Question 1

_____ is a potentially serious problem that arises if baseline levels of performance cannot be revoked during reversal.

Accepted Answer

A)  An unrecoverable baseline 
B)  Unsystematic within-phase baseline variability 
C)  A drifting baseline 
D)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  An unrecoverable baseline 
B)  Unsystematic within-phase baseline variability 
C)  A drifting baseline 
D)  None of the answers is correct. A

Question 2

In a single-subject baseline design, multiple subjects are included in an experiment so that:

Accepted Answer

A)  data can be averaged before the analysis. 
B)  intrasubject replication can be done. 
C)  generality of the findings across subjects can be established. 
D)  power can be increased. 
A)  data can be averaged before the analysis. 
B)  intrasubject replication can be done. 
C)  generality of the findings across subjects can be established. 
D)  power can be increased. C

Question 3

If you focus on how behavior changes immediately following a change in the level of an independent variable, you are studying:

Accepted Answer

A)  steady-state behavior. 
B)  statistical noise. 
C)  behavioral dynamics. 
D)  behavioral statistics. 
A)  steady-state behavior. 
B)  statistical noise. 
C)  behavioral dynamics. 
D)  behavioral statistics. C

Question 4

Some researchers argue that the desired level of control is difficult to achieve and suggest:

Accepted Answer

A)  giving up on doing the experiment. 
B)  using a baseline rather than a discrete trials design in such cases. 
C)  that inferential statistics may provide a solution in such cases. 
D)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  giving up on doing the experiment. 
B)  using a baseline rather than a discrete trials design in such cases. 
C)  that inferential statistics may provide a solution in such cases. 
D)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 5

The _____ design was developed primarily by B. F. Skinner and his followers.

Accepted Answer

A)  discrete trials 
B)  baseline 
C)  interrupted-trials 
D)  averaged-baseline 
A)  discrete trials 
B)  baseline 
C)  interrupted-trials 
D)  averaged-baseline

Question 6

In the single-subject baseline design, intrasubject replication is used to establish the generality of the findings across subjects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

It is a cardinal sin to apply inferential statistics to data from single-subject designs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Discuss the history of single-subject designs.

Accepted Answer

Single-subject designs, also known as si

Question 9

In single-subject designs, uncontrolled variability produced by extraneous variables is handled:

Accepted Answer

A)  by averaging across subjects within groups. 
B)  statistically after an experiment is over. 
C)  by ignoring it. 
D)  by tight experimental control. 
A)  by averaging across subjects within groups. 
B)  statistically after an experiment is over. 
C)  by ignoring it. 
D)  by tight experimental control.

Question 10

A stability criterion is used in a single-subject design to establish the generality of results.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A disadvantage of single-subject designs is that the design is inappropriate for many research applications.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Compare and contrast the discrete trials and the baseline designs.

Accepted Answer

Discrete trials and baseline designs are

Question 13

Waiting for your subject's behavior to "settle down" before going to the next phase of an experiment exemplifies a:

Accepted Answer

A)  baseline. 
B)  discrete trials criterion. 
C)  stability criterion. 
D)  drifting baseline. 
A)  baseline. 
B)  discrete trials criterion. 
C)  stability criterion. 
D)  drifting baseline.

Question 14

Adjustment and fine-tuning of baselines over time:

Accepted Answer

A)  is a serious source of confounding in single-subject designs. 
B)  provides an extended opportunity to identify previously unsuspected important variables. 
C)  gives you a mechanism to identify potential sources of confounding. 
D)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  is a serious source of confounding in single-subject designs. 
B)  provides an extended opportunity to identify previously unsuspected important variables. 
C)  gives you a mechanism to identify potential sources of confounding. 
D)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 15

A problem with the single-subject approach is that it:

Accepted Answer

A)  is inappropriate for many research applications. 
B)  is highly vulnerable to the influence of extraneous variables. 
C)  lacks internal validity. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  is inappropriate for many research applications. 
B)  is highly vulnerable to the influence of extraneous variables. 
C)  lacks internal validity. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

When the baselines of different subjects in an experiment level off at very different values even though the conditions imposed on the subjects are nominally identical, you have the problem of:

Accepted Answer

A)  unsystematic between-subjects baselines. 
B)  unequal baselines between subjects. 
C)  between-subjects baseline drifts. 
D)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  unsystematic between-subjects baselines. 
B)  unequal baselines between subjects. 
C)  between-subjects baseline drifts. 
D)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 17

Dynamic designs provide the discrete values of an independent variable that serve to distinguish the baseline and intervention phases of baseline designs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Multiple-baseline designs are used to deal with irreversible changes in behavior in single-subject baseline designs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

You conduct a single-subject experiment to see whether you can reduce disruptive behavior in a third-grader, Jonathon, by ignoring instances when he talks out of turn. You first observe his behavior under normal conditions, and then after his teacher has been instructed to ignore him when he talks out of turn. You find that his talking out of turn is reduced when it is ignored. In this scenario, _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  you can safely conclude that your treatment was the only variable that affected Jonathon's urge to talk out of turn 
B)  you can conclude that the effect of your treatment is only temporary 
C)  you cannot safely conclude that your treatment changed his behavior because your treatment is confounded with time 
D)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  you can safely conclude that your treatment was the only variable that affected Jonathon's urge to talk out of turn 
B)  you can conclude that the effect of your treatment is only temporary 
C)  you cannot safely conclude that your treatment changed his behavior because your treatment is confounded with time 
D)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 20

In the _____ design, individual subjects receive each treatment condition of an experiment dozens of times.

Accepted Answer

A)  baseline 
B)  reversal 
C)  multiple-baseline 
D)  discrete trials 
A)  baseline 
B)  reversal 
C)  multiple-baseline 
D)  discrete trials

_____ is a potentially serious problem that arises if baseline levels of performance cannot be revoked during reversal.

In a single-subject baseline design, multiple subjects are included in an experiment so that:

If you focus on how behavior changes immediately following a change in the level of an independent variable, you are studying:

Some researchers argue that the desired level of control is difficult to achieve and suggest:

The _____ design was developed primarily by B. F. Skinner and his followers.

In the single-subject baseline design, intrasubject replication is used to establish the generality of the findings across subjects.

It is a cardinal sin to apply inferential statistics to data from single-subject designs.

Discuss the history of single-subject designs.

In single-subject designs, uncontrolled variability produced by extraneous variables is handled:

A stability criterion is used in a single-subject design to establish the generality of results.

A disadvantage of single-subject designs is that the design is inappropriate for many research applications.

Compare and contrast the discrete trials and the baseline designs.

Waiting for your subject's behavior to "settle down" before going to the next phase of an experiment exemplifies a:

Adjustment and fine-tuning of baselines over time:

A problem with the single-subject approach is that it:

When the baselines of different subjects in an experiment level off at very different values even though the conditions imposed on the subjects are nominally identical, you have the problem of:

Dynamic designs provide the discrete values of an independent variable that serve to distinguish the baseline and intervention phases of baseline designs.

Multiple-baseline designs are used to deal with irreversible changes in behavior in single-subject baseline designs.

In the _____ design, individual subjects receive each treatment condition of an experiment dozens of times.

Explaining Behavior

Developing and Evaluating Theories of Behavior

Getting Ideas for Research

Choosing a Research Design

Making Systematic Observations

Choosing and Using Research Subjects

Understanding Ethical Issues in the Research Process

Doing Nonexperimental Research

Doing Survey Research

Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects Experimental Designs

Using Specialized Research Designs

Describing Data

Using Inferential Statistics

Using Multivariate Design and Analysis

Reporting Your Research Results

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Exam 12: Using Single-Subject Designs

_____ is a potentially serious problem that arises if baseline levels of performance cannot be revoked during reversal.

In a single-subject baseline design, multiple subjects are included in an experiment so that:

If you focus on how behavior changes immediately following a change in the level of an independent variable, you are studying:

Some researchers argue that the desired level of control is difficult to achieve and suggest:

The _____ design was developed primarily by B. F. Skinner and his followers.

In the single-subject baseline design, intrasubject replication is used to establish the generality of the findings across subjects.

It is a cardinal sin to apply inferential statistics to data from single-subject designs.

Discuss the history of single-subject designs.

In single-subject designs, uncontrolled variability produced by extraneous variables is handled:

A stability criterion is used in a single-subject design to establish the generality of results.

A disadvantage of single-subject designs is that the design is inappropriate for many research applications.

Compare and contrast the discrete trials and the baseline designs.

Waiting for your subject's behavior to "settle down" before going to the next phase of an experiment exemplifies a:

Adjustment and fine-tuning of baselines over time:

A problem with the single-subject approach is that it:

When the baselines of different subjects in an experiment level off at very different values even though the conditions imposed on the subjects are nominally identical, you have the problem of:

Dynamic designs provide the discrete values of an independent variable that serve to distinguish the baseline and intervention phases of baseline designs.

Multiple-baseline designs are used to deal with irreversible changes in behavior in single-subject baseline designs.

In the _____ design, individual subjects receive each treatment condition of an experiment dozens of times.

Explaining Behavior

Developing and Evaluating Theories of Behavior

Getting Ideas for Research

Choosing a Research Design

Making Systematic Observations

Choosing and Using Research Subjects

Understanding Ethical Issues in the Research Process

Doing Nonexperimental Research

Doing Survey Research

Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects Experimental Designs

Using Specialized Research Designs

Describing Data

Using Inferential Statistics

Using Multivariate Design and Analysis

Reporting Your Research Results

Filters