A) reliable but inaccurate. B) invalid but reliable. C) unreliable and accurate. D) reliable but inaccurate or invalid but reliable. A) reliable but inaccurate. B) invalid but reliable. C) unreliable and accurate. D) reliable but inaccurate or invalid but reliable.

Exam 5: Making Systematic Observations

If a dependent measure reflects what people do in real-life situations (such as a jury voting "guilty" or "not guilty"), this is referred to as the _____ of a measure.

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(Multiple Choice)

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Question 1

Correct Answer:

Verified

Animals are generally not responsive to demand characteristics.

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(True/False)

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Question 2

Correct Answer:

Verified

False

Discuss the problems that range effects pose for research. How can these problems be avoided?

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(Essay)

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Question 3

Correct Answer:

Answered by Examlex AI Copilot

Range effects in research refer to the variability in responses or outcomes that can occur due to the range of participants or stimuli used in a study. These range effects can pose several problems for research, including decreased generalizability of results, reduced statistical power, and potential biases in findings.

One of the main issues with range effects is that they can limit the ability to generalize findings to a broader population. If a study only includes a narrow range of participants or stimuli, the results may not be applicable to a wider population. This can limit the practical implications of the research and make it difficult to draw meaningful conclusions.

Furthermore, range effects can also lead to reduced statistical power, which refers to the ability of a study to detect true effects. When a study only includes a limited range of participants or stimuli, the variability in the data may be restricted, making it harder to detect significant effects. This can undermine the reliability of the findings and make it challenging to draw accurate conclusions.

Additionally, range effects can also introduce biases into the research findings. For example, if a study only includes participants from a specific demographic or with certain characteristics, the results may be skewed and not representative of the broader population. This can lead to inaccurate conclusions and potentially misleading recommendations.

To avoid these problems, researchers can take several steps. Firstly, they can ensure that their sample or stimuli represent a diverse range of participants or conditions. This can involve using random sampling techniques to select participants and ensuring that the sample is reflective of the population of interest. Additionally, researchers can also conduct sensitivity analyses to assess the potential impact of range effects on their findings and adjust their analyses accordingly.

Furthermore, researchers can also consider conducting meta-analyses to combine findings from multiple studies and assess the robustness of their results across a broader range of participants or stimuli. This can help to mitigate the impact of range effects and strengthen the generalizability of the findings.

Overall, range effects pose significant challenges for research, but by taking proactive measures to ensure diversity and representativeness in their samples, researchers can minimize these problems and produce more reliable and applicable findings.

In contrast physical and chemical experiments, the _____ nature of subjects and participants must be considered when designing and assessing psychological research.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 4

A(n) _____ measure produces similar results when administered under identical conditions.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 5

Range effects can sometimes be dealt with by redesigning measures.

(True/False)

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Question 6

A(n) _____ measures unconscious reactions to stimuli and are used to tap into attitudes that individuals may not admit to overtly.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 7

Range effects emerge when a researcher's preconceived ideas about how participants should behave are subtly communicated to participants and, in turn, affect the participants' behavior.

(True/False)

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Question 8

Determining the accuracy of a psychological measure is difficult because:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 9

Pilot studies help you to:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 10

Sometimes, you must choose to use one of the less informative scales of measurement to preserve:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 11

Which of the following statements is true of pilot studies?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 12

Automation of an experiment can be done by:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 13

Sometimes, measures that seem perfectly adequate turn out to be insensitive to the affects you are looking for.

(True/False)

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Question 14

A measure can be:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 15

One must remember that, much like the human participant, the animal subject is:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 16

Automation is one way to circumvent the problem of experimenter bias.

(True/False)

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Question 17

Which of the following statements is true of range effects?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 18

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of automation in psychological research.

(Essay)

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Question 19

Assessing the accuracy of psychological measures is difficult, because few known standards exist.

(True/False)

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Question 20

Showing 1 - 20 of 86

If a dependent measure reflects what people do in real-life situations (such as a jury voting "guilty" or "not guilty"), this is referred to as the _____ of a measure.

Animals are generally not responsive to demand characteristics.

Discuss the problems that range effects pose for research. How can these problems be avoided?

In contrast physical and chemical experiments, the _____ nature of subjects and participants must be considered when designing and assessing psychological research.

A(n) _____ measure produces similar results when administered under identical conditions.

Range effects can sometimes be dealt with by redesigning measures.

A(n) _____ measures unconscious reactions to stimuli and are used to tap into attitudes that individuals may not admit to overtly.

Range effects emerge when a researcher's preconceived ideas about how participants should behave are subtly communicated to participants and, in turn, affect the participants' behavior.

Determining the accuracy of a psychological measure is difficult because:

Pilot studies help you to:

Sometimes, you must choose to use one of the less informative scales of measurement to preserve:

Which of the following statements is true of pilot studies?

Automation of an experiment can be done by:

Sometimes, measures that seem perfectly adequate turn out to be insensitive to the affects you are looking for.

A measure can be:

One must remember that, much like the human participant, the animal subject is:

Automation is one way to circumvent the problem of experimenter bias.

Which of the following statements is true of range effects?

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of automation in psychological research.

Assessing the accuracy of psychological measures is difficult, because few known standards exist.

Explaining Behavior

Developing and Evaluating Theories of Behavior

Getting Ideas for Research

Choosing a Research Design

Choosing and Using Research Subjects

Understanding Ethical Issues in the Research Process

Doing Nonexperimental Research

Doing Survey Research

Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects Experimental Designs

Using Specialized Research Designs

Using Single-Subject Designs

Describing Data

Using Inferential Statistics

Using Multivariate Design and Analysis

Reporting Your Research Results

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