Exam 7: CHI-Square Tests for Categorical Variables

Use the following to answer the questions below: We have a random sample of 150 students (60 males and 90 females) that includes two variables: Smoke = "yes" or "no" and Gender = "female (F)" or "Male (M)." The two-way table below summarizes the results. -Test, at the 10% level, if there is a significant association between gender and smoking status among students at this university. Include all of the details of the test.

Use the following to answer the questions below: Are all colors equally likely for Milk Chocolate M&M's? Data collected from a bag of Milk Chocolate M&M's are provided. -Is a chi-square test appropriate in this situation?

Use the following to answer the questions below: Are all colors equally likely for Milk Chocolate M&M's? Data collected from a bag of Milk Chocolate M&M's are provided. -Which color contributes the most to the chi-square test statistic? For this color, is the observed count smaller or larger than the expected count?

Use the following to answer the questions below: February 12, 2009 marked the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin's birth. To celebrate, Gallup, a national polling organization, surveyed 1,018 Americans about their education level and their beliefs about the theory of evolution. The survey results are displayed in the provided two-way table. Note that the expected counts for most cells appear in parentheses. -M&M's, the popular candy-coated chocolate treats, come in a variety of flavors. One of the newest varieties is Pretzel, and another popular variety is Peanut Butter. Does the Mars Company (the maker of M&M's) use the same color distribution (frequency of colors) for all varieties, or does it depend on variety? Data collected on the two varieties are displayed in the provided two-way table. Test, at the 5% level, if the samples provide evidence of an association between color and variety. Include all of the details of the test.

Use the following to answer the questions below: Upon request, the Mars Company (the maker of M&M's) will provide the color distribution for their candies. As of August 2009, they noted that "Our color blends were selected by conducting consumer preference tests, which indicate the assortment of colors that pleased the greatest number of people and created the most attractive overall effect. On average, our mix of colors for M&M'S CHOCOLATE CANDIES is: M&M'S MILK CHOCOLATE: 24% cyan blue, 20% orange, 16% green, 14% bright yellow, 13% red, 13% brown." Data collected from a bag of Milk Chocolate M&M's are provided. We want to determine if this sample provides evidence that the color distribution has changed since August 2009. -State the null and alternative hypotheses for testing if the color distribution for Milk Chocolate M&M's has changed since 2009.