Exam 10: Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects Experimental Designs

Subjects in a two-level within-subjects experiment on reaction time respond to 2,000 stimuli in the first condition and then immediately respond to 2,000 more stimuli in the second condition. You notice that the subjects perform more poorly in the second condition than in the first. The confounding variable here is:

You should always try to fit your experiment into the factorial mold.

Matching is just as easy with multigroup designs as it is with the two-group design.

Discuss the main effects and interactions in a factorial design experiment.

The best way to avoid the problem of confounding is to plan carefully how your independent variables will be executed.

Multiple control groups are only necessary when studying the effect of drugs on behavior.

A way of reducing error variance is to:

In an experiment on the effects of alcohol on memory, participants are first tested after drinking a nonalcoholic beverage and then tested again after drinking an alcoholic beverage. This is an example of a _____ design.

The presence of error variance:

In a _____ factorial design, each subject is exposed to every combination of levels of all the factors.

Carryover effects threaten the internal validity of a within-subjects experiment.

In within-subjects designs, subjects are exposed to all levels of your independent variable.

The different values an independent variable takes on in an experiment are called its levels.

When you manipulate your independent variable quantitatively, you are using a _____.

In a single-subject design, _____.

In the _____ design, the number of treatment orders is equal to the number of treatments.

When a strong correlation exists between a variable used to match subjects and your dependent variable, matching increases the power of your experiment.

Discuss the problem of carryover effects in within-subjects designs. What are some of the sources, and how can they be dealt with?

The Latin square design makes treatment order an independent variable.

Which of the following is an advantage of a within-subjects experimental design?