of inheritance.

An Introduction to Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life I: Atoms, Molecules, and Water

The Chemical Basis of Life II: Organic Molecules

General Features of Cells

Membrane Structure, Synthesis, and Transport

An Introduction to Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Cellular Respiration, Fermentation, and Secondary Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Multicellularity

Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

Gene Expression at the Molecular Level

Gene Regulation

Mutation, DNA Repair, and Cancer

The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Simple Patterns of Inheritance

Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Technology

Genomes, Proteomes, and Bioinformatics

The Origin and History of Life

An Introduction to Evolution

Population Genetics

Origin of Species and Macroevolution

Taxonomy and Systematics

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plants and the Conquest of Land

The Evolution and Diversity of Modern Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

The Invertebrates

The Vertebrates

An Introduction to Flowering Plant Form and Function

Flowering Plants: Behavior

Flowering Plants: Nutrition

Flowering Plants: Transport

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Introduction to Animal Form and Function

Neuroscience I: Cells of the Nervous System

Neuroscience Ii: Evolution and Function of the Brain and Nervous Systems

Neuroscience Iii: Sensory Systems

The Muscular-Skeletal System and Locomotion

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Control of Energy Balance, Metabolic Rate, and Body Temperature

Circulatory Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems and Salt and Water Balance

Endocrine Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immune Systems

An Introduction to Ecology and Biomes

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Species Interactions

Community Ecology

Ecosystems Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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