Question 1

When doing a meta-analysis, you:

Accepted Answer

A)  should do only a limited search of the literature. 
B)  may find information in many articles that is incomplete. 
C)  may encounter resistance from authors whom you contact to learn why they published their articles. 
D)  should avoid having in mind a specific hypothesis to test. 
A)  should do only a limited search of the literature. 
B)  may find information in many articles that is incomplete. 
C)  may encounter resistance from authors whom you contact to learn why they published their articles. 
D)  should avoid having in mind a specific hypothesis to test. B

Question 2

You are a psychotherapist who has a client with a unique combination of symptoms. With your client's permission, you write an article summarizing and interpreting those symptoms. The method of research being used here is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the case history method. 
B)  archival research. 
C)  content analysis. 
D)  a quasi-experiment. 
A)  the case history method. 
B)  archival research. 
C)  content analysis. 
D)  a quasi-experiment. A

Question 3

When you have multiple observers, why should you check for interrater reliability?

Accepted Answer

A)  Establishing interrater reliability helps ensure that your observers are accurate and that you can reproduce your procedures. 
B)  You can check to see that your observers meet some standard of reliability that you have established. 
C)  You can detect and correct any problems with additional observer training. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  Establishing interrater reliability helps ensure that your observers are accurate and that you can reproduce your procedures. 
B)  You can check to see that your observers meet some standard of reliability that you have established. 
C)  You can detect and correct any problems with additional observer training. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. D

Question 4

A requirement for performing content analysis is:

Accepted Answer

A)  an institutional review board (IR
B)  review of proposed research. 
B)  a clear operational definition of terms. 
C)  that only one observer should be used. 
D)  to avoid developing hypotheses before beginning a content analysis. 
A)  an institutional review board (IR
B)  review of proposed research. 
B)  a clear operational definition of terms. 
C)  that only one observer should be used. 
D)  to avoid developing hypotheses before beginning a content analysis.

Question 5

Give an example (other than the one discussed in the text) of how you could use a case history to study behavior.

Accepted Answer

A case history can be used to study beha

Question 6

Ethnography is limited to nonexperimental, observational research studies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In contrast to an experimental research design, the unit of analysis in a content analysis is the behavior of participants rather than some written, visual, or spoken record.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A meta-analysis should be done with a well-defined research idea and hypothesis in mind.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The text proposes that _____ can be used as an index of interrater reliability.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pearson's product-moment correlation 
B)  the analysis of variance 
C)  the Mann-Whitney U test 
D)  phi 
A)  Pearson's product-moment correlation 
B)  the analysis of variance 
C)  the Mann-Whitney U test 
D)  phi

Question 10

Cohen's Kappa (K) is used to:

Accepted Answer

A)  evaluate the validity of your behavior categories. 
B)  determine how reliable a single observer is. 
C)  evaluate interrater reliability. 
D)  determine whether a single observer's observations are accurate. 
A)  evaluate the validity of your behavior categories. 
B)  determine how reliable a single observer is. 
C)  evaluate interrater reliability. 
D)  determine whether a single observer's observations are accurate.

Question 11

In a study of children's play, you record not only the frequency of aggressive play but also how children make transitions from one type of play to another. This is an example of recording:

Accepted Answer

A)  single events only. 
B)  unrepresentative behavior. 
C)  behavior sequences in addition to single events. 
D)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  single events only. 
B)  unrepresentative behavior. 
C)  behavior sequences in addition to single events. 
D)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 12

In a _____, you summarize published research and draw conclusions based on what you have read.

Accepted Answer

A)  traditional literature review 
B)  meta-analysis 
C)  literature analysis 
D)  library research analysis 
A)  traditional literature review 
B)  meta-analysis 
C)  literature analysis 
D)  library research analysis

Question 13

When Cooper and Rosenthal (1980) compared meta-analysis with traditional literature review, they found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  there was no difference between the two techniques in evaluating methodology. 
B)  meta-analysis yields more methodological flaws. 
C)  traditional literature reviews have more methodological flaws. 
D)  meta-analysis was more reliable in detecting inappropriately applied statistics. 
A)  there was no difference between the two techniques in evaluating methodology. 
B)  meta-analysis yields more methodological flaws. 
C)  traditional literature reviews have more methodological flaws. 
D)  meta-analysis was more reliable in detecting inappropriately applied statistics.

Question 14

Sociometry is a nonexperimental strategy that involves studying existing records.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A meta-analysis involves making statistical comparisons across published studies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Ethnography is used primarily to study and describe the functioning of cultures through the observation of social interactions and expressions between people and groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Observer bias occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A)  only one observer is used. 
B)  observers are blind to the purposes of a study. 
C)  observers know the goals of a study or the hypotheses being tested. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  only one observer is used. 
B)  observers are blind to the purposes of a study. 
C)  observers know the goals of a study or the hypotheses being tested. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

When reporting data from multiple observers, you can average across observers when:

Accepted Answer

A)  there is a high level of agreement. 
B)  there is a low level of agreement. 
C)  you use only percent agreement as your measure of interrater reliability. 
D)  only one observer disagrees with the rest. 
A)  there is a high level of agreement. 
B)  there is a low level of agreement. 
C)  you use only percent agreement as your measure of interrater reliability. 
D)  only one observer disagrees with the rest.

Question 19

In an observational study of patients in a psychiatric ward, you alternate 5-minute periods of observation with 5-minute periods of recording behavior. This is an example of _____ sampling.

Accepted Answer

A)  time 
B)  individual 
C)  event 
D)  alternating interval 
A)  time 
B)  individual 
C)  event 
D)  alternating interval

Question 20

In _____, you study existing records.

Accepted Answer

A)  a case history 
B)  archival research 
C)  naturalistic observation 
D)  participant observation 
A)  a case history 
B)  archival research 
C)  naturalistic observation 
D)  participant observation

When doing a meta-analysis, you:

You are a psychotherapist who has a client with a unique combination of symptoms. With your client's permission, you write an article summarizing and interpreting those symptoms. The method of research being used here is:

When you have multiple observers, why should you check for interrater reliability?

A requirement for performing content analysis is:

Give an example (other than the one discussed in the text) of how you could use a case history to study behavior.

Ethnography is limited to nonexperimental, observational research studies.

In contrast to an experimental research design, the unit of analysis in a content analysis is the behavior of participants rather than some written, visual, or spoken record.

A meta-analysis should be done with a well-defined research idea and hypothesis in mind.

The text proposes that _____ can be used as an index of interrater reliability.

Cohen's Kappa (K) is used to:

In a study of children's play, you record not only the frequency of aggressive play but also how children make transitions from one type of play to another. This is an example of recording:

In a _____, you summarize published research and draw conclusions based on what you have read.

When Cooper and Rosenthal (1980) compared meta-analysis with traditional literature review, they found that:

Sociometry is a nonexperimental strategy that involves studying existing records.

A meta-analysis involves making statistical comparisons across published studies.

Ethnography is used primarily to study and describe the functioning of cultures through the observation of social interactions and expressions between people and groups.

Observer bias occurs when:

When reporting data from multiple observers, you can average across observers when:

In an observational study of patients in a psychiatric ward, you alternate 5-minute periods of observation with 5-minute periods of recording behavior. This is an example of _____ sampling.

In _____, you study existing records.

Explaining Behavior

Developing and Evaluating Theories of Behavior

Getting Ideas for Research

Choosing a Research Design

Making Systematic Observations

Choosing and Using Research Subjects

Understanding Ethical Issues in the Research Process

Doing Survey Research

Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects Experimental Designs

Using Specialized Research Designs

Using Single-Subject Designs

Describing Data

Using Inferential Statistics

Using Multivariate Design and Analysis

Reporting Your Research Results

Filters

Exam 8: Doing Nonexperimental Research

When doing a meta-analysis, you:

You are a psychotherapist who has a client with a unique combination of symptoms. With your client's permission, you write an article summarizing and interpreting those symptoms. The method of research being used here is:

When you have multiple observers, why should you check for interrater reliability?

A requirement for performing content analysis is:

Give an example (other than the one discussed in the text) of how you could use a case history to study behavior.

Ethnography is limited to nonexperimental, observational research studies.

In contrast to an experimental research design, the unit of analysis in a content analysis is the behavior of participants rather than some written, visual, or spoken record.

A meta-analysis should be done with a well-defined research idea and hypothesis in mind.

The text proposes that _____ can be used as an index of interrater reliability.

Cohen's Kappa (K) is used to:

In a study of children's play, you record not only the frequency of aggressive play but also how children make transitions from one type of play to another. This is an example of recording:

In a _____, you summarize published research and draw conclusions based on what you have read.

When Cooper and Rosenthal (1980) compared meta-analysis with traditional literature review, they found that:

Sociometry is a nonexperimental strategy that involves studying existing records.

A meta-analysis involves making statistical comparisons across published studies.

Ethnography is used primarily to study and describe the functioning of cultures through the observation of social interactions and expressions between people and groups.

Observer bias occurs when:

When reporting data from multiple observers, you can average across observers when:

In an observational study of patients in a psychiatric ward, you alternate 5-minute periods of observation with 5-minute periods of recording behavior. This is an example of _____ sampling.

In _____, you study existing records.

Explaining Behavior

Developing and Evaluating Theories of Behavior

Getting Ideas for Research

Choosing a Research Design

Making Systematic Observations

Choosing and Using Research Subjects

Understanding Ethical Issues in the Research Process

Doing Survey Research

Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects Experimental Designs

Using Specialized Research Designs

Using Single-Subject Designs

Describing Data

Using Inferential Statistics

Using Multivariate Design and Analysis

Reporting Your Research Results

Filters