Exam 18: The Outcomes of Evolution: Macroevolution

In the absence of geographic barriers,________ speciation may occur when reproductive isolating mechanisms develop between two populations.

A population becomes isolated from other populations of the same species,and then genetic divergence occurs that prevents them from breeding with other populations.What has happened?

The practice of giving a two-part scientific name to every distinct organism is called ________.

Eastern and western meadowlarks look almost identical and sometimes inhabit the same areas of prairies.They recognize members of their own species by distinctive songs and thus do not breed with each other.This is an example of:

The Great Dane and Chihuahua are both domestic dogs,the same species.However,mating between them is limited by:

The many species of tree frogs that inhabit forests in the eastern United States maintain their genetic isolation from other species by several mechanisms,including "singing" slightly different songs.Which type of isolating mechanism does this represent?

The development of hundreds of new species of fruit flies in Hawaii from a single ancestor is a good example of ________.

Refer to the scenario below, and then answer the following question(s). Species of fruit fly larvae in the genus Rhagoletis each feed on a particular kind of fruit. Rhagoletis pomonella feeds on the small red fruit of the hawthorn tree. In 1865, farmers in the Hudson River valley found that R. pomonella flies had begun attacking their apples and then spread to apple orchards in adjacent areas of Massachusetts and Connecticut. These now separate varieties of flies, the apple and haw flies, usually don't interbreed with each other because their periods of mating coincide with the different ripening times of apples and hawthorn fruit. Each variety is becoming specialized to feed and reproduce in its own particular microhabitat and may be transitioning to separate species. -If the apple and haw flies become distinct enough to be separate species,their evolution is an example of:

Refer to the scenario below, and then answer the following question(s). Species of fruit fly larvae in the genus Rhagoletis each feed on a particular kind of fruit. Rhagoletis pomonella feeds on the small red fruit of the hawthorn tree. In 1865, farmers in the Hudson River valley found that R. pomonella flies had begun attacking their apples and then spread to apple orchards in adjacent areas of Massachusetts and Connecticut. These now separate varieties of flies, the apple and haw flies, usually don't interbreed with each other because their periods of mating coincide with the different ripening times of apples and hawthorn fruit. Each variety is becoming specialized to feed and reproduce in its own particular microhabitat and may be transitioning to separate species. -If the apple and haw flies no longer interbreed due to the different ripening times of apples and hawthorns,this would be an example of what kind of reproductive isolating mechanism?